Country report: MONGOLIA Country report: MONGOLIA - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Country report: MONGOLIA Country report: MONGOLIA Language/Localization Policy Language/Localization Policy

"Regional Consultation on Local Language Computing "Regional Consultation on Local Language Computing Policy in Developing Asia Policy in Developing Asia“ “ January 22nd January 22nd -

• 24th, 2007,

24th, 2007, Thimphu Thimphu, Bhutan , Bhutan

B.Batpurev B.Batpurev, CEO , CEO InfoCon InfoCon, Mongolia , Mongolia & & Mr.

• Mr. Ts.Nyamkhuu

Ts.Nyamkhuu, Director Policy planning department, ICTA , Director Policy planning department, ICTA

• 1. Introduction

COUNTRY OVERVIEW

Area:

1.5 mln. sq. km

Population:

2.7 mln. (2005)

Density:

1.5 per sq. km

• In Ulaanbaatar (capital city):735’000

Geography:

Located between Russian Federation and P.R of China Mountains, forest, steppe, desert

Political system:

Parliamentary Great Khural (Parliament-76 seats)

Administration:

Ulaanbaatar and 21 provinces

Literacy rate:

96.7%

Membership:

UN, ESCAP, WTO, ITU, APT, INTELSAT

Contents

Background information Mongolian ICT sector E-Mongolia National Program Mongolian Language Local language computing Conclusion

Background information

• Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary

schools: 77

• GDP per capita (PPP US$): 2,056 (year 2004)
• Terrain: Vast semi-desert and desert plains, mountains in the west and

southwest, the Gobi Desert in south and southeast.

• Climate: Warm summers and cold winters. Average summer temperature

+20C, average winter temperature -26C. Winter lasts from November to late April. Spring runs from May through June. Summer is from July through to Sept

• Average altitude: 1,580 m above sea-level
• Economy: This traditionally is based on agriculture, livestock breeding

(camels, cow, goats, horses and sheep), and also Mining (mainly gold, coal, copper).

• Religions: Buddhism (94%), Muslim, Shamanism and Christian
• Language: Mongolian. Most Mongols speak Russian as a second language,

but many also speak a third language. English, Japanese, German, French and Chinese are widely spoken in the Ulaanbaatar.

• Gobi desert (extending down into China), with large sand dune areas and

canyons in the Eastern Gobi, the so-called “dinosaur graveyard”.

Mongolian scenes

Governmental Structure for ICT Policy and Regulation

ICT Authority of Mongolia

Prime Minister

Communications Regulatory Commission

Chairman of the ICTA

Vice Chairman Experts council Chairman’s Council Vice Chairman Policy and Planning Dept.. Policy Implementation & Coordination Dept. Public Administration and Cooperation Dept.

Information and Communication Development Center

(policy, planning & implementation) (international cooperation) (supervise and oversee the work of the ICTA) (advise on sectoral policy matters)

Legal framework

• Law on Communications, 1996 and 2002
• Law of Radio wave, 1999
• Postal Law, 2004
• Other laws: Civil code, Anti-Monopoly Law, Customer

Protection Law, Company and Entity Law, Fair competition Law, and etc

• Amendment for “Laws on Custom”

tax-free for computer and its accessories and VAT exception for software products, 2005

• Draft package law on IT (Basic IT Law, Digital

signature Law, e-Commerce Law, e-Governance Law)

Draft package law on IT

Policy and Strategy

Mongolian Telecom Master Plan up to 2010, Ministry of

Infrastructure-MOI, 1994

ICT Vision up to 2010, Parliament of Mongolia, 2000 Telecommunications Sector Mid-term Policy, MOI,

2001

Medium Term Strategy and Frameworks for ICT sector,

MOI, 2002

Government Action Plan (2004-2008), MOI, 2004 E-Government Master Plan Study (2005-2010), ICTA

and KIPA of ROK, 2005

E-Mongolia National Program 2005-2012, ICTA, 2005 Restructuring and Privatization of Mongolian Telecom

Network, 2006-2007 (planned)

Regulatory framework

• Establishment of the Communications Regulatory Council

under the Ministry of Infrastructure (MOI), 1995

• Liberalization of international and domestic telephone

service, cellular mobile market, 1999

• Amendment of Law on Communications, 2002 and

established the Communications Regulatory Commission (CRC) as independent body from policy making authority (license, interconnection, tariff, and dispute issues)- www.crc.gov.mn

Information Infrastructure

Huvsgol Arhangai Uvs BayanUlgii Hovd Zavhan GobiAltai Bayanhongor Uvorhangai Umnogobi

• 6. DORNGOVI

Dundgobi Hentii Òuv Dornod Sukhbaatar Darhan Bulgan

SAINSHAND CHOIR

ULAANBAATAR

Dornogobi Gobisumber Selenge Orhon

Zamyn Uud

Source:ICTA, 2005

Optical Fiber Cable Optical Fiber Cable Digital Microwave links Digital Microwave links

50000 18000 No Cable TV Household 52000 (8 ISP), 1200 No Internet users 169000 13000 <100 PCs (total) 18.4 0.1 No Mobile (per 100 people) 6.4 (10.2 in UB; 0.8 rural) 3.8 1.7 Fixed (per 100 people) 2004 1997 1990

Public Telecommunications Operators and Indicators

Optical fiber-4022.2 Digital MW-4375.0 Analog MW-524.7 VSAT-19 163,600+ 455,100 GSM GPRS 99,900 CDMA-2001x 32,000 WLL CDMA Total Invested and owned by Skytel Optical fiber-80 Digital MW-1600 99,900 CDMA-2001x Skytel company Invested and owned by Mobicom Optical fiber-700 Digital MW-2076 455,100 GSM GPRS 19,000 WLL CDMA MobiCom Corporation Invested and owned by GCD Optical fiber-21 2,800+ 800 WLL CDMA Government Communications Department (GCD) Invested and owned by Mongolian Railway Optical fiber-1,402 13,000+ Mongolian Railway MT is leasing from ICTA Optical fiber-1,840,2 Digital MW-1,009 Analog MW-524.7 VSAT-19 148,500 + 13,000 WLL CDMA Mongolia Telecom (MT)

Comment Transmission network, [km] Number of Subscribers Name of Operator

ISPs and Internet Market

100 sites nationally (Banking network in rural branches, i.e.KHAAN and EREL Bank) Corporate & VSAT only Incomnet 20 sites nationally (Weather forecast information network) Corporate & VSAT only Weather forecast Department 22 sites nationally (Air control traffic) Corporate & VSAT only Civil Aviation Authority Along the railway (from north to south) 2% Railcom Installing a corporate 40 VSAT network in several aimag centres (State Treasury network in 26 sites, Ministry of Finance) 5% MCSCom Offers local dial-up and ADSL 7% Bodicom Academic and research network 9% Erdemnet Offers mobile dial access nationally 11% MobiNet (MobiCom) Offers local dial-up & leased line access nationally in Aimag centres 18% Micom Has leased lines to provide local presence in aimag centres 47% MagicNet

Presence Approximate market share Internet service providers-ISP

Training facilities

National University of Mongolia was established in 1942 National Information Technology Park (Incubation and

management support to new incoming IT companies, support outsourcing), 2002, www.itpark.mn

ICT Training Center (Certified training on Microsoft, Cisco,

Sun, Java and others), 2003, www.icttc.mn

National Distance Learning Network, 2004 Ulaanbaatar Broadband and wireless internet network

company, 2005

Government Video-Conferencing network, 2005 Private and foreign invested colleges and universities (from

1990s)

IT professionals were trained since 1980s

e-Government Master Plan for Mongolia (1)

ICTA developed the Master plan for e-Government program to promote/implement e-Government system with the help of Korean IT Promotion Agency (KIPA), 2005.

VISION: “Building a strong and competitive country by establishing citizen centered, transparent and knowledge based government through utilization of advanced ICT”

e-Government Master Plan for Mongolia (2)

e-Government master plan is a document that answers for the following three questions:

1.

Where we are now? To determine how the current system works and what external factors affect?

2.

Where do we want to reach? To determine how the system of e-governance would work and how different will it be from current system?

3.

How do we reach our goals? To determine how and what types of measures would be implemented? Where we are now? Where do we reach? How do we reach?

e-Government Master Plan for Mongolia (3)

Improvement in National Competitiveness

G2B Transparent G2G Knowledge-based

For improving citizen’s convenience

• Provide online public

service

• Diversify service channel

For transparent/push service

• Release administrative

information and process

• Provide one-stop public

service

For knowledge-based Government

• Computerize government

administration

• Integrate government

information system

• Standardize government

administration

G2C Citizen-centered Infrastructure e-Government Using Ultramodern ICT

For Improving Nation-wide ICT Resources

Favorable ICT-based Facility / National Standard / ICT Literacy & HRD / Law & Regulation / Organization

Legal and Regulatory Framework Infrastructure development Leadership and Reform Interoperability and Applications ICT-enabled Economic Growth Public Awareness and Participation ICT Skills and Human Resources Development

Implications

Vision of e-Mongolia

This policy aims at establishing the information society and founding the knowledge-based society in Mongolia by enhancing extensive applications of ICT in all sectors of society. By 2012, Mongolia will become one of the top ten ICT developed countries in Asia. Designing and implementing new businesses such as e-Commerce, e- Tax, e-Custom, e-Payments, e-Procurement, e-Health, and e-Learning Establishment of an electronic system to expand civil participations Establishment of a unified Information exchange network among Gov. agencies Requirement for the leadership at all levels of e-Government execution Requirement for legislating laws and regulations on ICT Need to build high speed transmission networks throughout Mongolia Establishment of nation-wide Digital Community Centers for business Reduction of the Internet connection fees

Priority Projects of e-Mongolia: 16 goals

GOVERNMENT WEBSITES INTERNET BANK PRIME MINISTERS LISTENING E-COMMERCE PHONE BANKING SMS BANKING E-PAYMENT

VASs FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

Applications

Mongolian Language

Classification

• Mongolian is member of Altaic family,
• Turkic and Tungusic languages
• Possibly Japanese and Korean.
• Mogholi language of Afghanistan.
• Mongolic language group has about 10 languages
• Khalkha (or Halh) dialect (in Mongolia)
• Chahar, Oyirad dialect (in China)
• Barghu-Buryat dialect (in Russia).

Official status

• Khalkha Mongolian is the national language of Mongolia.

Geographic distribution

• Over two million people speak Mongolian throughout Mongolia.
• Total 5million people speak worldwide

Characteristics of Modern Mongol

• Agglutination
• SOV (subject object and verb)
• No gender
• Adjective precedes noun (A noun can have about 7 adjectives)
• 8 cases
• 2 scripts (Cyrillic and Uigarjin)
• A root can have as many as 12 suffixes to form a new word

Mongolian national standards for Local language computing

Computer environment for Mongolian language.

DOS Cyrillic (Mongolian) codepage - MNS 4329-96 Windows Cyrillic (Mongolian) codepage - MNS 4330-96 Windows Macintosh Cyrillic codepage – MNS 4331-96 Cyrillic Mongolian keyboard layout – MNS 4332-96 Romanization (used for sending SMS etc) Unicode approved by MNS, WinXP has MN support

Information Technology – Vocabulary

Fundamental terms – MNS ISO 2382-1:1999 Organization of data - MNS ISO 2382-4:1998 Representation of data– MNS ISO 2382-5:2000 Preparation and Handling of Data – MNS ISO 2382-6:2000 Information theory – MNS ISO 2382-16:1998

Information processing systems – Vocabulary

Equipment technology – MNS ISO 2382-3:1998

Initiatives

• Govt
• Localization of software (Joomla)
• Alleviation of taxes from locally produced software
• Terms standardization (working group)
• Software outsourcing draft master plan
• NGO
• OpenMN - Soyombo Linux, GNOME translation;
• Mongolian Unix User group - Localization & Sysadmin summit;
• MIDAS, MOSA, MISPA and MASCO
• Individual
• Mongolian officially included in GNOME
• Popular software are localized
• Donor supported projects
• IT engineering skills examination (Japan Govt)
• Mongolian TTS, supported by APDIP
• PAN localization phase II (IDRC)
• MIDAS-2, Soros Foundation.

Challenges and obstacles

Lack of legal and regulatory environment (government

position not clear)

Lack of financial support to open source software and

localization projects

Lack of common format for and postal zip coding standards Digital divide (urban and rural areas) Lack of IT literacy and use of PCs Constraints of investment for ICT infrastructure Lack of respect of intellectual property Specific problems for Mongolia (nomadic lifestyle and

population diversity, terrain and natural conditions, underdeveloped basic infrastructure such as road, energy)

NLP: Inconsistency of Mongolian grammar for computing NLP: Lack of dictionaries such as synonym, active words

etc.,

NLP: Lack of skilled computer linguist

General Conclusions

Improvement of legal and regulatory environment Implementing of the e-Government and e-Mongolia

National Program

Strong Political & Governmental Leadership International Cooperation (Experience Sharing and

Learning)

Adaptation of new Technology & Skills Bridging Digital Divide Investing Human Resource Development NLP: No government support NLP: Human resource development and training courses

(at present there are only 1200 software engineers!)

NLP: Develop language resources (corpus, application

etc.,)

NLP: Financial and technical resources are necessary

Thank you for attention

Contact address: B.Batpurev, CEO InfoCon LLC, Mongolia Tel/Fax: 976-11-328469 E-mail: batpurev@infocon.mn http://www.infocon.mn

• Mr. Ts.Nyamkhuu,

Head of the Policy and Planning Department, ICT Authority of Mongolia Tel/Fax: 976-11-312835 E-mail: nyamkhuu@icta.gov.mn http: www.icta.gov.mn