E3 E3T Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies HVAC Technologies - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

E3 E3T

Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies

HVAC Technologies in Multifamily Buildings

Jonathan Heller

Ecotope

Dan Auer

King County Housing Authority

Emerging Technologies Showcase

September 14, 2016

E3 E3T

Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies

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Multifamily HVAC: Heat Pump Technologies Jonathan Heller Sep 14, 2016

Range of Multifamily

The Future?

Woody Walk-up

Woody Walk-up: Western WA EUI ~ 36kBtu/SF/yr

10 14 12

Domestic Hot Water Lights and Plug Load Apartment Heat

Midrise

Seattle Mid-rise Baseline: EUI ~ 40kBtu/SF/yr

10 10 10 5 5

Domestic Hot Water Apt Lights and Plugs Common Electric Apartment Heat Common Space Heat

Variable Speed Inverter Heat Pump

Outdoor Heat Pumps

Indoor Ducted Units

Design Considerations 1.Fan noise – remote from sleeping areas 2.Maintenance access – filters. Mechanical closet or access panels. 3.Ducting – dropped ceilings or soffits. Keep all ducts inside heated envelope. 4.High cost for equipment, installation, architectural integration ($10-15K). 5.VRF vs. Single-zone. Where line length

• r space restrictions apply.

Fan Coil Energy Use

165 120 8 15 15 96 85 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

PSC Fan Coil ECM Fan Coil VRF Wall Cassette VRF Ceiling Cassette VRF Floor Cassette VRF Low Profile Ducted VRF Medium Static Ducted

Watts Fan Coil Type

(Fan Watts for delivery of 8000 Btuh cooling)

Reasons to use Ducted vs. Ductless

• 1. Large multi-room spaces that can

not be adequately served from a single ductless heat pump location

• 2. Aesthetics – architect/owner does

not like the look of ductless heat pumps

Ductless Heat Pumps (DHP)

Midrise Integration of DHPs

Refrigerant Line Routing

Savings: 1/3 of What?

1980s 2-Bedroom Garden-style in Tri- Cities with electric heat and window air- conditioners (~2500kWh/yr heating) vs. 2016 Apartment in mid-rise in Seattle with electric heat and no cooling. (Studio ~500kWh/yr, 1-Bed ~1000kWh/yr 2-Bed ~1500kWh/yr)

Cooling Energy Take-Back

Are They Ugly?

Like This Better?

How About This?

Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps (PTHP)

Emerging Technology: Inverter Packaged Heat Pump (IPHP)

Façade Integration

Summary

Ducted Ductless IPHP Energy Savings

30% 33% 20%

Non-Energy Benefits

Aesthetics, Cooling, Balancing, Higher Rent Cooling, Quiet, Ease of Integration, Higher Rent Cooling, Simple, Quieter?

Technology Readiness

Fair Excellent ?

Ease of Adoption

Low High High

Cost

$10-15K $3-8K $1-2K

Value

Poor-Fair Fair-Good Unknown

Needed Research Areas

Metering or Billing Analysis of DHPs in multifamily.

• How much do they save?
• Quantify heating and cooling effects.

Lab testing of IPHPs.

• How noisy are they?
• Low Temperature performance.
• Part Load/ Seasonal Performance.
• Controls options.

Pilot Field Test of IPHPs

• Aesthetics issues.
• Integration issues.
• Tenant acceptance.
• Measurement of savings.

E3 E3T

Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies

E3 E3T

Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies

HRV and ERVs in Retrofit Multifamily Weatherization

Dan Auer

King County Housing Authority September 14, 2016

E3 E3T

Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies

Low income weatherization

• King County Housing Authority
• Focus on small multifamily buildings, garden style,

with individual entrances

• Weatherization protocol:
• Comply with ASHRAE 62.2 ventilation standards
• Test in – test out
• Evaluate Energy conservation measures with DOE

approved energy simulation software, trued up with actual billing history

E3 E3T

Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies

Retrofit economics

• Existing fan 60 watts
• Run time 10 minutes per day

(The curse of multifamily property managers)

• New fan, 15 watts

– Run time 8 hours per day

Utility rebates are typically for the fan motor efficiency. This is undeveloped program territory for most utility programs

E3 E3T

Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies

Retrofit economics

Cost Sheet

Fan energy (watts) 15 Cost/kWh $0.090 Run hrs/day 24 Climate HDD 5000 Est annual on time % 100% kWh/CFM 46 Energy (kWh) Cost Fan operation 131 $12 Make up air 1,150 $104 Total 1,281 $115

Exhaust only ventilation costs; make up air is the energy penalty

Energy analysis of retrofitting exhaust only system to ERV

Cost effective!

E3 E3T

Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies

In the Past

• Located in mechanical room, usually a HRV
• Out of sight - out of mind
• Never maintained, abandoned

Today

• Located in the living room ceiling, not out of sight
• ERVs require no plumbing
• Inexpensive to install with the positive attributes
• Fresh filtered air, lower utility bills
• Trained maintenance staff
• Mandated maintenance schedule

• A developed product that has been on the market for a few years. It has not been

implemented in a lot of programs but recent market activity suggests it is ready for attention

• The energy efficiency is unique to energy recovery systems and could be better
• developed. I do not believe there is a Energy Star certification for ERVs.
• Apartments suffer from a poor indoor air quality. Exhaust only systems bring

contaminants from neighbors ERVs bring fresh air into the apartments, the effect is profound.

• The product is technically sound. Works well, and needs maintenance.
• There needs to be a road map developed to implementation. There are some

ready partners including:

• Puget Sound Energy and their Multifamily Air sealing Program; contact Mac

Snow at 425-424-6798

• Building Performance Center in Bellingham training multifamily energy

auditors to recognize opportunities for installation, call John Davies at 360- 734-5121 X103

• Housing Authorities across the Pacific Northwest.

Smaller ERVs for Apartments

New Technologies

E3 E3T

Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies

Questions?

41

Jonathan Heller President Ecotope 206-596-4704 jonathan@ecotope.com Dan Auer Project Manager, Multifamily Weatherization King County Housing Authority 206-214-1246 dana@kcha.org

E3 E3T

Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies

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