Disease Managem ent in No-till W heat System s Bob Hunger - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Disease Managem ent in No-till W heat System s Bob Hunger - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 13, 2023 512 likes •809 views

Disease Managem ent in No-till W heat System s Bob Hunger Extension W heat Pathologist Oklahom a State University Dr. Bob Hunger Department of Entomology & State Extension Wheat Pathologist Plant Pathology 405 744 9958 127 Noble

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SLIDE 1
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

Bob Hunger Extension W heat Pathologist Oklahom a State University

Disease Managem ent in No-till W heat System s

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SLIDE 2
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

  • Regulatory; quarantine, inspections, etc
  • Physical; tem perature, radiation, etc
  • Biological; use one organism to control another
  • Genetic; genetic resistance
  • Cultural; planting date, crop rotation,

tillage/ residue m anagem ent

  • Chem ical; seed treatm ents to facilitate

stand establishm ent & foliar fungicides to help protect existing yield potential

Many m ethods are available to m anage w heat diseases

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SLIDE 3
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

Disease Control - Genetic Resistance

Soilborne m osaic resistant Soilborne m osaic susceptible

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SLIDE 4
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

Disease Control – Cultural

Planting Date

Late planted w heat Early planted w heat – total loss due to w heat streak m osaic & high plains

  • C. Rush, Texas A&M
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SLIDE 5
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

No-till im pacts disease incidence/ severity via increased residue on soil surface that affects pathogen inoculum and/ or alters the soil environm ent ( m oisture/ tem perature)

Photo credit: Oklahoma Conservation Commission

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SLIDE 6
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

Effect from No-till & I ncreased Residue

Tan spot – Septoria – Pow dery m ildew

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SLIDE 7
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

Som e Diseases – No or little effect

Leaf rust Loose smut WSBM & WSSMV WSMV Common bunt

Courtesy Dr. Jeff Edw ards, OkSU

Stripe rust

Courtesy Guy Padgett, LSU

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SLIDE 8
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

Photo credit: extension.entm .purdue.edu

No-till ( high residue) decreases incidence/ severity

  • f som e diseases such as barley yellow dw arf

Increased residue is less attractive to aphids that transmit BYDV

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SLIDE 9
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

Straw breaker foot/ root rot ( eyespot) is decreased due to residue inhibiting spore dispersal to seedlings

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SLIDE 10
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

Dryland root rot is decreased because the soil environm ent becom es m ore cool and m oist

Dryland root rot caused by Fusarium

Courtesy of Dr.

  • B. Bow den,

USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS

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SLIDE 11

ROOT DI SEASES Sharp eyespot ( Rhizoctonia root rot) and Pythium root rot are increased due to the soil environm ent becom ing m ore cool/ m oist & inoculum is increased

Sharp eyespot caused by Rhizoctonia Poor seedling stand due to Pythium root rot

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SLIDE 12
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

Sharp eyespot caused by Rhizoctonia Poor seedling stand due to Pythium root rot

Sharp eyespot ( Rhizoctonia root rot) and Pythium root rot are increased due to the soil environm ent becom ing m ore cool/ m oist & inoculum is increased

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SLIDE 13
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

Take-all root rot is increased because the soil environm ent becom es m ore cool/ m oist & inoculum is increased

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SLIDE 14
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

Effect of seed treatm ents on ground cover in Oklahom a in 2 0 0 9

% GC 1 4 DAP % GC 3 1 DAP % GC 4 5 DAP 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 % Ground cover

  • Drs. Jeff Edw ards & Hunger, OkSU
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SLIDE 15
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

Yield response to Raxil and Gaucho seed treatm ents in Oklahom a in 2 0 0 8

Kingfisher 2 0 0 8 Cherokee 2 0 0 8 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 Untreated Raxil Gaucho XT Yield ( bu/ acre)

  • Dr. Jeff Edw ards, OkSU
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SLIDE 16
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

Pow dery m ildew , tan spot, and Septoria are increased because inoculum from w heat residue

Powdery mildew Septoria leaf blotch Tan spot

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SLIDE 17
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

Tan spot severity as affected by m anagem ent practices, cultivars, & fungicide

Fungicide applied No fungicide 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0

2 1 4 5 = Susceptible Overley = Moderately Resis

% tan spot severity

Carignano, et al. 2 0 0 8 . Agron. J. 1 0 0 :1 4 5 -1 5 3

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SLIDE 18
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

Crop Rotation is helpful w ith No-till

  • I f do not rotate crops in a no-till system , there

likely w ill be problem s over tim e w ith tan spot, septoria, pow dery m ildew , etc

  • Even w ith rotation, a disease such as Fusarium

head blight can occur in a w heat-corn rotation

Fusarium head blight (aka scab)

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SLIDE 19
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

W heat-Sorghum Rotation Affects Tan Spot Severity

Plow Chisel No-till 2 0 0 4 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 4 0 0 1 6 0 0 AUDPC m easure of tan spot severity)

Bockus & Claassen. 1 9 9 2 .

  • Agron. J. 1 0 0 :1 4 5 -1 5 3
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SLIDE 20
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

W heat-Sorghum Rotation Affect on Yield

Plow Chisel No-till 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 W heat yield ( bu/ acre)

Bockus & Claassen. 1 9 9 2 .

  • Agron. J. 1 0 0 :1 4 5 -1 5 3
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SLIDE 21

W heat Foliar Fungicides in Oklahom a

( Not all are yet labeled for use on w heat)

Rate PHI A Product ( oz/ A) ( days/ GS) TRI AZOLE Tilt – Syngenta 4 1 0 .5 Alto – Syngenta 3 .0 -5 .5 3 0 Folicur – Bayer CropScience 4 3 0 Prosaro – Bayer CropScience 6 .5 -8 .2 3 0 STROBI LURI N Headline - BASF 6 .0 -9 .0 1 0 .5 Evito – Arysta LifeScience 2 -4 4 0 Aproach – DuPont 6 -1 2 4 5 , 1 4 , 7 / 1 0 .5 straw , hay, forage MI XTURES Quilt - Syngenta 1 4 4 5 / 1 0 .5 Quilt Xcel - Syngenta 1 0 .5 -1 4 3 0 Stratego – Bayer CropScience 1 0 3 5 Stratego YLD – Bayer CropScience 4 3 5 Tw inLine – BASF 7 -9 3 0 / 1 0 .5 Priaxor – BASF ?? ?? PYRAZOLE – AMI DE &/ or MI XED Vertisan - DuPont ?? ??

APHI = pre-harvest interval; num ber of days required betw een last application & harvest

This inform ation is provided

  • nly as a guide. I t is the

responsibility of the pesticide applicator by law to read and follow all current label

  • directions. No endorsem ent is

intended for products listed, nor is criticism m eant for products not listed.

Generics are available for Tilt and Folicur

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SLIDE 22
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

Effect from No-till & I ncreased Residue

Tan spot – Septoria – Pow dery m ildew

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SLIDE 23

Split Application of a Fungicide – on spring wheat in North Dakota

 Yield increases of 2-7

bushels IF environment favorable for disease; greater return if have wheat stubble present and the it is a susceptible variety

  • Dr. Marsha McMullen, North Dakota St. Univ
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SLIDE 24

Split Application of a Fungicide

4-5 leaf Stage = Feekes 2 Tillering stage

  • Dr. Marsha McMullen, North Dakota St. Univ
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SLIDE 25
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

20 40 60 80 100 120 No Fung Avg 4 SA Avg 20 others PM LR32DAA LR38 DAA

Disease Severity (%)

PM=powdery mildew LR=leaf rust

2 0 1 5 Split Application Fungicide for W heat Disease Control

‐Fungicides applied on 10‐Apr (GS 10) ‐PM rated on 29‐Apr ‐LR read on 12‐May (32DAA) and 18‐May (38DAA)

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SLIDE 26
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 No fungicide Avg 4 SA Avg 20 others Yield TW

2 0 1 5 Split Application Fungicide for W heat Yield & TW

Yield (bu/A) & TW (lb/bu)

‐TW no difference between SA & boot ‐Yield from SA treatments averaged 8% greater

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SLIDE 27
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

Year Application type Yield (bu/ac) TW (lb/bu) Yield increase 2015 Split applcn (4) 88 59.8 8% Other (20) 81 59.6 2014 Split applcn (4) 57 59.3 7% Other (17) 53 57.9 2013 Split applcn (3) 88 61.7 1% Other (17) 87 61.2

Increase in Yield & TW from Split Fungicide Application

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SLIDE 28
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University

Sum m ary of Effects of Tillage on W heat Diseases

  • No- or low -till increases residue that affects disease by:
  • increasing pathogen inoculum
  • altering the soil environm ent ( cooler, m ore m oist soil)
  • Rotate crops and have a plan for the rotation
  • generally a rotation to a legum e is best
  • Consider reactions of varieties to diseases
  • e.g., a variety w ith som e resistance to tan spot, septoria, etc.
  • Use a seed treatm ent to help stand establishm ent
  • Use fungicide to help m anage foliar diseases, especially

in continuous w heat

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SLIDE 29
  • Dr. Bob Hunger

State Extension Wheat Pathologist 405‐744‐9958 Bob.hunger@okstate.edu Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology 127 Noble Research Ctr Oklahoma State University