Danajon Bank, Philippines: Danajon Bank, Philippines: an EBM case - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Outline: Danajon Bank FISH Project objectives and strategies Fisheries management initiatives Fisheries monitoring Other measurable project results Future EBM directions for Danajon Bank

Danajon Bank, Philippines: an EBM case study Danajon Bank, Philippines: an EBM case study

Nygiel B. Armada Fisheries Resource Management Advisor FISH Project nbarmada@mozcom.com

Danajon Bank Danajon Bank

Panglao Island Bohol Strait Canigao Channel Talibon Leyte Danahon Bank CAMOTES SEA BOHOL SEA

The Danajon Bank ecosystem Only double barrier reef in the Philippines High biodiversity and the most habitat-rich fisheries ecosystem in the Central Philippines Extensive coral reef, mangrove and seagrass habitats Traditional fishing ground for reef fishes, rabbit fishes and many small pelagics Traditional fishing ground for blue crabs, shrimps, squids, sea cucumbers Threats to the marine ecosystem Degraded corals - living coral is less than 25% Heavily exploited – demersal biomass density is 0.44 t/km2 Illegal and destructive fishing – dynamite, Danish seine, trawl, fine meshed nets Mangrove cutting, illegal conversion, siltation

FISH Project FISH Project

Increase in fish stocks by 10%

Growth Control Maintenance

Management Mechanisms

Capacity-building Constituency-building Policy improvement

Change in exploitation pattern

Modes of delivery

Project sites: Calamianes Islands, Northern Palawan Danajon Bank, Bohol Surigao del Sur, Pacific Seaboard Tawi-Tawi, Sulu Archipelago

0 .5 0 0 .7 5 1 .0 0 1 .2 5 1 .5 0 1 .7 5 2 .0 0 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 Dem ersal fish stocks ( tons/ km 2 )

10%

EBFM: from concept to practice EBFM: from concept to practice

EBFM Recommended Actions:

• 1. Delineation of ecosystem boundaries
• 2. Characterization of the dynamics of the

ecosystem and determination of habitat needs of important organisms

• 3. Development of indices of ecosystems’

health as targets for management

• 4. Development of conceptual model of the

food web and assessment of how removals are related to trophic structure

• 5. Assessment of institutional elements of

the ecosystem which most significantly affect fisheries

• 6. Development and implementation of

strategies such as management planning, zoning schemes, gear/species-specific management, registration & licensing, law enforcement, MPAs

• 7. Establishment of governance system that

is responsive to ecosystems approach

• 8. Development of long-term monitoring

schemes Basic Elements of the FISH Project’s EBFM Approach:

Incremental understanding of the

dynamics of the marine ecosystem the defined boundary

Early fisheries management actions on

• bvious fisheries exploitation (gear?)

issues

Immediate fisheries management

interventions for species that constitute a large portion of the food web (economic importance?).

Development of governance system that

is responsive to ecosystems approach (scale?)

EBFM: from concept to practice EBFM: from concept to practice

Control Mechanisms: Network of marine protected areas Species-specific management (spatial and temporal close season) Gear restrictions and size limits Registration and licensing Zoning of fishing and water activities Cross-cutting initiatives: IEC, Policy, Law Enforcement

Network of MPAs Network of MPAs

123.8 124 124.2 124.4 124.6 10 10.2 10.4

Hingotanan East Hingotanan West Bilangbilangan East Nocnocan Cataban Pinamgo Humayhumay Sinandigan Aguining Bantigue Sag Calituban Guindacpan

Species specific management Species specific management

Rabbit fish (Siganus canaliculatus)

Close season during spawning season of rabbit fish

• 4th 5th and 6th day after the new moon
• monthly for the entire year or for a few months only

Banning of fine meshed gears catching rabbit fishes Banning of selling of rabbit fishes during close season

Species specific management Species specific management

• Ban on catching and selling of berried females
• Size limits (12 cm carapace width?)
• Minimum crab gillnet mesh size of 10 cm (4 inches)
• Impounding berried females (7 days?)
• Zoning of crab fishing gears

12 cm Blue crab (Portunus pelagicus)

Gear specific management Gear specific management

Crab gillnet

10 20 30 0.0 - 0.9 1.0 - 1.9 2.0 - 2.9 3.0 - 3.9 4.0 - 4.9 5.0 - 5.9 6.0 - 6.9 7.0 - 7.9 8.0 - 8.9 9.0 - 9.9 10.0 - 10.9 11.0 - 11.9 12.0 - 12.9 13.0 - 13.9 14.0 - 14.9 15.0 - 15.9 16.0 - 16.9 17.0 - 17.9 18.0 - 18.9 19.0 - 19.9

Crab liftnet

10 20 30 0.0 - 0.9 1.0 - 1.9 2.0 - 2.9 3.0 - 3.9 4.0 - 4.9 5.0 - 5.9 6.0 - 6.9 7.0 - 7.9 8.0 - 8.9 9.0 - 9.9 10.0 - 10.9 11.0 - 11.9 12.0 - 12.9 13.0 - 13.9 14.0 - 14.9 15.0 - 15.9 16.0 - 16.9 17.0 - 17.9 18.0 - 18.9 19.0 - 19.9

Crab pot

10 20 30 0.0 - 0.9 1.0 - 1.9 2.0 - 2.9 3.0 - 3.9 4.0 - 4.9 5.0 - 5.9 6.0 - 6.9 7.0 - 7.9 8.0 - 8.9 9.0 - 9.9 10.0 - 10.9 11.0 - 11.9 12.0 - 12.9 13.0 - 13.9 14.0 - 14.9 15.0 - 15.9 16.0 - 16.9 17.0 - 17.9 18.0 - 18.9 19.0 - 19.9

Length at maturity

Size composition of blue crab, Portunus pelagicus caught by gillnet, liftnet, and crab pot

Zoning Zoning

Fisheries monitoring Fisheries monitoring

Fisheries independent surveys – kg/unit effort Baseline and monitoring years Danajon Bank 2004 2006 2008 Bottom-set gillnet * 2.06 1.83 3.88 88.6 Bottom-set longline 4.77 2.62 1.32

• 72.4

Fish trap 1.06 1.34 1.17 10.9 Bottom trawl 1.41 2.91 2.89 104.7 ∆% CPUE MPA assessment - mean biomass (tons/km2) in MPAs 43.35 13.36 9.32 Uba

• 31.20

11.20 16.28 Capandan 8.85 11.93 10.96 Adlay

• 3.87

17.14 10.90 17.83 General Is. 18.85 14.69 19.61 12.36 Carascal 40.02 13.89 10.00 9.92 Auqui 2008 2006 2004 ∆% Mean biomass Baseline and monitoring years Lanuza Bay

Fisheries monitoring Fisheries monitoring

Fisheries dependent surveys – kg/unit effort

Base and monitoring years Danajon Bank 2004 2006 ∆% CPUE Filter net 1.33 9.25 593.75 Hook and line w/float 2.96 13.30 349.87 Danish seine 24.75 79.06 219.47 Fish pot 9.50 19.90 109.47 Drift gillnet 7.37 11.65 58.06 Set gillnet (with plunger) 10.29 13.59 32.06 Round-haul seine 100.37 132.18 31.69 Stationary liftnet 13.48 17.38 28.96 Squid jig (troll) 1.53 1.73 13.15 Squid gillnet 8.35 9.43 12.89 Multiple handline 3.60 4.00 11.18 Encircling gillnet 42.67 45.84 7.44 Hook and line (simple) 2.50 2.68 7.09 Trammel net 5.73 6.09 6.31 Squid pot 3.58 3.40

• 4.81

Drive-in gillnet 14.77 12.31

• 16.69

Fish corral 5.30 4.41

• 16.93

Spear w/compressor 29.05 23.22

• 20.08

Bottom-set longline 4.59 3.29

• 28.39

Crab liftnet 3.37 2.40

• 29.00

Crab gillnet 3.40 2.04

• 39.92

Spear gun, harpoon 2.92 1.68

• 42.36

Crab pot 6.65 3.66

• 44.97

Bottomset gillnet 15.81 7.66

• 51.57

Otter trawl 13.57 6.38

• 53.02

Beach seine 20.64 3.50

• 83.04

Fisheries monitoring Fisheries monitoring

Summary of observations from base line and monitoring activities Emphasized the severity of the overfishing problem Motivated partners and stakeholders’ commitment Confirmed observed increases in catch rates Showed which fishing gears benefited from initiatives Highlighted the fact that illegal fishers benefit the most from management initiatives

Other measurable project results Other measurable project results

Inter-municipality arrangements Adoption of CRM as a basic service (building on CRM) Multi-year municipal CFRM Plan – codifying fisheries

• rdinances

Establishment MPAs – network of MPAs (about 30) Training of people’s organizations in MPA management Ordinances regulating mesh sizes, ban on active gears Ordinances on closed seasons and ban on catching of gravid individuals Fishers and fishing boats registration system Establishment of coastal law enforcement units - both at municipal (MCLET) and MPA level (SET)

Future EBM directions Future EBM directions

Panglao Island Bohol Strait Canigao Channel Talibon Leyte Danahon Bank CAMOTES SEA BOHOL SEA

Key governance challenge Key governance challenge

Fishing frequency

• f Danish seine in

2004

Key governance challenge Key governance challenge

Fishing frequency

• f Danish seine in

2006