Data Visualization Principles: Other Perceptual Channels CSC544 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Data Visualization Principles: Other Perceptual Channels CSC544 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Data Visualization Principles: Other Perceptual Channels CSC544 Acknowledgments for todays lecture: Tamara Munzner, Miriah Meyer, Colin Ware, Christopher Healey There exist stimuli other than colors So what is data visualization? The art

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Data Visualization Principles: Other Perceptual Channels

CSC544

Acknowledgments for today’s lecture: Tamara Munzner, Miriah Meyer, Colin Ware, Christopher Healey

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There exist stimuli

  • ther than colors
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So what is data visualization?

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The art and science of matching the “features” of a data set to the “features” of visual perception

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Why visualization?

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Why visualization?

  • It has been studied more deeply
  • It appears to have more “bandwidth” than

alternatives (though not as much as you think it does)

  • It is richer
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(c) PlusMinus, GFDL

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Integral vs. Separable Channels

  • Do humans perceive values “as a whole”, or “as

things that can be split”?

  • “Is it a vector, or is it a pair?”
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Integral vs. Separable Channels

color x location color x motion color x shape size x orientation x-size x y-size r-g x y-b

Colin Ware, 2004, p180 Separable Integral

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Bivariate Color Map (Bad)

Baraba and Finkner, via Tufte (VDQI)

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Bivariate Color Map (less bad)

http://www.csee.umbc.edu/~rheingan/636/color.pdf

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Trivariate (!) Color Map (terrible, terrible idea)

http://magazine.good.is/infographics/america-s-richest-counties-and-best-educated-counties#open

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The best bivariate colormap I know

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/11/04/upshot/senate-maps.html

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Bivariate Color Maps are Possible, but Hard

pay attention to the behavior of the variables you’re mapping from, and the behavior of the channels you’re mapping to.

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PREATTENTIVENESS, OR “VISUAL POP-OUT”

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Christopher Healey, http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/PP/index.html

ORIENTATION

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Christopher Healey, http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/PP/index.html

WIDTH/LENGTH

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Christopher Healey, http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/PP/index.html

SIZE

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https://cscheid.net/courses/spr15/cs444/lectures/week8/ preattentive.html

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Mixing is not always pre- attentive

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Preattentiveness is only simple to understand when considering one channel at a time.

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VISUAL CHANNELS YOU SHOULD BE CAREFUL WITH, EVEN IN ISOLATION

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3D, when data isn’t

Naomi Robbins, forbes.com

  • Perspective interacts with size and color

judgments

  • Occlusion is bad, often unnecessary
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(and maybe even it is!)

Daae Lampe et al. TVCG 2009

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Animations

  • We perceive motion, and regularity, even when

none might be intended

  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lilac-Chaser.gif
  • And it interacts badly with the rest of our

perceptual system

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Animations

  • limit them to data transitions, preferably controlled

by interaction www.gapminder.org

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GESTALT

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GESTALT PRINCIPLES

  • General idea: we interpret stimuli as patterns that

are grouped, complete, whole

  • Even when they maybe aren’t
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CONTAINMENT

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HIGHER-LEVEL CHANNELS WE ARE STILL STUDYING

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Overlays for bivariate maps

Ware 2009 TVCG

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Overlays for bivariate maps

Ware 2009 TVCG

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Perception of higher-level features

  • Correlation perception follows Weber’s Law (!)

Harrison et al., TVCG 2014

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Perception of higher-level features

  • Correlation perception follows Weber’s Law (!)

Harrison et al., TVCG 2014

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Perception of higher-level features

  • Correlation perception follows Weber’s Law (!)

Harrison et al., TVCG 2014

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Recap

  • Consider how data behaves
  • Can you add? Subtract? Compare? Is there a

smallest, or are values just different from one another? Etc.

  • Consider how the basic visual channels behave,

match the two appropriately

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  • Consider how the basic visual channels behave,

match the two appropriately What if they don’t match?

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“WEIRD” DATA (A prelude to techniques)

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Circular Data x Intensity

https://www.ncl.ucar.edu/Applications/evans.shtml

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Circular Data x Intensity

http://delta.jepptech.com/jifp/help/winds_and_temperatures_aloft.htm

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Orientation vs. Direction

http://www.datapointed.net/2014/10/ maps-of-street-grids-by-orientation/

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Orientation vs. Direction

Demiralp et al. 2009

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Orientation vs. Direction

Demiralp et al. 2009

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Orientation vs. Direction

Demiralp et al. 2009 This is a bad colormap. Why?

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Orientation vs. Direction

Demiralp et al. 2009

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Orientation vs. Direction

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Orientation vs. Direction

Demiralp et al. 2009

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Probability Distributions

  • Map behavior of conditional distributions, marginal distributions, etc.

to visual channels: Product Plots, Wickham and Hoffman, TVCG 2011