E nte rprise Surve y in Ga rme nt a nd Ag ro -fo o d pro c e - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
E nte rprise Surve y in Ga rme nt a nd Ag ro -fo o d pro c e ssing Se c to rs in Ya ng o n a nd Mo n Sta te Co nduc te d By Ministry o f L a b o r, E mplo yme nt a nd So c ia l Se c urity(Mo L E S) a nd Mya nma r De ve lo pme nt Re so
Co nduc te d By Ministry o f L a b o r, E mplo yme nt a nd So c ia l Se c urity(Mo L E S) a nd Mya nma r De ve lo pme nt Re so urc e Institute -Ce nte r fo r E c o no mic a nd So c ia l De ve lo pme nt(MDRI
SD)
Surve y o b je c tive s Sampling Surve y time line Surve y q ue stio nnaire Pre liminary finding s ( e mplo yme nt and so c ial se c urity
se c tio n)
Pre liminary po lic y re c o mme ndatio ns Challe ng e s F
urthe r analysis
T
c o nstra ints o f the Mya nma r la b o r ma rke t
I
de ntify e mplo ye rs' de ma nd fo r wo rke rs (spe c ific
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de ntify the ma rke t fa ilure s tha t mig ht e xist in c re dit a nd info rma tio n a c c e ss, te c hno lo g ic a l a c q uisitio n a nd the g a p b e twe e n la b o ur ma rke t de ma nd a nd supply
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de ntify tra ining a nd skills ne e de d fo r e mplo ye e s
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de ntify me a ns o f de ve lo ping the c a pa c ity o f e mplo ye e s to impro ve pro duc tivity
Unde rsta nd e mplo ye rs a wa re ne ss a nd pe rc e ptio n o f the So c ia l
Se c urity Sc he me
fo rma l g a rme nt a nd fo o d pro c e ssing industrie s a va ila b le fro m:
Mya nma r Ga rme nt Asso c ia tio n (MGMA) Mya nma r F
ishe rie s F e de ra tio n (MF F )
Industria l Ma na g e me nt Co mmitte e Ministry o f L
a b o r, E mplo yme nt a nd So c ia l Se c urity
No. Ac tivitie s T ime Pe r iod 1
Surve y me tho d a nd q ue stio nna ire s de ve lo pme nt Ma rc h to Ma y 2015
2
Pre -te sting pe rio d June 2015
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Ac tua l surve y da ta c o lle c tio n pe rio d July 2015 to Oc to b e r 2015
4
Sa mple size (numb e r o f firms c o nta c te d ) 205
5
Numb e r o f firm fro m Ya ng o n Re g io n 171
6
Numb e r o f firm fro m Mo n Sta te 34
7
Numb e r o f firms re spo nde d 198
8
Numb e r o f firms re fuse d to re spo nd 7
Surve y q ue stio nna ire s we re de ve lo pe d b a se d o n sa mple e nte rprise surve ys
fro m o the r c o untrie s, with inputs fro m Mo L E S a nd funding fro m IDRC Ca na da .
Surve y Que stio nna ire divide d into (Pa rt I a nd Pa rt II
)
Pa r
t I Ge ne r
a l F ir m’s Infor ma tion
Sa le a nd E
xpo rt (3 ye a rs)
Pro d uc tio n a nd Inputs E
mployme nt a nd Huma n Re sour c e s
F
a ir T r e a tme nt for Wor ke r s
T
e c hnolog y a nd Innova tion
ASE
AN E c o no mic Co mmunity (AE C)
Utiliza tio n o f F
re e T ra d e Ag re e me nt
Ba r
r ie r s a nd Cha lle ng e s
Gove r
nme nt Suppor ts
Risk a nd Pre fe re nc e
Par t II
F ixe d Asse ts Pro duc tio n Co st da ta
F IRM SIZE INDUST RY (ISIC CODE ) Sma ll
(1-300)
Me diu m
(301- 600)
L a rg e
(600+)
T
Sha re in tota l No. No. No. No.
ACT URE OF F OOD PRODUCT S
81 5 3 89
45%
ACT URE OF WE ARING APPARE L
32 23 47 102
52%
ACT URE OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCT S
1 1 2
1%
ACT URE OF PAPE R AND PAPE R PRODUCT S
1 1
1%
HE R MANUF ACT URING
3 3
2% T OT AL NUMBE R 118 29 50 197 SHARE IN T OT AL 60% 14% 26% 100%
INDUST RY ME MBE R OF BUSINE SS ASSOCIAT ION F IRMS WIT H F ORE IGN OWNE RSHIP AVE RAGE
WORKE RS PE R F IRM F IRMS T HAT E XPORT
ACT URE OF F OOD PRODUCT S
70% 3% 105 27%
ACT URE OF WE ARING APPARE L
97% 59% 657 84%
T OT AL (INCL . PAPE R, WOOD AND OT HE R)
84% 32% 391 61%
INDUST RY <=5 ye ar s 5<age <20 ys. > 20 ye ar s Ave r age age (in ye ar s)
ACT URE OF F OOD PRODUCT S
15 58 16 15.2
ACT URE OF WE ARING APPARE L
57 42 3 7.4
AL L SURVE Y F IRMS
75 101 21 11.1
8
43% 57%
F irm with la b o r a sso c ia tio n F irm witho ut la b o r a sso c ia tio n
Share of firms signing e mployme nt c ontrac ts with the ir e mploye e s
74% 26%
F irm use e mplo yme nt c o ntra c t F irmd o n't use e mplo yme nt c o ntra c t
Share of firms using a pay slip syste m
76% 24%
F irm use pa y slip syste m F irm d o n't use pa y slip syste m
Shar e of fir ms (in % ) that…
Saw at le ast one e mploye e r e sign in 2014
90.5
L abor tur nove r r ate
Ave r age shar e in fir m’s total wor kfor c e of wor ke r s who le ft the fir m in 2014
49%
Ave r age shar e of r e signe d wor ke r s in fir m’s total wor kfor c e
43%
21% 42% 37%
Shar e of fir ms that...
I nc re a se d the ir wo rkfo rc e in 2014 Ha d a sta b le wo rkfo rc e in 2014 Re duc e d the ir wo rkfo rc e in 2014
100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 Pla nt o pe ra to rs Se rvic e wo rke rs Ma na g e rs
Ave rage monthly wage s paid in individual fac torie s (in Kyat)
Monthly min. wa g e (~83,160 Kya t) 34% be low MW r a te 42% be low MW r a te 2% be low MW r a te
100,000 150,000 200,000
Basic monthly wage s paid in individual fac tor ie s (in Kyat)
Monthly min. wa g e (~83,160 Kya t)
Ave r age shar e (in % ) in total labor c osts of…
Ba sic wa g e 51.8 Ove r time
15.4
Atte nda nc e
9.8
Pr
8.1
Skill bonus
5.1
Se r vic e bonus / se nior ity
4.8
Housing a nd tr a nspor ta tion a llowa nc e
1.4
L unc h a llowa nc e
0.8
Othe r
2.9
T OT AL
100.0
Sha re of firms whe re the following ite ms a re on the pa y slip… Ba sic wa g e
100%
Ove rtime
93%
Atte nda nc e
92%
Se rvic e bonus / se niority
62%
Produc tion bonus
59%
Skill bonus
66%
Housing a nd tra nsporta tion a llowa nc e
57%
L unc h a llowa nc e
39%
Othe r
7%
Ave r age wor king days pe r we e k
5.9
Ave r age wor king hour s pe r we e k
46.1
Ave r age ove r time pe r we e k (in hour s)
10.4
Ave r age br e ak time pe r day (in minute s)
53.2
Ave r age numbe r
we e k
1.0
Ma nufa c ture of food produc ts Ma nufa c ture of we a ring a ppa re l No forma l e duc a tion
3% 2%
Prima ry e duc a tion
9% 0%
Voc a tiona l/ diploma
0% 2%
Se c onda ry
29% 18%
Unive rsity
59% 78%
30% 13% 15% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Large Enterprises SMEs Total
Percentage o
repo porting ng e expe pend nditur ures on traini ning ng for w r workers
Training provided to workers No training provided to workers
23
NO YE S SMAL L
63% 37%
ME DIUM
61% 39%
L ARGE
78% 22%
T OT AL
69% 31%
INT RODUCE D A NE W PRODUCT INT RODUCE D A NE W SE RVICE No Ye s No Ye s
ACT URE OF F OOD PRODUCT S
62% 38% 67% 33%
ACT URE OF WE ARING APPARE L
87% 13% 90% 10%
OVE RAL L(AL LINDUST RIE S)
75% 25% 78% 22%
Intr
se r vic e dur ing 2012- 2014
24
NUMBE R OF F ORE IGN E MPL OYE E S 1 2 3 4 5 to 10 11 a nd a bove None MANAGE RS AND PROF E SSIONAL S
10.6% 6.1% 2.0% 1.0% 3.5% 1.0% 75.8%
E NGINE E RS AND T E CHNICIANS
7.1% 3.5% 1.5% 2.0% 6.5% 2.5% 76.8%
SUPE RVISORY AND CL E RICAL
2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% 1.5% 95.5%
PL ANT AND MACHINE OPE RAT ORS AND ASSE MBL E RS
0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 99.5%
Shar e of fir ms e mploying for e ign staff in diffe r e nt oc c upations
25
Shar e of fir ms r e giste r e d to the Soc ial Se c ur ity Boar d (SBB) 96.7% Ave r age shar e of wor ke r s who have soc ial se c ur ity c ar d
78.2%
Ave r age c ontr ibution to SBB in Kyat*
18,329,159
Shar e of fir ms indic ating that SSB c ontr ibutions ar e a bur de n for the m
42.3%
Shar e of fir ms indic ating that SSB pr
vic e to the ir e mploye e s
50.9%
Shar e of fir ms indic ating that SSB se r vic e s have impr
73.1%
Shar e of fir ms indic ating that an Une mployme nt Be ne fit Sc he me would be use ful
71.0%
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0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 E xpo rt/ Impo rt L ic e nsing Ma rke t Ac c e ss Busine ss L ic e nsing a nd pe rmits Custo ms a nd tra de re g ula tio ns Pra c tic e s o f c o mpe titio n in info rma l se c to r Ac c e ss to te c hno lo g y Ac c e ss to fina nc e T a x Administra tio n T a x ra te s L a b o ur re g ula tio ns Ac c e ss to te le c o mmunic a tio n Co rruptio n Ac c e ss to la nd T ra nspo rt Po litic a l Insta b ility Ac c e ss to e le c tric ity Ina de q ua te ly e duc a te d wo rkfo rc e
Ma jo r o b sta c le s to firms' o pe ra tio ns (Ave rag e sc o re , with:1=no o b stac le - 5=ve ry se ve re o b stac le )
Dur ing Sur ve y Pr
We a k c o o pe ra tio n fro m fa c to ry o wne rs/ ma ng e rs a nd re pre se nta tive s
L
Due to lac k of tr ust
L imitations
Ca n o nly a nswe r fro m firm le ve l pe rspe c tive (impo rta nc e o f la b o r fo rc e surve y!)
Ca n’ t g ive the po lic y so lutio ns o n la b o r ma rke t issue s b e yo nd find ing s fro m surve y fig ure s
Diffic ult to c a lc ula te firm pro d uc tivity b e c a use o f inc o mple te a nd unre lia b le d a ta
F ur the r analysis
L a b o r’ s pe rspe c tive (la b o r fo rc e surve y!): d e te rmina nts o f pro d uc tivity, e a rning s, e tc .
Re turn mig ra tio n in ind ustria l zo ne s: c a se stud y; fe a sib ility to sc a le up? Cha nne l fo r skill tra nsfe r?
Mig ra tio n to / fro m Mo n Sta te : c a use s & c o nse q ue nc e s, pull & push fa c to rs
F ir ms Contac te d for Gar me nt Se c tor F ir ms Contac te d for F
Pr
F ir ms Contac te d for Othe r Se c tor s T
F ir ms
Pa rt I Re spo nse Pa rt II Re spo nse T
F irms Pa rt I Re spo nse Pa rt II Re spo nse T
F irms Pa rt I Re spo nse Pa rt II Re spo nse
120
102
32
93 90
73
6 6
4
1. Re duc e labor tur nove r r ate s Pro mo te / e nfo rc e usa g e o f e mplo yme nt c o ntra c ts E nc o ura g e / suppo rt e sta b lishme nt o f g rie va nc e syste ms within firms, a nd impro ve me nts in wo rking c o nditio ns & wo rking ho urs 2. Suppor t human c apital de ve lopme nt F
Pub lic e duc a tio n syste m; suppo rt fo r priva te se c to r initia tive s (e .g .
te c hnic a l a nd vo c a tio na l tra ining c e nte rs, e .g . in industria l zo ne s) 3. Soc ial dialogue , industr ial r e lations, c olle c tive bar gaining
Stre ng the n la b o r re pre se nta tio n (le g a l, e duc a tio na l,…) Suppo rt e sta b lishme nt o f dia lo g ue me c ha nisms
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4. Minimum wage c omplianc e E nfo rc e me nt: sc a le up inspe c tio ns to e nsure c o mplia nc e b ut a lso to le ve l the pla ying fie ld Suppo rt firms to mitig a te impa c t: re duc e o ve rtime pa yme nt ra te (? ), he lp firms re duc e o the r la b o r c o sts (e .g . tra nspo rta tio n, e tc .) a s we ll a s no n-la b o r c o sts (e .g . utilitie s, la nd le a se , e tc .) 5. Br anding of “Made in Myanmar ” pro duc ts a s the fruits o f de c e nt wo rk, with Mo L E S a t the fo re fro nt b ut in c o o pe ra tio n with b usine ss se c to r a nd po ssib ly a lso Mo C, a s c o mplia nc e with la b o r sta nda rds is impo rta nt in We ste rn ma rke ts 6. Pr
e tur n migr ation of (se mi- )skille d Myanmar labor wor king abr
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7. Imple me ntation of soc ial se c ur ity sc he me Pro mo te unive rsa l imple me nta tio n (fo r le ve l pla ying fie ld) I mpro ve o ffe ring s o f he a lth se rvic e s I nc re a se purc ha sing po we r o f wa g e s b y re duc ing wo rke rs’ o ut-o f- po c ke t he a lth e xpe nditure s 8. E nc our age r e gistr ation and for malization of fir ms I nc re a se c o ve ra g e o f la b o r la ws Re duc e c o mpe titio n disto rtio ns a nd inc re a se ta x re ve nue s …re q uire s c ro ss-ministry c o lla b o ra tio n
34
Sha re o f firm b y o wne rship type
71% 22% 6% 0% 0% 1%
Sole proprietor Parntership Private Limited Public Limited Cooperative Other
F irms with b usine ss re g istra tio n
86% 8% 6%
Firm have Business Registration Firmm have Business Registration No Response
E MAIL USE WE BSIT E ONL INE PURCHASE S ONL INE SAL E S ONL INE MARKE T ING ONL INE PAYME NT ICT USE
HE R SMAL L
24% 8% 2% 4% 2% 2% 4%
ME DIUM
78% 20% 2% 4% 2% 6% 10%
L ARGE
95% 30% 2% 2% 1% 5% 2%
ICT USE SCORE SMAL L ME DIUM L ARGE
DOME ST IC F 0RE IGN- INVE ST E D F OOD PRODUCE RS
APPARE L PRODUCE RS T OT AL
73% 20% 0% 37% 2% 49% 6% 24%
1
18% 55% 69% 41% 73% 27% 72% 52%
2
4% 16% 27% 15% 24% 16% 20% 18%
3
0% 6% 1% 3% 0% 4% 0% 2%
4
2% 2% 1% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2%
5
0% 2% 1% 2% 0% 2% 0% 1%
6
2% 0% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 1%
37
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% I n-ho use R&D Outso urc e d R&D Ac q uisitio n o f ma c hine ry/ e q uipme nt Ac q uisitio n o f e xte rna l kno wle dg e
F irms re porting e xpe nditure s on…
All firms SME s L a rg e E nte rprise s
38