Course Introduction History of Bits, Bytes & Computing - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Course Topic Perspectives in Computer Science and Engineering Course Introduction History of Bits, Bytes & Computing Numbers Computer Systems TDDD63 Framework Operating Networking Internet Systems and Provide Context Algorithms Data Abstractions Roadmap for your Seminar 1 Programming Software Introduction to Languages Engineering Course Introduction Place your Programming Databases History of Computing CS/CE Course Artificial Intelligence Courses/Programs Theory in of Computation Perspective Larger Programming Project in Python Course Introduction: Period 1 Course Introduction: Period 2 • Period 1: 14 seminars • Period II: Programming Project in Python • Given by a variety of very knowledgeable researchers who • 4-5 projects pre-defined but open for pro-activity and creativity specialize in each of the areas covered. • Groups of 3-4 students. • Read the book chapters specified for each seminar before • Requirements: each seminar. • Source code • One 5-10 minute quiz per seminar [12]. (Pass or Fail) • Demonstration of the project • Distributed at random times during the seminar • Presentation of the project • Can not be taken at another time! • Additional documentation (to be defined later) • must pass 8 out of 12. • Seminar 4: Jonas Kvarnström will present projects and • Failure to do so implies writing a 10 page report. background. • Additional description on course web site under “Labs”. • Details on the course web site under “examination”.

Course Book Course Goals • We want to provide a roadmap or framework to assist you in • Computer Science: An Overview (12th understanding how everything fits together in your future studies Edition), J. Glenn Brookshear/ Dennis • We want to make you even more excited about computer science Brylow and computer engineering than you already are! • Introductory and overview book • We want to reinforce what you are learning in the introductory programming course by providing additional context, understanding • Provides a broad framework in which to and insight. • We want to provide you with an opportunity to program in a larger think about topics in computer science project and apply what you have learned in the introduction to • If you purchase a new version of the book: programming course which is run in parallel. • You should learn a lot, be proactive in learning how to learn and • Includes on-line access to a student site most importantly.....HAVE FUN! • Other materials to assist you. • The bottom line is : Be proactive......dazzle us......and dazzle yourselves! What is Computation? Some Fundamental Questions What does Wikopedia tell us? • Computation is any type of calculation or the use of computer technology in Information Processing. • Computation is a process following a well-defined model understood and expressed in an • What is Computation? algorithm, protocol, network topology, etc. [Algorithmics] • Computation is also a major subject matter of computer science: it investigates what can or cannot be done in a computational manner. [Computability] • What is Computing • What is a Computer? Computation as a Physical Phenomenon A computation can be seen as a purely physical phenomenon occurring inside a closed physical system called a computer. Examples of such physical systems include digital computers, mechanical computers, quantum computers, DNA computers, molecular computers, analog computers or wetware computers. This point of view is the one adopted by the branch of theoretical physics called the physics of computation . An even more radical point of view is the postulate of digital physics (Fredkin) that the evolution of the universe itself is a computation - Pancomputationalism.

What is Computing? What is a Computer? A ssociation for ACM Computing Curricula 2005 defined "computing" as: C omputing M achinery A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to "In a general way, we can define computing to mean any goal-oriented activity requiring , carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations . Since a Broad benefiting from, or creating computers. Thus, computing includes: 
 sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can View • designing and building hardware and software systems for a wide range of purposes; solve more than one kind of problem. • processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information; • doing scientific studies using computers; • making computer systems behave intelligently; • creating and using communications and entertainment media; • finding and gathering information relevant to any particular purpose, and so on. The list is virtually endless, and the possibilities are vast." The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word The term "computing" has sometimes been narrowly defined, as in a 1989 ACM report on Computing as a Discipline [2]: continued with the same meaning until the middle of the 20th century. From the end of the 19th century the word began to take on its more Narrow familiar meaning, a machine that carries out computations . View The discipline of computing is the systematic study of algorithmic processes that describe and transform information: their theory, analysis, design, efficiency, implementation, and application. The fundamental question underlying all computing is "What can be (efficiently) automated?" 18 Knowledge Areas Computing Curricula: Computer Science 2013 Computer Science is not just about Programming!!! • AL - Algorithms and Complexity • NC - Networking and Communications • AR - Architecture and Organization • OS - Operating Systems • In roughly 10 year cycles the ACM and IEEE Computer • CN - Computational Science • PBD - Platform-based Development Society jointly sponsor the development of a Computing • DS - Discrete Structures • PD - Parallel and Distributed Computing Curricula volume on Computer Science • GV - Graphics and Visual Computing • PL - Programming Languages • HC - Human-Computer Interaction • SDF - Software Development Fundamentals • Offer curricular and pedagogic guidelines for • IAS - Information Assurance and Security • SE - Software Engineering undergraduate courses in computer science • IM - Information Management • SF - Systems Fundamentals • IS - Intelligent Systems • SP - Social and Professional Issues • The newest is in final form (CS2013) • PBD - New types of platform specific programming environments such as the web or mobile devices. • PD - Now consolidates these topics in one area • SDF - The entire software development process • SF - Unified systems perspective for computing systems Covered Less covered

Planned Seminars Quiz/Project Registration • Computer Systems • Quiz Registration [Ready now] • 1 : Introduction & History of Computing (ch0) [Doherty] • On course web page: • 2 : Data Storage/Number Systems (ch1) [Doherty] • 3 : Data Manipulation/Computer Systems (ch2) [Eles] • Go to “Examination” section • 4 : Software Project Descriptions [Kvarnström] • Register using WEBREG • 5 : Data Manipulation/Computer Systems (ch2) [Eles] • Programs and Processes • You MUST register so your Quiz results are • 6,7 : Operating Systems (ch3) [Kessler] registered properly • 8,9 : Networking and the Internet (ch4) [Carlsson] • Software Project Registration [Ready on Seminar 4] • 10 : Algorithms/Computability (ch5, 12) [Doherty] • 11 : Algorithms/Complexity (ch5, 12) [Doherty] • On course web page • 12 : Database Technologies (ch9) [Pena] • Go to “Labs” section • Applications and Use • 13 : Software Engineering [Sandahl, Lanzen (Ericsson)] (ch7) • Register using WEBREG • 14 : Artificial Intelligence (ch11) [Doherty] Information • Look at the Course web page often! • http://www.ida.liu.se/~TDDD63/ History of Computing Seminar 1 General Queries Adminsitration Queries Course Introduction Contact Course Assistant: Contact Course Admin: History of Computing Jonas Kvarnström Anna Grabska Eklund jonas.kvarnstrom@liu.se anna.grabska.eklund@liu.se

Socrates Aristotle (384-322 BC) Plato Aristotle What is a good argument? Origins of Computation Mechanical Roots begin with Reasoning! Formalizing Mental Processes As far back as Aristotle and Plato: Mortal Recreate human mental and physical processes using available technology Man All men are mortal Major Premise Socrates Socrates is a man Minor Premise Mechanical Techniques _______________ Electro-Mechanical Techniques Socrates is mortal Electronics Deduction Deductive Conclusion The Abacus Antikythera Mechanism Over 2000 years old... An Abacus is a calculating tool for performing arithmetic processes Discovered in a shipwreck off the greek island of Antikythera in 1901 Chinese Abacus - Suanpan both decimal/hexadecimal computation 1st written mention 100 AD Modern abacus Calculating Table 1508 Europe The idea dates back as far as Babylonia (2400 BC) - dust abacus The Antikythera mechanism is the oldest known scientific calculator. A complex Still in use today in China, Africa, India, ... arrangement of over 30 gears could determine with remarkable precision the position of the sun, moon and planets, predict eclipses and track the dates of Olympic Games.