[PPT] - DESIGN OF 2014 EXPERIMENTS BO ILING W A TER Pa ve l K o pe le v PowerPoint Presentation

SLIDE 1

BO ILING W A TER

DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

2014

Pa ve l K

pe le v

| Jo hnny Alfo nso

SLIDE 2

INTRODUCTION

Intr

duc tion Outline
Who a re we ?
Ab o ut o ur pro g ra m B.T

e c h

Ab o ut o ur c o urse

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 2

SLIDE 3

JOHNNY ALFONSO

4th Ye a r B.T

e c h Stude nt – Automotive Stre a m

Gra dua te in 646 Ho urs.
Coop
L

ina ma r (Skyja c k), Gue lph

Prog ra m inte re sts
Auto mo b ile s & E

ng ine s

De sig n
Ro b o tic s
Pro je c t Ma na g e me nt
E

xtra c urric ula r

Sno wb o a rding , T

ra ve lling

Pro duc t De ve lo pme nt & Busine ss

SLIDE 4

PAVEL KOPELEV

4th Ye a r B.T

e c h Stude nt – Automotive Stre a m

Coop
Ma g na Se a ting , Mississa ug a
Prog ra m inte re sts
Alte rna tive Ve hic le Po we rtra in Syste ms
Me c ha tro nic s
CAD So ftwa re
Busine ss Ma na g e me nt
E

xtra c urric ula r

Spo rts, Busine ss, T

ra ve lling

SLIDE 5

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

Prog ra m Stre a ms
Auto mo tive & Ve hic le T

e c hno lo g y

Bio te c hno lo g y
Pro c e ss Auto ma tio n T

e c hno lo g y

Diploma s a nd Ce rtific a te s
Ba c he lo r o f T

e c hno lo g y De g re e – Mc Maste r

Adva nc e d Me c h. E

ng . T e c hno lo g y Diplo ma – Mo hawk Co lle g e

Busine ss Ma na g e me nt Ce rtific a te – Mo hawk Co lle g e
T

ime line

4 ye a r de g re e with 12 mo nth c o o p pla c e me nt

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 5

SLIDE 6

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

F
c us
E

ng ine e ring

Busine ss Ma na g e me nt
Ha nd-o n L

a b E xpe rie nc e

Har

d Skills

Ma nufa c turing
CAD De sig n
Pro g ra mming
Soft Skills
T

e a m Wo rk

Pro b le m So lving
Co mmunic a tio n Skills

http:/ / mybte c hde gr e e .c a/ vir tualtour

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 6

SLIDE 7

STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL

Instruc tor
K

a re n L a wre nc e

Course
4A c o urse fo c use d o n Sta tistic a l Pro c e ss Co ntro l & Da ta -Ba se d

De c isio n-Ma king

Co ntinuo us impro ve me nt pro c e ss stra te g ie s
F
c us
Sta tistic a l to o ls
Co ntro l Cha rts
Ca pa b ility Ana lysis
De sig n o f E

xpe rime nts (DOE )

Pro c e ss Optimiza tio n

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 7

“All e xpe rime nts a re de sig ne d e xpe rime nts, so me a re po o rly de sig ne d, so me a re we ll-de sig ne d”

SLIDE 8

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

De sig n o f E

xpe rime nts Ove rvie w

Pro je c t Re q uire me nts
Co nc e ptua l Pro c e ss
F

a c to rs Se le c te d

Re spo nse Va ria b le s
E

xpe rime nta l Pro c e ss

Minita b Ana lysis
Pre se nta tio n o f Re sults
Co nc lusio ns a nd Co nside ra tio ns

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 8

SLIDE 9

DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

What is it?
T

he (sta tistic a l) de sig n o f e xpe rime nts (DOE ) is a n e ffic ie nt pro c e dure fo r pla nning e xpe rime nts so tha t the da ta

b ta ine d c a n b e a na lyze d to yie ld c e rta in g o a ls
DOE

b e g ins with de te rmining the o b je c tive s o f a n e xpe rime nt a nd se le c ting the pro c e ss fa c to rs fo r the study

Why do it?
T

e st a hypo the sis

De te rmine c o rre la tio n b e twe e n fa c to rs a nd re sults
Ma ke de c isio ns

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 9

SLIDE 10

DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

Compone nts of DOE
Outc o me / Hypo the sis
T

he hypo the sis va lida te s to purpo se o f the e xpe rime nt

I

de ntify fa c to rs tha t a re pre se nt o r ma y ha ve a n e ffe c t o n the re sult

Co ntro lle d a nd unc o ntro lle d fa c to rs must b e a c c o unte d fo r.
I

de ntify the se tting s/ sta te s o f the fa c to rs

On/ o ff, Pre se nt o r re mo ve d, hig h a nd lo w
Ra ndo miza tio n
Orde r o f e xpe rime nts

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 10

SLIDE 11

DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

E

xpe rime nts in E ng ine e ring world

Pro c e ss o ptimiza tio n
E

va lua tio n o f ma te ria l pro pe rtie s

Pro duc t de sig n & de ve lo pme nt
Co mpo ne nt & syste m to le ra nc e de te rmina tio n
E

xa mple s

Ma nufa c turing industry ne e ds to use DOE

re g a rding pro duc tio n pro c e sse s to ide ntify so urc e s o f de fe c tive pa rts

E

ng ine e ring de ve lo pme nt c a n use DOE to ide ntify stre ng the ning pro c e sse s with g re a te st impa c t

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 11

SLIDE 12

Cooking
F

ac to rs – Ove n T e mpe ra ture , Numb e r o f E g g s, Ba king So da Amo unt

Re spo nse – Size o f b a ke d c o o kie
Gr
wing se e ds
F

ac to rs – T ype o f so il, type o f a dditive , a mo unt o f da ily wa te r

Re spo nse – Size o f g ro wn pla nt
Air

Cannon Pr

je c tile
F

ac to rs – Air pre ssure , size o f pro je c tile , we ig ht o f pro je c tile

Re spo nse – L

e ng th o f pro je c tile tra ve l

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 12

DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

SLIDE 13

Wha t a re the ke y fa c to rs in a

pro c e ss?

At wha t se tting s wo uld the pro c e ss

de live r a c c e pta b le pe rfo rma nc e ?

Wha t a re the ke y, ma in a nd

inte ra c tio n e ffe c ts in the pro c e ss?

Wha t se tting s wo uld b ring a b o ut le ss

va ria tio n in the o utput?

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 13

DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

We ll-pe rfo rme d e xpe rime nt ma y pro vide a nswe rs to

q ue stio ns suc h a s:

SLIDE 14

DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 14

SLIDE 15

PROJECT REQUIREMENTS

2 le ve l full fa c to ria l e xpe rime nt with 3 o r mo re

fa c to rs (23 F a c to ria l)

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 15

Da ta a na lysis using

Minita b

ANOVA T

a b le s

E

ffe c ts Plo ts

Re sidua l Dia g no stic s
Suppo rting
utputs/ g ra phs
Co nduc ting e xpe rime nt
F

ull do c ume nta tio n a nd Re po rt

F

ina l inte rpre ta tio ns a nd c o nc lusio ns

LEVEL 1 .1 LEVEL 1 .2 FACTOR 1 FACTOR 2 LEVEL 2.1 LEVEL 2.2 FACTOR 3 LEVEL 3.1 LEVEL 3.2

SLIDE 16

CONCEPTUAL PROCESS

Ide as
Bo wling , pla ying po o l, da rts
Pr
s
I

nte re sting a nd fun

Co mpa re two se ts o f re sults
Co uld c ha ng e b o wling fa c to rs
Cons
Use r de pe nde nt, sub je c tive
No t a pplic a b le to e ve ryda y life

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 16

SLIDE 17

CONCEPTUAL PROCESS

Ide a s
Co unting c a rs: Wha t a nd whe n
Ove r a hig hwa y
Va rio us da y time s, we e k time s & we a the r c o nditio ns
Purpose
De te rmine flo w ra te s o f tra ffic a t va rio us time s in diffe re nt

we a the r c o nditio ns

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 17

Pros
Ob je c tive
I

nte re sting

Ra ndo m
Cons
Sc he duling
Co lde r We a the r (Mid-Ma rc h)
T
o ls

SLIDE 18

CONCEPT: BOILING WATER

F

inal pr

je c t ide a
De sig n a n e xpe rime nt to de te rmine the q uic ke st wa y to b o il

wa te r

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 18

Why it was c hose n
Applie s to re a l-wo rld a pplic a tio ns

a nd wo uld b e use ful info rma tio n fo r the pub lic

Co o king is a n e ve ryda y a c tivity

tha t ma ny pe o ple pa rtic ipa te in

T

e st a the o ry – po ssib ly b ust a myth

“Adding sa lt to wa te r wo uld ma ke it

b o il fa ste r”

SLIDE 19

CONCEPT: BOILING WATER

Pr
s
Curio sity fa c to r
On-ha nd a va ila b le ma te ria ls to pe rfo rm e xpe rime nta tio n
L
w-le ve l te c hno lo g y with le sso r c o mple xity
Ove ra ll de sig n a llo we d to a pply a dditio na l a na lysis
Ce nte r po ints, Blo c ks, Re pe titio n
Cons
Re stric te d ma te ria ls
L
ng e r tria l runs

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 19

SLIDE 20

EXPERIMENTAL FACTORS

Mate r

ial T ype

Me ta l vs Gla ss
Mo st c o mmo n c ho ic e o f ma te ria l to b o il wa te r
Additive
0ml sa lt vs 5ml sa lt
T

e st the o ry a nd pro ve a myth

Use d c e nte r po ints a t 2.5ml sa lt
Wate r
T

a p wa te r vs Distille d wa te r

Curio sity fa c to r o f “pure ” wa te r

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 20

SLIDE 21

RESPONSE VARIABLES

T

ime

Cruc ia l re spo nse va ria b le whe n de te rmining whic h fa c to rs

e ffe c t b o iling wa te r to ha ppe n fa ste r, ve rsus the fa c to rs tha t slo w it do wn

E

sse ntia l to c o rre c tly time sa mple s o f b o iling wa te r to de te rmine re sults

Da ta c o lle c te d in se c o nds
Ma in re spo nse va ria b le
T

e mpe ra ture

Co nc lude if wa te r ha s a c tua lly hit b o iling po int
E

a c h sa mple mo nito re d b y the rmo me te r

Onc e the wa te r ha s hit 100°C time is sto ppe d a nd re c o rde d

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 21

SLIDE 22

EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE

An e xpe rime nt is a te st o r a se rie s o f te sts in whic h

purpo se ful c ha ng e s a re ma de to input va ria b le s (x) to o b se rve c o rre spo nding c ha ng e s in the o utput re sults(y)

Ra ndo mly se le c te d o rde r (Minita b o utput)
E

a c h pla te wa s c o o le d do wn to ro o m te mpe ra ture b e fo re b e ing use d a g a in

Wa te r wa s ke pt a t ro o m te mpe ra ture in la rg e r

b a tc he s

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 22

SLIDE 23

EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE

Re plic a tion
Duplic a ting o ur e xpe rime nt twic e wo uld g ive us a b e tte r

unde rsta nding o f e rro r

Go o d to use fo r DOE

to suppo rt the da ta tha t wa s first c o lle c te d a nd c o mpe re d to da ta tha t is c o lle c te d a g a in

Use d 2 tria ls to c o mpa re to e a c h o the r
F

unc tio n use d to a na lyze una c c o unte d fla w in o rde r to furthe r pro c e e d with e xpe rime nta tio n

Bloc ks
Whe n ra ndo mizing a fa c to r is impo ssib le o r to o c o stly, b lo c king

le ts yo u re stric t ra ndo miza tio n b y c a rrying o ut a ll o f the tria ls with o ne se tting o f the fa c to r a nd the n a ll the tria ls with the

the r se tting
Blo c k pla c e d o n ABC fo r diffe re nt da y e xpe rime nta tio n

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 23

SLIDE 24

EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE

Ce nte r

points

Curva ture de te c tio n
De te rmine whe the r the fa c to rs in the e xpe rime nt ha ve

line a r e ffe c ts

Cho se n fo r the c urio sity a spe c t o f the e xpe rime nt to re ve a l

the re ve a l the re la tio nship o f a ll thre e fa c to rs

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 24

T

he c e nte r po ints use d ha lf a te a spo o n (2.5 ml), while the full sa lt c o nte nt tria ls use d a full te a spo o n (5 ml)

SLIDE 25

EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE

Mate r

ials

200 ml Gla ss Be a ke rs
200 ml ste e l, nic ke l pla te d c o nta ine r
T

a b le sa lt

Me a suring Spo o ns
Ho tpla te s
Distille d wa te r
T

a p Wa te r

T

he rmo me te rs

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 25

SLIDE 26

EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE

Minita b se tup
De sig n wo rkshe e t
De sig n runs in ra ndo m o rde r a s we ll a s indic a te d sta nda rd
rde r

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 26

Factor Name Type A SaltCont Numeric

1

5 +1 B MatType Text Metal

1

Glass +1 C WatType Text Tap

1

Distilled +1 Low High

SLIDE 27

EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE

E

xpe r ime nts

Gla ss- 16
Me ta l- 16
T

a p- 16

Distille d- 16
0 Sa lt- 8
5 Sa lt- 8
2.5 Sa lt- 16
DOE
16*2 = 32 e xpe rime nts
Da y 1 = 16
Da y 2 = 16

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 27

SLIDE 28

StdOrder RunOrder CenterPt Blocks SaltCont(ml) MatType WatType Time(s) 1 19 1 1 0 Metal Tap 682 2 31 1 1 5 Glass Tap 537 3 21 1 1 5 Metal Distilled 714 4 22 1 1 0 Glass Distilled 650 5 32 1 1 0 Metal Tap 733 6 18 1 1 5 Glass Tap 555 7 26 1 1 5 Metal Distilled 684 8 24 1 1 0 Glass Distilled 670 9 17 1 2.5 Metal Tap 662 10 30 1 2.5 Glass Tap 567 11 28 1 2.5 Metal Distilled 781 12 25 1 2.5 Glass Distilled 580 13 20 1 2.5 Metal Tap 757 14 29 1 2.5 Glass Tap 598 15 27 1 2.5 Metal Distilled 674 16 23 1 2.5 Glass Distilled 583 17 5 1 2 5 Metal Tap 641 18 11 1 2 0 Glass Tap 554 19 9 1 2 0 Metal Distilled 695 20 15 1 2 5 Glass Distilled 573 21 10 1 2 5 Metal Tap 669 22 16 1 2 0 Glass Tap 675 23 4 1 2 0 Metal Distilled 774 24 7 1 2 5 Glass Distilled 561 25 14 2 2.5 Metal Tap 712 26 1 2 2.5 Glass Tap 564 27 12 2 2.5 Metal Distilled 736 28 8 2 2.5 Glass Distilled 560 29 13 2 2.5 Metal Tap 716 30 3 2 2.5 Glass Tap 594 31 2 2 2.5 Metal Distilled 733 32 6 2 2.5 Glass Distilled 569

SLIDE 29

StdOrder RunOrder CenterPt Blocks SaltCont(ml) MatType WatType Time(s) 26 1 2 2.5 Glass Tap 564 31 2 2 2.5 Metal Distilled 733 30 3 2 2.5 Glass Tap 594 23 4 1 2 0 Metal Distilled 774 17 5 1 2 5 Metal Tap 641 32 6 2 2.5 Glass Distilled 569 24 7 1 2 5 Glass Distilled 561 28 8 2 2.5 Glass Distilled 560 19 9 1 2 0 Metal Distilled 695 21 10 1 2 5 Metal Tap 669 18 11 1 2 0 Glass Tap 554 27 12 2 2.5 Metal Distilled 736 29 13 2 2.5 Metal Tap 716 25 14 2 2.5 Metal Tap 712 20 15 1 2 5 Glass Distilled 573 22 16 1 2 0 Glass Tap 675 9 17 1 2.5 Metal Tap 662 6 18 1 1 5 Glass Tap 555 1 19 1 1 0 Metal Tap 682 13 20 1 2.5 Metal Tap 757 3 21 1 1 5 Metal Distilled 714 4 22 1 1 0 Glass Distilled 650 16 23 1 2.5 Glass Distilled 583 8 24 1 1 0 Glass Distilled 670 12 25 1 2.5 Glass Distilled 580 7 26 1 1 5 Metal Distilled 684 15 27 1 2.5 Metal Distilled 674 11 28 1 2.5 Metal Distilled 781 14 29 1 2.5 Glass Tap 598 10 30 1 2.5 Glass Tap 567 2 31 1 1 5 Glass Tap 537 5 32 1 1 0 Metal Tap 733

SLIDE 30

MINITAB RESULTS

Re sidual Analysis
Da ta no rma l & ra ndo m
Par

e to c har t of the standar dize d e ffe c ts

Ma in e ffe c ts
Half Nor

mal Plot of standar dize d e ffe c ts

Ma in e ffe c ts
Main E

ffe c ts Plots

E

ffe c ts o f c ha ng e in se tting s

Inte r

ac tion Plots

E

ffe c ts o f va ria b le s a g a inst

the r fa c to rs
Cube Plot
Optima l Se tting s Cha rt

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 30

SLIDE 31

RESULTS

Re sidual Plot
T

e st Assumptio ns 1. No rma lly Distrib ute d 2. I nde pe nde nt Va ria b le s 3. E q ua l Va ria nc e

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 31

SLIDE 32

RESULTS

Par

e to Char t

Whic h te rms

c o ntrib ute the mo st to the va ria b ility in the re spo nse

Co nfirm with p-

va lue fro m ANOVA ta b le

Re fe re nc e line a t

5% sig nific a nc e le ve l indic a te s sig nific a nc e

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 32

SLIDE 33

RESULTS

ANOVA
Sho ws whic h te rms c o ntrib ute the mo st to the va ria b ility in

the re spo nse

Cle a r to se e tha t the mo st sig nific a nt fa c to rs in this

e xpe rime nt a re the Ma te ria l T ype a nd Sa lt c o nte nt with a p- va lue o f 0.000 a nd 0.002

SLIDE 34

RESULTS

Nor

mal E ffe c ts Plot

Suppo rts the

ANOVA ta b le a lo ng with the Pa re to c ha rt to de te rmine whic h fa c to rs a re mo st sig nific a nt in the e xpe rime nt.

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 34

SLIDE 35

RESULTS

Main E

ffe c ts Plot

Whic h 2-le ve l

fa c to rs a re mo st sig nific a nt

Only c o nc e ntra te
n sig nific a nt

fa c to rs a nd e xc lude no n- sig nific a nt

Ce nte r po int

use d to de te c t c urva ture

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 35

SLIDE 36

RESULTS

Inte r

ac tion Plot

De te rmine
ptima l se tting

fo r sig nific a nt fa c to rs

Ce nte r po int

use d to de te rmine c urva ture

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 36

SLIDE 37

RESIDUALS EQUATION

Mode l
Ma the ma tic a l e q ua tio n use d to pre dic t the re spo nse

[ y = B

+ (A*B

1) + (B*B 2) + (C*B 3) + Blo c k + Ce nte r Po ints ]

y = 647.94 - (31.19*B

1) - (61.66*B 2)

E

xample

y = 647.94 - (31.19*(1)) - (61.66*(1)) y = 555.09

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 37

SLIDE 38

RESULTS

Cube Plot
De te rmine
ptima l se tting

fo r e xpe rime nt

Cub e sha pe due

to 3 fa c to rs

Hig h a nd lo w

va ria b le s

Ave ra g e s sho wn

fo r c o lle c te d da ta

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 38

SLIDE 39

CONCLUSIONS

I

mme dia te c o nc lusio ns

Ra nke d impa c t b y fa c to r:

1) Ma te ria l Se le c tio n 2) Sa lt Co nc e ntra tio n

Wa te r type & c o mb ina tio n o f fa c to rs: AB, AC, BC a re no t

sig nific a nt within 95% c o nfide nc e

Pe r c ub e plo t b e st o ptimize d se tting s fo r lo we r b o iling time s
5ml salt + T

ap wate r + Glass mate r ial

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 39

SLIDE 40

CONSIDERATIONS

So urc e s o f e rro r
Multiple ho tpla te s pro vide d mo re so urc e s o f e rro r
T

wo the rmo me te rs inc re a se the e rro r b e twe e n the rmo me te rs.

Ho t pla te re se t te mpe ra ture pro c e sse s.
I

nitia l te mpe ra ture ma y ha ve va rie d

Sha pe o f c o nta ine r a nd g e o me try inc re a se d va ria b ility a nd

ma y ha ve a ffe c te d the re sults

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 40

SLIDE 41

PRESENTATION REVIEW

De sig n o f E

xpe rime nts Ove rvie w

Pro je c t re q uire me nts
Co nc e ptua l Pro c e ss
F

a c to rs Se le c te d

Re spo nse Va ria b le s
E

xpe rime nta l Pro c e ss

Minita b Ana lysis
Pre se nta tio n o f Re sults
Co nc lusio ns a nd Co nside ra tio ns

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 41

SLIDE 42

THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME

QUE ST I ONS

Bo iling Wa te r DOE 42