CSCI341 Lecture 27, ASCII &Unicode, Addressing Modes ASCII - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 29, 2023 •624 likes •819 views

CSCI341 Lecture 27, ASCII &Unicode, Addressing Modes ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange One byte = One character How many possible characters? COMMON INSTRUCTIONS lb (as signed) sb lbu (used in C

CSCI341 Lecture 27, ASCII &Unicode, Addressing Modes
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange One byte = One character How many possible characters?
COMMON INSTRUCTIONS • lb (as signed) • sb • lbu (used in C compilers)
256 CHARACTERS • How many symbols in Chinese? • Arabic? • Hindi?
UNICODE • 16 bits to represent a character (how many are possible?)
COMMON INSTRUCTIONS • lh (load halfword, as signed) • lhu (more appropriate, common) • sh (store halfword)
OPTIONAL READING The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely,Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets (No Excuses!) http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html
I-TYPE INSTRUCTIONS • 16-bit “immediate” field • What about longer numbers? • What about longer addresses?
PROBLEM Store the number 4,000,000 in a register. 0000 0000 0011 1101 0000 1001 0000 0000
LOAD UPPER IMMEDIATE first half: 0000 0000 0011 1101 lui $s0, 61 second half: 0000 1001 0000 0000 ori $s0, $s0, 2304
BIG CONSTANTS? • Assembler must be aware, and break them down into pieces at the instruction level. • Uses register $at (reserved for assembler) to temporarily store 32-bit constant
WHAT ABOUT ADDRESSES? • I-Type instruction: address is 16 bits. • Maximum address? • Can’t a program consist of more instructions than that? (yes)
PC-RELATIVE ADDRESSING • Assumption: conditional branches are within 2 15 away • Branch address = PC + offset(in words) • So for conditional branches, MIPS uses PC-relative addressing
BIGGER JUMPS (EG, TO FUNCTION LABELS) • J-type instruction: 26-bits for addressing
ADDRESSING MODES Immediate: operand is constant Register: operand is value in a register Base/Displacement: operand is register value plus constant PC-Relative: operand PC + constant Pseudodirect: Think: J-Type
HOMEWORK • Reading: 2.10 & 2.11 • Finish Project 5, “Absolutely!” MIPS vs. E-Days... hmm...

Download Presentation

Download Policy: The content available on the website is offered to you 'AS IS' for your personal information and use only. It cannot be commercialized, licensed, or distributed on other websites without prior consent from the author. To download a presentation, simply click this link. If you encounter any difficulties during the download process, it's possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.

Recommend

CSCI341 Lecture 31, Control RECALL... The datapath is a representation of the flow of

CSCI341 Lecture 31, Control RECALL... The datapath is a representation of the flow of information (data, instructions) through the CPU Implemented as combination of circuitry and combinatorial & sequential chips In order

456 views • 23 slides

CSCI341 Lecture 30, Building a Datapath RECALL... The datapath is a representation of

CSCI341 Lecture 30, Building a Datapath RECALL... The datapath is a representation of the flow of information (data, instructions) through the CPU Implemented as combination of circuitry and combinatorial & sequential chips

404 views • 17 slides

CSCI341 Lecture 36, Pipelining & Hazards RECALL... RECALL... HAZARDS Data Hazards

CSCI341 Lecture 36, Pipelining & Hazards RECALL... RECALL... HAZARDS Data Hazards Control Hazards Dukes of Hazzard DATA HAZARD Hardware solution: Include forwarding paths in the machines datapath. Even though results have not

436 views • 27 slides

CSCI341 Lecture 18, IEEE Floating Point Image courtesy of http://debsbookbag.blogspot.com/ The

CSCI341 Lecture 18, IEEE Floating Point Image courtesy of http://debsbookbag.blogspot.com/ The design team for a relationship-problem-solving-unit (RPSU) is choosing between a Candy and Flower implementation. Thousands of relationships may be

537 views • 19 slides

CSCI341 Lecture 38, Introduction to Multicore Architectures GOAL: PERFORMANCE Recall: Power as

CSCI341 Lecture 38, Introduction to Multicore Architectures GOAL: PERFORMANCE Recall: Power as the overriding issue. Performance, heat, power efficiency. PIPELINING Exploits potential parallelism among instructions.

471 views • 25 slides

CSCI341 Lecture 37, Introduction to Parallelism PIPELINING Exploits potential parallelism

CSCI341 Lecture 37, Introduction to Parallelism PIPELINING Exploits potential parallelism among instructions. Instruction-level parallelism INSTRUCTION-LEVEL PARALLELISM Increase depth of pipeline (greater overlap of

646 views • 26 slides

CSCI341 Lecture 21, MIPS Programming REVIEW Assemblers understand special commands called

CSCI341 Lecture 21, MIPS Programming REVIEW Assemblers understand special commands called directives instructions for the assembler, eg, .text Assemblers understand macro commands higher-level instructions that abstract

722 views • 32 slides

CSCI341 Lecture 22, MIPS Programming: Directives, Linkers, Loaders, Memory REVIEW Assemblers

CSCI341 Lecture 22, MIPS Programming: Directives, Linkers, Loaders, Memory REVIEW Assemblers understand special commands called directives Assemblers understand macro commands Assembly programs become object files

756 views • 26 slides

CSCI341 Lecture 11, Logical Operations Image courtesy of http://debsbookbag.blogspot.com/ vs

CSCI341 Lecture 11, Logical Operations Image courtesy of http://debsbookbag.blogspot.com/ vs PERFORMANCE CPU Time = (Instruction Count x CPI) / Clock Rate Clock Rate CPI class A CPI class B CPI class C CPI class D Watermelon 1.5 GHz 1

687 views • 19 slides

What's a string? Characters enclosed by double quotes "this is a String" " this

What's a string? Characters enclosed by double quotes "this is a String" " this String starts with spaces" "12345" "the above String is made up of digit characters" Print Strings to the Console using

458 views • 22 slides

Bit Basics Eric McCreath Bit Basics A bit (Binary digIT) is single unit of binary storage. A bit

Bit Basics Eric McCreath Bit Basics A bit (Binary digIT) is single unit of binary storage. A bit is normally grouped with other bits to represent data or information. 4 bits form a nibble 8 bits form a byte (e.g. 10100001 or 0xA1 in hex) Bytes

845 views • 9 slides

Data Handling: Import, Cleaning and Visualisation Lecture 3: Data Storage and Data Structures

9/12/2019 Data Handling: Import, Cleaning and Visualisation Data Handling: Import, Cleaning and Visualisation Lecture 3: Data Storage and Data Structures Prof. Dr. Ulrich Matter 03/10/2019 file:///home/umatter/Dropbox/T

787 views • 62 slides

Binary Numbers X. Zhang Fordham Univ. 1 Numeral System A way for expressing numbers, using

Binary Numbers X. Zhang Fordham Univ. 1 Numeral System A way for expressing numbers, using symbols in a consistent manner. " 11 " can be interpreted differently: in the binary symbol: three in the decimal

735 views • 20 slides

File Types Session 5 INST 346 Agenda Some examples of file types Text Images

File Types Session 5 INST 346 Agenda Some examples of file types Text Images Video Audio | 0 NUL | 32 SPACE | 64 @ | 96 ` | | 1 SOH | 33 ! | 65 A | 97 a | | 2 STX | 34 " | 66 B | 98 b | ASCII

754 views • 30 slides

Information as Bits What kinds of data do we need to represent? - Numbers integers, floating

CSC 2400: Computer Systems Information as Bits What kinds of data do we need to represent? - Numbers integers, floating point, - Text characters, strings, - Images pixels, colors, shapes, - Sound - Instructions -

782 views • 53 slides

Good Evening! INT1005 Introduction to Computer Systems Ulrich Werner Bits, Bytes, and Code

Good Evening! INT1005 Introduction to Computer Systems Ulrich Werner Bits, Bytes, and Code Tables The simple foundation of computing Data Representation The circuitry in a computer or Eight bits grouped together as a mobile device

129 views • 11 slides

DATA aka. The class where you learned to count in powers of 2. REPRESENTATION 321 ...in

DATA aka. The class where you learned to count in powers of 2. REPRESENTATION 321 ...in decimal (That is, Base 10) How did we get these? x100 x10 x1 Therefore, base 10 10 2 10 1 10 0

897 views • 50 slides

C Language Elements CSCI 112: Programming in C A simple program to convert miles to kilometers

C Language Elements CSCI 112: Programming in C A simple program to convert miles to kilometers Ask the user for a number of miles Convert that number to kilometers Display the result to the user #include <stdio.h> #define

828 views • 29 slides

Conditional statements (1) +variable scope Based on slides by Asst. Prof. Kitsana Waiyamai,

Conditional statements (1) +variable scope Based on slides by Asst. Prof. Kitsana Waiyamai, Ph.D. Dept. of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Bangkok, Thailand http://kdl.cpe.ku.ac.th If-Then-Else Statement 1

599 views • 33 slides

Number Systems II MA1S1 Tristan McLoughlin November 30, 2013

Number Systems II MA1S1 Tristan McLoughlin November 30, 2013 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary numeral system http://accu.org/index.php/articles/1558 http://www.binaryconvert.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII Simple computer programs

421 views • 28 slides

Objects (Demo1) Objects Objects represent information They consist of data and behavior,

Objects (Demo1) Objects Objects represent information They consist of data and behavior, bundled together to create abstractions Objects can represent things, but also properties, interactions, & processes A type of object is

591 views • 30 slides

Programming II Spring 2018 Streams and Input/Output 1 Today Streams and Files

BBM 102 Introduction to Programming II Spring 2018 Streams and Input/Output 1 Today Streams and Files Text/Binary Files java.io.File class Revisiting java.util.Scanner Java I/O Library Decorator Pattern

738 views • 50 slides

Lecture Overview Lecture Topics How computers encode information Bits and Bytes How

Lecture Overview Lecture Topics How computers encode information Bits and Bytes How to quantify information and memory How to represent and communicate binary data Computer Literacy Lecture 4 The aim is to be able to reason

250 views • 5 slides

COMPUTER NETWORKS ECE 422 SESSION I Tuesday, 04 February 2020 1 DATA COMMMUNICATIONS &

DATA COMMUNICATIONS & COMPUTER NETWORKS ECE 422 SESSION I Tuesday, 04 February 2020 1 DATA COMMMUNICATIONS & COMPUTER NETWORKS SYLLABUS (1) Pre-requisites: ECE 416 Principles of Communication (formerly, Communication Systems I)

1.01k views • 51 slides