E3 E3T Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies Advanced Heat Pump Water Heater Research Emerging Technologies Showcase January 8, 2014 Ken Eklund, Building Science & Standards Team Lead WSU Energy Program Welcome. Today’s webinar is being recorded and will be posted at: • www.E3Tnw.org • www.ConduitNW.org
Showcase Highlights • Current Research Project Description • Technology Overview • Laboratory Tests and Results • Field Installation and Research Plan • Project Timeline • Existing Projects • Contacts • Q&A E3 E3T Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies
Pacific Northwest CO 2 HPWH Research • Lab test of Sanden French manufactured unitary 40 gallon HPWH (sponsored by NEEA) • Lab test of Sanden Australian manufactured split 84 gallon HPWH (sponsored by BPA) • Field test of 84 gallon split begun with Tacoma Power on October 14 th (sponsored by BPA). Field tests in Montana, Portland and Spokane scheduled • Demand Response assessment of Sanden unitary and split systems currently underway (sponsored by BPA) E3T E3 Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies 3
BPA Project Team Research Led by WSU Energy Program (TIP 292) Ken Eklund, Principal Investigator David Hales, Field Monitoring Installation Laboratory Test Ben Larson, Ecotope, Test Manager and Analyst Kumar Banerjee, Cascade Engineering, Lab Test Director Field Installation Mark Jerome, CLEAResult (formerly Fluid MS), System Installation Coordinator Funding Provided by BPA Kacie Bedney, Project Manager E3 E3T E3T E3 Energy Energy Efficiency Efficiency Emerging Technologies Emerging Technologies 4
Project Overview • CO 2 refrigerant Heat Pump Water Heater manufactured by Sanden International • Lab test to DOE and Northern Climate Specification • Field test in partnership with: Avista Heating Zone 2 Energy Trust of Oregon Heating Zone 1 Ravalli Electric Coop Heating Zone 3 Tacoma Power Heating Zone 1 – One install in each territory. 12-18 month monitoring. • NEEA is also a contributing partner E3T E3T E3 E3 Energy Energy Efficiency Efficiency Emerging Technologies Emerging Technologies 5
CO 2 Refrigerant Carbon dioxide operates as a refrigerant when in a supercritical state between gas and liquid. Advantages: • Operates effectively across a wide temperature range • Has a Global Warming Potential of 1 compared to 1,000 to 2,000 for HFCs Disadvantages: • Operates at 1,400 PSI, which is much higher than HFC systems • Is more expensive than HFC systems • Is not yet commercially available in most U.S. applications E3 E3T Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies 6
Comparison with other HPWH The CO 2 technology presented today is different from currently available HPWH: • It has a split system instead of unitary tank and compressor • It takes heat from the outside air instead of conditioned space or a buffer zone • It is more efficient than the HFC unitary systems E3 E3T E3T E3 Energy Energy Efficiency Efficiency Emerging Technologies Emerging Technologies 7
Sanden Split-System CO 2 HPWH Lab Findings Lab Testing Performed at Cascade Engineering, Redmond, WA Analysis and Slides Prepared by Ben Larson, Ecotope Inc . E3 E3T E3T E3 Energy Energy Efficiency Efficiency Emerging Technologies Emerging Technologies 8
Laboratory Outdoor unit in the controlled test Indoor tank instrumented in chamber. The fluid lines connecting laboratory this to the tank are filled with potable water. E3 E3T Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies 9
Quick Specifications Equipment currently built and sold in Australia • Outdoor Unit Model: GAU-A45HPA • Power Input: 240V, 15 A circuit • Tank Model: GAU-315EQTA • Storage Capacity: 315L (83.2 gallons) • Tank Set Point: 65°C (149°F) – not adjustable Outdoor unit has a variable frequency drive compressor and fan. Water is heated at the outdoor unit. A pump circulates water from the bottom of the tank, to the outdoor unit heat exchanger, heating the water in one pass, and re-injecting the hot water near the top of the tank. No resistance heating element E3T E3T E3 E3 Energy Energy Efficiency Efficiency Emerging Technologies Emerging Technologies 10
Custom Temperature Probe E3 E3T Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies
COP Test TC6 TC5 TC4 TC3 TC2 TC1 E3 E3T Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies 12
1-Hour Test E3 E3T Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies 13
24-Hour Simulated Test E3 E3T Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies 14
Performance vs. Temperature Outside Energy Factor Output Capacity Input Power COP Air Temperature (F) (EF) (kW) (kW) 17 1.74 2.1 4.0 1.9 35 2.21 2.75 3.6 1.3 50 3.11 3.7 4.0 1.1 67 3.35 4.2 4.1 0.97 95 4.3 5.0 4.6 0.93 Performance vs. Outside Temperature • Linear fit of EF to 5 temperature • Use TMY temperature bins to 4 calculate an annual EF: Energy Factor 3 y = 0.0331x + 1.1958 Climate Annual EF 2 Boise 2.9 1 Kalispell 2.6 0 Portland 3.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Seattle 2.9 Outside Temperature (F) Spokane 2.8 E3T E3 Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies 15
Shower Test • Provides 7.5 showers of 8 min. at 120°F before outlet temperature drops. 4 3 5 7 • 6 We reduce hot 1 water flow to 2 compensate for higher stored temperature. This assumes a tempering valve will be used. Has the effect of increasing storage capacity and # showers delivered. Outlet drops below useful temperature E3T E3 Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies 16
Lab Test Outputs & Summary Data Tank UA: 4 Btu/hr-F • Comparable to other 80 gallon HPWH tanks Compressor Cutoff: Sanden reports operation at -4°F • WSU has field results to -14 F Calculated Northern Climate Specification EF: 3.2 • NC Spec requires EF>2.4 for Tier 3 First Hour Rating Test: 97.8 gallons Number of Efficient Showers: 7.5 Tank Storage Volume: 83.2 gallons Sound Level: 48 dBA at 3ft away, 2ft high • Current integrated HPWHs typically range 55-65 dBA • NC Spec requires dBA < 55 E3 E3T E3T E3 Energy Energy Efficiency Efficiency Emerging Technologies Emerging Technologies 17
Tacoma Installation E3 E3T Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies 18
Field Test Plan Research Questions • How do these systems perform through the range of temperature and humidity conditions at the test site locations? • What are the energy savings compared to the energy use with electric resistance water heaters used at the test sites during the previous two or more years? • What are the operational profiles of these systems? How are these profiles impacted by site and use specifics? • How do the home occupants respond to these systems? E3 E3T E3T E3 Energy Energy Efficiency Efficiency Emerging Technologies Emerging Technologies 19
Project Timeline Lab Test Results Reviewed (September 2013) SG2 Installation Data Collected: October - March Mid-Term Report (April 2014) SG3 Installation Data Collection: April-July Draft Report (August 2014) SG4 Final Field Study Report (May 2015) Provisional UES Measure to RTF (late 2014/early 2015) E3 E3 E3T E3T Energy Energy Efficiency Efficiency Emerging Technologies Emerging Technologies 20
Current BPA HPWH Research TIP 262 PNNL: Demonstration of 2 nd generation prototype ducted GE “Brillion” hybrid in the Lab Homes • Performance with ducted exhaust • Performance with ducted supply & exhaust • Demand response characteristics TIP 263 EPRI: Development of next-generation HPWH • Modeling • Prototyping • Laboratory testing E3 E3T E3 E3T Energy Energy Efficiency Efficiency Emerging Technologies Emerging Technologies 21
Current BPA HPWH Research TIP 302 WSU: Assessment of Demand Response Potential of HPWH – Sanden CO 2 split and unitary systems • Lab and field testing Website for more information on TI projects: http://www.bpa.gov/Doing%20Business/TechnologyInnovation/Pages/Technology- Innovation-Projects.aspx E3 E3 E3T E3T Energy Energy Efficiency Efficiency Emerging Technologies Emerging Technologies
Contacts & Questions Kacie Bedney , PE Project Manager (COTR) Bonneville Power Administration 503.230.4631 kcbedney@bpa.gov Ken Eklund Building Science & Standards Team Lead WSU Energy Program 360.956.2019 eklundk@energy.wsu.edu E3 E3T E3T E3 Energy Energy Efficiency Efficiency Emerging Technologies Emerging Technologies 23
Next Webinars Wednesday, February 12, 2014 at noon PST Topic TBD Register at www.e3tnw.org/webinars More information about emerging technologies : E3T database: www.e3tnw.org E3T Program: www.bpa.gov/energy/n/emerging_technology/ Conduit: www.ConduitNW.org T HE E3T TEAM WISHES YOU A HAPPY NEW YEAR ! E3T E3 Energy Efficiency Emerging Technologies 24
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