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HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIJATOMITI U HRVATSKOJ: NJIHOV POTENCIJAL KAO PRIRODNI INSEKTICID DIATOMITE IN CROATIA: THEIR POTENTIAL AS NATURAL INSECTICIDE Ines Galović 1 , Josip Halamić 1 , Vlatka Rozman 2 , Zlatko Korunić 3 , Anita Liška 2 , Renata Baličević 2 , Pavo Lucić 2 1 Hrvatski geološki institut, Sachsova 2, 10000 Zagreb, Republika Hrvatska 2 Poljoprivredni fakultet u Osijeku, Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Kralja Petra Svačića 1d, 31000 Osijek, RH 3 Diatom Research and Consulting Inc., 14 Tidefal Dr. Toronto, ON, MW 1J2, Canada www.diacromixpest.eu

HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Croatian Science Foundation (HRZZ) - call: IP-11-2013 (three-year research project) Project title: Development of new natural insecticide formulations based on inert dusts and botanicals to replace synthetic, conventional insecticides •Project acronym: DIACROMIXPEST •Project No. IP -11-2013-5570 •Period: from 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2017 •Project leader: Prof. Ph. D. Vlatka Rozman (FoA Osijek)

HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROJECT TEAM Professor Vlatka Rozman Assistant Professor Project leader Anita Liška Professor Josip Halamić Institution: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Osijek Ph. D. Zlatko Korunić Associate Professor Research Associate Pavo Lucić, MSc. Ing. Agr. Renata Baličević Ines Galović

HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY What is diatomite (diatomaceous earth)? Porous, fine-grained siliceous sedimentary rock mainly composed of fossilized (amorphous opaline silica: SiO 2 ·nH 2 O) remains of diatoms formed in marine to freshwater environments of mid-high latitudes. When diatomite is crushed into a powder, it is usually called “diatomaceous earth,” or D.E. http://diatomaceous. org/food-grade- diatomaceous-earth/ http://earthcore.weebly.com/diatomace https://www.flickr.com/photos/rockbandit/169 ous-earth.html 058743/

HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Marine sediments

HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - first diatomites are known from Dolje Localities of potential diatomites in North Croatia. outcrops, Medvednica Mt., based on diatom analyses of diatomaceous tripolite (PANTOCSEK, 1903, JURILJ, 1957, KOCHANSKY-DEVIDE & BAJRAKTAREVIĆ, 1981 i GALOVIĆ & BAJRAKTATRVIĆ, 2006), and Lopatice i Šemnica, Gornja Hrvatsko Zagorje (BAJRAKTAREVIĆ, 1984) - First applied terminology of diatomites GORJANOVIĆ - were used by KRAMBERGER (1908) and Jurilj. - during the investigations for OGK RH 1:50000 from 2000 to 2004. few more outcrops of tripolite (diatomite) was at Medvednice (Markuševec discovered: section), Hrvatsko Zagorje (Crkovec), Plešivice (Jurjevčani) and Požeg a. - The investigations on HRZZ project induced few more potential diatomite outcrops in Banovina and Slavonija.

HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The typical chemical composition of oven-dried diatomaceous earth is 70 to 90% silica, with 2 to 4% alumina (attributed mostly to clay minerals) and 0.5 to 2% iron oxide. Preliminary results on diatom analyses indicate dominance of Coscinodiscus spp., Thalassionema nitzschoides (GRUNOW) MERESCHKOWSKY and resting spores, which dimensions are less than 50 microns.

HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Usage of Diatomaceous Earth DE is used as a filtration aid, mild abrasive in products including metal polishes and toothpaste, mechanical insecticide, absorbent for liquids, matting agent for coatings, reinforcing filler in plastics and rubber, anti-block in plastic films, porous support for chemical catalysts, cat litter, activator in blood clotting studies, a stabilizing component of dynamite, and a thermal insulator.

HRVATSKI GEOLOŠKI INSTITUT CROATIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Acknowledgement Financial support was provided by the Croatian Science Foundation (HRZZ): Scientific research project IP-11-2013- 5570: “Development of new natural insecticide formulations based on inert dusts and botanicals to replace synthetic, conventional insecticides“ www.diacromixpest.eu Thank you for your attention!