SLIDE 1
Size of the order of
insects or birds
Propulsion
- Fixed wing
- Rotary wing
- Flapping wing
- Combination
Jones, Bradshaw, Papadopoulos, Platzer (2005) Ifju, Jenkins, Ettinger, Lian, Shyy (2002)
Dave Cooper (UAB) Ifju, Jenkins, Ettinger, Lian, Shyy (2002) Size - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Dave Cooper (UAB) Ifju, Jenkins, Ettinger, Lian, Shyy (2002) Size - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Dave Cooper (UAB) Ifju, Jenkins, Ettinger, Lian, Shyy (2002) Size of the order of insects or birds Propulsion Fixed wing Rotary wing Flapping wing Combination Jones, Bradshaw, Papadopoulos, Platzer (2005) Applications
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
Applications
- Defense
- Search and Rescue
- Surveillance
Examples
- DelFly micro,
TU Delft (3g/10cm)
- Nano Hummingbird,
AeroVironment (19g/16cm)
- UAB (10g/20cm)
- Wright State
(12g/20cm)
SLIDE 4
2 pair of
Counter-oscillating flexible wings
Clap and fling
interactions
SLIDE 5
SLIDE 6
How much power is
required?
What are the
forces?
How do the input
parameters affect the performance?
- Wing geometry
- Frequency
SLIDE 7
Morphing mesh Rigid body
assumption
- Less expensive
- Is it valid?
SLIDE 8
Morphing
considerations
- Poor cell quality
- Negative volume cells
- Computation time
Solutions
- Minimum space
between wings (6mm)
- Pre-Morphing mesh
- Limit number of cells
SLIDE 9
2-components
- Flapping
About Z-axis Mechanism parameter driven
- Pitching
About wing leading edge Specified
SLIDE 10
Input parameters
- Linkage lengths
- Drive gear rotational
speed
- 0.4
- 0.2
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 Angle le ( (rad ad) Time(s) s)
SLIDE 11
Specified
- Avoiding negative
volume cells
- “Natural” motion
- Timing and max
pitch are adjusted
- 1
- 0.5
0.5 1 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 An Angle ( e (rad) d) Ti Time me(s)
1 1 Interacti tion
- n
- 1
- 0.5
0.5 1 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 An Angle ( e (rad) d) Ti Time me(s)
2 I Interacti tions
- ns
SLIDE 12
Time derivatives
- MATLAB calculated
numerical derivatives
Tables generated
- 100
- 50
50 100 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 An Anglular s speed eed (rad/s) Ti Time me(s)
Fla Flappi pping
- 150
- 50
50 150 250 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 An Angular s speed peed (rad/ d/s) Ti Time me(s)
1 I Interacti tion
- n
- 150
- 100
- 50
50 100 150 200 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 An Angular s speed peed (rad/ d/s) Ti Time me(s)
2 I Interacti tions
- ns
SLIDE 13
11 field functions
- 1 Flapping table
interpolation
- 2 Pitching table
interpolation
- 4 Wing axis tracking
- 4 Wing motion
compilation
SLIDE 14
4 motions
- 1 for each wing
- Modified center of
rotation coordinate systems
- Direction and
magnitude of vector field functions
SLIDE 15
Qualitative
verification
- Does it look natural?
SLIDE 16
SLIDE 17
Frequency (Hz) Maximum Pitch (deg) Avg Thrust (N) Avg Power (W) 30* 30* 0.08* 0.65* 35* 30* 0.11* 1.02* 35* 45* 0.15* 0.79* 28* 45* 0.09* 0.33* 28 45 0.14 1.05 23 45 0.09 0.56 *Simulations conducted using only two wings and assuming symmetry.
SLIDE 18
Thrust
- Average: 0.09N
Moments about
Z-axis
Power
- Average: 0.56W
No Appreciable Hysteresis
effects
- 0.2
- 0.1
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Th Thrust ( (N)
- 0.015
- 0.01
- 0.005
0.005 0.01 0.015 Mo Mome ment ( (N-m) m)
- 0.3
- 0.1
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 Powe
- wer (W)
(W)
SLIDE 19
SLIDE 20
Dependencies
- Thrust ~ Freq2
- Power ~ Freq3
- Thrust ~ Wing Area
- Power ~ Wing Area
Conclusion
- Trading Wing Area
for Frequency results in a net gain
SLIDE 21
SLIDE 22
Ifju, Jenkins, Ettinger, Lian, Shyy (2002). Flexible-Wing-Based Micro Air Vehicles. AIAA 2002-0705
Jones, Bradshaw, Papadopoulos, Platzer (2005). Bio-inspired design of flapping-wingmicro air vehicles. The Aeronautical Journal, Aug 2005
DelFly micro. http://www.delfly.nl/
- AeroVironment. Nano hummingbird. http://www.avinc.com/nano
Ohio Center of Excellence for Micro Air Vehicle Research at Wright State University. http://www.engineering.wright.edu/mav/