DCS/CSCI 2350: Social & Economic Networks Are the connected - - PDF document

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DCS/CSCI 2350: Social & Economic Networks Are the connected - - PDF document

10/20/20 DCS/CSCI 2350: Social & Economic Networks Are the connected nodes in a network kind of the same? Reading: Ch 4 of Easley-Kleinberg Homophily Mohammad T . Irfan Homophily u What is it? u How to measure it? u How does it


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DCS/CSCI 2350: Social & Economic Networks

Are the connected nodes in a network kind

  • f the same?

Reading: Ch 4 of Easley-Kleinberg “Homophily”

Mohammad T . Irfan

Homophily

u What is it? u How to measure it? u How does it happen? u Can we “exploit” it for something good? u Effects of homophily

u Segregation

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What is homophily?

u Principle that "We are like our friends"

u Age u Place of living u Occupation u Income u Interests u Beliefs u Opinions

u Homophily illustrates how the surrounding

context can drive link formations in a network

u Intrinsic vs. contextual

How to measure homophily?

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Middle and high school friendship

How does homophily happen?

Mechanisms of homophily

  • 1. Selection
  • 2. Social influence
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Interplay: selection v. social influence in Wikipedia

u Crandall et al. (2008) Similarity score = # articles edited by both A AND B / #… edited by A OR B

Misconception

u In a network, friends share a lot of common

characteristics (e.g., drug usage). Changing the behavior of a few nodes will influence many other nodes to change as well.

u Cohen & Kandel (1977)– teenage drug usage

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Other topics on context in network

u Affiliation network

Can we “use” homophily for something good?

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Christakis & Fowler (2007): Obesity

Strong evidence of social influence in 32 years of data

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Christakis & Fowler (2008) Social network among smokers (yellow) and non-smokers

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Effects of homophily

Residential segregation

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https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/still-separate-unequal-and-ignored/Content?oid=16347785

Residential segregation

New York (Eric Fischer, 2010)

Jamaica Bayside

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Schelling’s model (1970s)

Thomas Schelling Nobel Prize (2005)

Threshold = 3

Misconception

u People move because they want to be

majority

u Correct: They want to avoid being extreme

minorities

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Chan, Irfan, Cuong (AAMAS 2019)

u Game-theoretic view

  • f Schelling’s models

u Structure

u Two networks u Multiple agents in the

same location

u Locations have capacity

u Behavior

u Social network influence u Location effect

Locations Agents

Simulation

u NetLogo u File à Models Library à Social Science à

Segregation