E3 E3T Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies Advanced Heat - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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E3 E3T Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies Advanced Heat - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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E3 E3T Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies Advanced Heat Pump Water Heater Research Emerging Technologies Showcase January 8, 2014 Ken Eklund, Building Science & Standards Team Lead WSU Energy Program Welcome. Todays webinar is

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E3 E3T

Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies

Advanced Heat Pump Water Heater Research

Emerging Technologies Showcase

January 8, 2014

  • Welcome. Today’s webinar is being recorded and will be posted at:
  • www.E3Tnw.org
  • www.ConduitNW.org

Ken Eklund, Building Science & Standards Team Lead WSU Energy Program

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Showcase Highlights

  • Current Research Project Description
  • Technology Overview
  • Laboratory Tests and Results
  • Field Installation and Research Plan
  • Project Timeline
  • Existing Projects
  • Contacts
  • Q&A
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Pacific Northwest CO2 HPWH Research

  • Lab test of Sanden French manufactured unitary 40

gallon HPWH (sponsored by NEEA)

  • Lab test of Sanden Australian manufactured split

84 gallon HPWH (sponsored by BPA)

  • Field test of 84 gallon split begun with Tacoma

Power on October 14th (sponsored by BPA). Field tests in Montana, Portland and Spokane scheduled

  • Demand Response assessment of Sanden unitary

and split systems currently underway (sponsored by BPA)

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Research Led by WSU Energy Program (TIP 292) Ken Eklund, Principal Investigator David Hales, Field Monitoring Installation Laboratory Test Ben Larson, Ecotope, Test Manager and Analyst Kumar Banerjee, Cascade Engineering, Lab Test Director Field Installation Mark Jerome, CLEAResult (formerly Fluid MS), System Installation Coordinator Funding Provided by BPA Kacie Bedney, Project Manager

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BPA Project Team

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  • CO2 refrigerant Heat Pump Water Heater

manufactured by Sanden International

  • Lab test to DOE and Northern Climate Specification
  • Field test in partnership with:

Avista Heating Zone 2 Energy Trust of Oregon Heating Zone 1 Ravalli Electric Coop Heating Zone 3 Tacoma Power Heating Zone 1

– One install in each territory. 12-18 month monitoring.

  • NEEA is also a contributing partner

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Project Overview

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CO2 Refrigerant

Carbon dioxide operates as a refrigerant when in a supercritical state between gas and liquid. Advantages:

  • Operates effectively across a wide temperature range
  • Has a Global Warming Potential of 1 compared to 1,000 to

2,000 for HFCs

Disadvantages:

  • Operates at 1,400 PSI, which is much higher than HFC systems
  • Is more expensive than HFC systems
  • Is not yet commercially available in most U.S. applications
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Comparison with other HPWH

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The CO2 technology presented today is different from currently available HPWH:

  • It has a split system instead of unitary tank and

compressor

  • It takes heat from the outside air instead of

conditioned space or a buffer zone

  • It is more efficient than the HFC unitary systems
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Lab Testing Performed at Cascade Engineering, Redmond, WA Analysis and Slides Prepared by Ben Larson, Ecotope Inc.

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Sanden Split-System CO2 HPWH Lab Findings

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Outdoor unit in the controlled test

  • chamber. The fluid lines connecting

this to the tank are filled with potable water. Indoor tank instrumented in laboratory

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Laboratory

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Equipment currently built and sold in Australia

  • Outdoor Unit Model: GAU-A45HPA
  • Power Input: 240V, 15 A circuit
  • Tank Model: GAU-315EQTA
  • Storage Capacity: 315L (83.2 gallons)
  • Tank Set Point: 65°C (149°F) – not adjustable

Outdoor unit has a variable frequency drive compressor and fan. Water is heated at the outdoor unit. A pump circulates water from the bottom of the tank, to the outdoor unit heat exchanger, heating the water in

  • ne pass, and re-injecting the hot water near the top of the tank.

No resistance heating element

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Quick Specifications

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Custom Temperature Probe

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COP Test

TC6 TC5 TC4 TC3 TC2 TC1

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1-Hour Test

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24-Hour Simulated Test

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Performance vs. Temperature

  • Linear fit of EF to

temperature

  • Use TMY temperature bins to

calculate an annual EF:

y = 0.0331x + 1.1958 1 2 3 4 5 20 40 60 80 100 Energy Factor Outside Temperature (F)

Performance vs. Outside Temperature

Climate Annual EF Boise 2.9 Kalispell 2.6 Portland 3.0 Seattle 2.9 Spokane 2.8 Outside Air Temperature (F) Energy Factor (EF) COP Output Capacity (kW) Input Power (kW) 17 1.74 2.1 4.0 1.9 35 2.21 2.75 3.6 1.3 50 3.11 3.7 4.0 1.1 67 3.35 4.2 4.1 0.97 95 4.3 5.0 4.6 0.93

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Shower Test

  • Provides 7.5

showers of 8 min. at 120°F before

  • utlet temperature

drops.

  • We reduce hot

water flow to compensate for higher stored

  • temperature. This

assumes a tempering valve will be used. Has the effect of increasing storage capacity and # showers delivered.

Outlet drops below useful temperature 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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Tank UA: 4 Btu/hr-F

  • Comparable to other 80 gallon HPWH tanks

Compressor Cutoff: Sanden reports operation at -4°F

  • WSU has field results to -14 F

Calculated Northern Climate Specification EF: 3.2

  • NC Spec requires EF>2.4 for Tier 3

First Hour Rating Test: 97.8 gallons Number of Efficient Showers: 7.5 Tank Storage Volume: 83.2 gallons Sound Level: 48 dBA at 3ft away, 2ft high

  • Current integrated HPWHs typically range 55-65 dBA
  • NC Spec requires dBA < 55

Lab Test Outputs & Summary Data

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Tacoma Installation

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Research Questions

  • How do these systems perform through the range of

temperature and humidity conditions at the test site locations?

  • What are the energy savings compared to the energy

use with electric resistance water heaters used at the test sites during the previous two or more years?

  • What are the operational profiles of these systems?

How are these profiles impacted by site and use specifics?

  • How do the home occupants respond to these

systems?

Field Test Plan

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Lab Test Results Reviewed (September 2013) Installation Data Collected: October - March Mid-Term Report (April 2014) Installation Data Collection: April-July Draft Report (August 2014) Final Field Study Report (May 2015)

Provisional UES Measure to RTF (late 2014/early 2015)

SG2 SG3 SG4

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Project Timeline

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TIP 262 PNNL:

Demonstration of 2nd generation prototype ducted GE “Brillion” hybrid in the Lab Homes

  • Performance with ducted exhaust
  • Performance with ducted supply & exhaust
  • Demand response characteristics

TIP 263 EPRI:

Development of next-generation HPWH

  • Modeling
  • Prototyping
  • Laboratory testing

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Current BPA HPWH Research

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TIP 302 WSU:

Assessment of Demand Response Potential of HPWH – Sanden CO2 split and unitary systems

  • Lab and field testing

Website for more information on TI projects:

http://www.bpa.gov/Doing%20Business/TechnologyInnovation/Pages/Technology- Innovation-Projects.aspx

Current BPA HPWH Research

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Kacie Bedney, PE Project Manager (COTR) Bonneville Power Administration 503.230.4631 kcbedney@bpa.gov Ken Eklund Building Science & Standards Team Lead WSU Energy Program 360.956.2019 eklundk@energy.wsu.edu

Contacts & Questions

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Next Webinars

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Wednesday, February 12, 2014 at noon PST Topic TBD Register at www.e3tnw.org/webinars More information about emerging technologies:

E3T database: www.e3tnw.org E3T Program: www.bpa.gov/energy/n/emerging_technology/ Conduit: www.ConduitNW.org

THE E3T TEAM WISHES YOU

A HAPPY NEW YEAR!