Construction Safety Orders TITLE 8: Division 1, Chapter 4, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Construction Safety Orders

TITLE 8: Division 1, Chapter 4, Subchapter 4. Construction Safety Orders. Article 15. Cranes and Derricks in Construction Section 1610 – 1619 Effective July 7, 2011

What is Construction? (1502)

• These Orders establish minimum safety

standards whenever employment exists in connection with the construction, alteration, painting, repairing, construction maintenance, renovation, removal, or wrecking of any fixed structure or its parts.

• Machines, equipment, processes, and
• perations not specifically covered by

these Orders shall be governed by other applicable general Safety Orders.

What is Construction?

• Landscaping? Tree work? No. Fountains

and other structures? Yes

• Petroleum drilling and refining
• Mining and Tunneling(Underground

Construction)

• Manufacturing
• Work on high voltage lines

Table of Contents

• Scope – 1610.1
• Design Standards – 1610.2
• Definition – 1616.3
• Design, Construction and Testing – 1610.4
• Ground Conditions – 1610.5
• Equipment Modifications – 1610.6
• Fall Protection – 1610.7
• Equipment less than 2000 lbs rated capacity – 1610.8
• Equipment over 3 tons rated capacity – 1610.9
• Assembly/Disassembly – 1611
• Power Line Safety – 1612
• Inspections - 1613
• Wire Rope Selection and Installation Criteria – 1614
• Safety Devices – 1615
• Operations – 1616
• Signals – 1617
• Qualification and Training -1618
• Supplemental Requirements(tower cranes, derricks, floating barges,
• verhead cranes, pile drivers) – 1619

What is a Crane?

California defines it as…A machine for lifting

• r lowering a load and moving it horizontally,

in which the hoisting mechanism is an integral part of the machine.

EXAMPLES LIST

• Dedicated pile drivers
• Service/mechanic trucks with a

hoisting device

• Crane on a monorail
• Tower cranes (such as fixed jib

(“hammerhead boom”), luffing boom and self-erecting)

• Pedestal cranes
• Portal cranes
• Overhead and gantry cranes
• Straddle cranes
• Sideboom cranes
• Derricks

. . . and variations of such equipment.

• Articulating cranes (such as

knuckle-boom cranes)

• Crawler cranes
• Floating cranes
• Cranes on barges
• Locomotive cranes
• Mobile cranes

(such as wheel-mounted, rough- terrain, all-terrain, commercial truck-mounted, and boom truck cranes)

• Multi-purpose machines

when configured to hoist and lower (by means of a winch or hook) and horizontally move a suspended load

• Industrial cranes (such as

carry-deck cranes)

What is excluded?

• (1) Machinery included in subsection (a) while it has been

converted or adapted for a non-hoisting/lifting use. Such conversions/ adaptations include, but are not limited to, power shovels, excavators and concrete pumps.

• (2) Power shovels, excavators, wheel loaders, backhoes,

loader backhoes, track loaders. This machinery is also excluded when used with chains, slings or other rigging to lift suspended loads.

• (3) Automotive wreckers and tow trucks when used to

clear wrecks and haul vehicles.

What is excluded(cont.)?

• (4) Digger derricks when used for augering holes for poles

carrying electric and telecommunication lines, placing and removing the poles, and for handling associated materials to be installed on or removed from the poles.

• (A) Digger derricks used in work subject to the Electrical

Safety Orders shall comply with Section 2940.7 of those Safety Orders.

• (B) Digger derricks used in construction work for

telecommunication service (as defined in the Telecommunication Safety Orders) shall comply with those Safety Orders.

What is excluded(cont)?

• (5) Machinery originally designed as vehicle-mounted

aerial devices (for lifting personnel) and self-propelled elevating work platforms.

• (6) Telescopic/hydraulic gantry systems.
• (7) Stacker cranes.
• (8) Powered industrial trucks (forklifts), except when

configured to hoist and lower (by means of a winch or hook) and horizontally move a suspended load.

• (9) Mechanic’s truck with a hoisting device when used in

activities related to equipment maintenance and repair.

• (10) Machinery that hoists by using a come-a-long or

chainfall.

What is excluded(cont)?

(8) Powered industrial trucks (forklifts), except when configured to hoist and lower (by means of a winch or hook hoist) and horizontally move a suspended load.

“A forklift with a boom attachment affixed to its forks that uses a hook to raise and lower the load like a crane would be covered by subpart CC. However, as noted in the preamble to the proposed rule, a forklift would be excluded from the coverage of subpart CC when its sole means of suspending a load is a chain wrapped around the forks.”—Federal Register

What is excluded(cont)?

• (11) Dedicated drilling rigs.
• (12) Gin poles when used for the erection of

communication towers.

• (13) Anchor handling or dredge related operations with a

vessel or barge using an affixed A-frame.

• (14) Roustabouts.
• (15) Helicopter cranes.

Rationale: Scope of Rule

Crane Operation Fatalities *

Electrocution 198 (39%) Assembly/disassembly 58 (12%) Boom buckle/collapse 41 (8%) Crane upset/overturn 37 (7%) Rigging failure

36 (7%)

Overloading 22 (4%)

*Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 152 / Monday, August 9, 2010

Struck by load 22 (4%) Manlift Accidents 21 (4%) Work in swing radius 17 (3%) Two-blocking 11 (2%) Hoist limitations 7 (1%) Other causes 32 (6%)

All Crane Types Mobile Cranes

• 1. Instability

67 49

• a. Unsecured Load

34 6

• b. Load Capacity

Exceeded 29

• c. Ground not level/too

soft 4

• 2. Lack of

Communication 32 24

• 3. Electrical Contact

13 10

• 4. Misc. in 14 Categories

46 32

• Most Frequent Causes: All Crane Types (N-158) & Mobile Cranes (N-115)

POWER LINES

Identify Work Zone

Work Zone = Marking boundaries (flags, range limit device or range control warning device)

• r

Defining the work zone as 360 degrees around crane up to maximum working radius

POWER LINE SAFETY

Two ways of identifying work zone

First, if the equipment (crane, load, load line,

• r rigging) could not get closer than 20 feet

to the line even if the crane is operated at its maximum working radius, the 20-foot requirement is satisfied.

Two ways of identifying work zone (cont.)

Alternatively, you may establish a work zone by establishing boundaries (using flags or a device such as a range limit device or range control warning device) that are more than 20 feet from the power line and prohibiting the operator from operating the equipment past those boundaries.

350 KV or less

Determine if any part of the equipment, load line or load (including rigging and lifting accessories), if operated up to the equipment’s maximum working radius in the work zone, could get closer than 20 feet to a power line.

Could the crane get within 20 feet of power line?

YES NO Option #1 Deenergize & Ground Encroachment Prevention Measures

(Equipment Operations)

Option #3 Ask Utility for Voltage and Use Table A (with minimum

clearance distance)

Option #2 20-foot clearance No further action

• Planning meeting
• If tag lines used Non-conductive
• Elevated warning lines, barricade
• r line of signs
• PLUS (Choose one):
• Spotter, warning device, or range

limiter. (Proximity Device and Insulating link not an option in California)

Voltage (nominal, kV, alternating current) Minimum clearance distance (feet) up to 50 10

• ver 50 to 175

15

• ver 175 to 350

20

• ver 350 to 550

27

• ver 550 to 1,000

45

• ver 1,000

(as established by the utility

• wner/operator or registered

professional engineer who is a qualified person with respect to electrical power transmission and distribution).

TABLE A—California

TABLE A—California

Nominal voltage Minimum Required (Phase to Phase) Clearance (Feet) 600..... 50,000 10

• ver 50,000.... 75,000 11
• ver 75,000... 125,000 13
• ver 125,000.. 175,000 15
• ver 175,000.. 250,000 17
• ver 250,000.. 370,000 21
• ver 370,000.. 550,000 27
• ver 550,000 1,000,000 42

New CSO Article 15 Table A Existing HVESO §2946 Table 2 Voltage (nominal, kV, alternating current) Minimum clearance distance (feet) up to 50 10

• ver 50 to 175

15

• ver 175 to 350

20

• ver 350 to 550

27

• ver 550 to 1,000

45

• ver 1,000

(as established

Power lines

• 20 foot rule (350 KV or less)
• 10 foot rule
• 50 foot rule (more than 350 KV)

General rules

• Power lines presumed energized
• The employer shall train each operator

and crew member

• Operations below power lines

prohibited…unless you have to, then it is allowed

Voltage over 350 KV

Replace 20 foot with 50 foot For power lines over 1000 kV, the minimum clearance distance shall be established by the utility owner/operator or registered professional engineer who is a qualified person with respect to electrical power transmission and distribution

Work Over Power Line

• The new standard does not address work
• ver power lines
• Title 8 CCR 2946 prohibits it
• What about DC?

Insulating Link

• Insulating link/device means an insulating

device listed, labeled, or accepted by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.7.

• Not a requirement in California

Proximity Alarm

• Proximity alarm is a device that provides a

warning of proximity to a power line and that has been listed, labeled, or accepted by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.7

• Not a requirement in California

California’s standard

• CDAC allows encroachment of Table A
• California does not.
• 10 foot rule
• Insulating links and proximity devices may

be used in California (not a requirement)

If you are an electrical utility

• r contractor for a utility…

PGE SCE SMUD ???? LADWP SMUD

Scope of Electrical Safety Orders

• These High-Voltage Electrical Safety Orders are

intended to establish essential requirements and minimum standards for the installation,

• peration, and maintenance of electrical

installations and equipment to provide practical safety and such freedom from danger to personnel as the employment reasonably permits.

• These orders are not to be regarded as a design

specification or an instruction manual for untrained personnel.

T8CCR 2940.7(c)

• (1) Derrick trucks, cranes and other lifting

equipment shall comply with Articles 91 through 100 of the General Industry Safety Orders…

• What happened to the Construction Safety

Orders?

Scope of New Crane Standard (T8CCR 1610.1(e))

• For work covered by the High-Voltage

Electrical Safety Orders, compliance with those Orders is deemed compliance with Section 1611.5 and Sections 1612.1 through 1612.4.

Deemed in compliance with what???

• 1611.5

Power line safety Assembly and disassembly

• 1612.1

Power line safety – Equipment Operations

• 1612.2

Power line safety (over 350 KV)

• 1612.3

Power line safety – Closer than Table A

• 1612.4

Power line safety – In Transit

What about the rest of the Standard?

• Compliance is mandatory, unless

specifically excluded(ie, digger derricks)

• HVESO points to the General Industry

Safety Orders

ASSEMBLY / DISASSEMBLY

ASSEMBLY / DISASSEMBLY

• Two options:

Manufacturer procedures

• r

Employer procedures

(criteria requirements)

• General requirements, such as:

– A/D Director = “competent & qualified person” – A/D Director must:

• Understand procedures
• Review procedures (unless A/D Director has used

them before)

• Check that crew members understand their tasks,

hazards – Follow manufacturer’s prohibitions – All rigging work is done by a Qualified Rigger – When using outriggers - fully extend or deploy as per the load chart

ASSEMBLY / DISASSEMBLY

Employer Procedures(1611.4)

• Prevent unintended dangerous movement, and

prevent collapse, of any part of the equipment.

• Provide adequate support and stability of all

parts of the equipment.

• Position employees involved in the

assembly/disassembly operation so that their exposure to unintended movement or collapse

• f part or all of the equipment is minimized.
• Qualified person. Employer procedures shall be

developed by a qualified person.

• Cannot use synthetic slings

Synthetic sling

Slings will start to rip at the corners with out softeners.

GROUND CONDITIONS

Controlling Entity must Inform equipment user &

• perator of

known underground hazards (voids, utilities, etc.)

Who is controlling entity?

An employer that is a prime contractor, general contractor, construction manager or any other legal entity which has the overall responsibility for the construction of the project – its planning, quality and completion

GROUND CONDITIONS

Controlling Entity:

Provide adequate conditions

• Firm, drained

and graded

• Sufficient to

support crane (in conjunction with blocking, mats, etc.)

GROUND CONDITIONS

The equipment must not be assembled or used unless ground conditions are firm, drained, and graded to a sufficient extent so that, in conjunction (if necessary) with the use of supporting materials, the equipment manufacturer’s specifications for adequate support and degree of level of the equipment are met.

Equipment Modification

• Equipment cannot be modified unless

manufacturer approves it.

• If the manufacturer fails to act on a

request, a registered professional engineer can approve the modification

OPERATOR CERTIFICATION

CRANES & DERRICKS

WORKER PARTICIPATION

• Training

– Workers must be trained to recognize and avoid hazards. – Workers must understand this training

• Provided in a manner they understand

– Oral/written training

• Provided in a language they understand

– Some Spanish language materials are already available through OSHA

• OPTION 1:

Accredited testing organization

• OPTION 2:

State/local gov’t license Federal CDAC has four

• ptions

OPERATOR QUALIFICATION / CERTIFICATION

• OPTION 1:

Accredited testing

• rganization
• OPTION 2:

State/local license

Testing Criteria

OPERATOR QUALIFICATION / CERTIFICATION

• Knowledge (written test):

– Controls/performance characteristics – Calculate capacity – Preventing power line contact – Ground conditions & equipment support – Use and locate info in

• perating manual

– Appendix C subjects

• Practical test

Develops and administers the tests (written & practical) to certify

• perators

Accredited Testing Organization Nationally Recognized Accrediting Agency

Option 1: Accredited Testing Organization

Determines compliance with testing & test administration criteria

Different tests for Different capacity/ type of equipment

Option 2: State/local government license State/local government license

• ffice

Determines license office complies with testing/test administration criteria State/local government authority that oversees licensing office Issues operator license

OPERATOR QUALIFICATION / CERTIFICATION

Accredited testing

• rganization

YES * 5 years Audited Employer Program Not valid in California U.S. Military license Not valid in California State/local license NO * Valid only in jurisdiction Set by issuing entity, not > 5 years Portable Valid

* Subject to State & Local requirements and whether or not the military/state training meets accredited requirements.

1618.1 – Operator Certification

• Based on the requirements of T8CCR 5006.1
• Physical and Drug testing requirement
• All mobile cranes exceeding 7 ½ tons or boom length over 25 feet

requires a certified operator(including knuckle booms).

• New standard requires certification of all operator of cranes over

2000 lbs. (Except for articulating boom cranes)

• Crane between 2,000 lbs capacity and 7 ½ tons capacity have until

July 7, 2015 to obtain certification for operator

• Signal person –

when required:

– Point of operation not in full view of

• perator

– View of direction of travel is obstructed – Site-specific safety concerns

• Signal Types:

– Hand, voice, audible or “new” – Only time an

• perator can

use a cell phone while

• perating a

crane (but must be hands free)

SIGNALS

Knowledge of Signal Person

• Types of signals to be

used (hand, voice)

• Competent with

signals

• Limitations of

equipment including crane dynamics in swinging, raising, lowering and stopping loads

• Boom deflection when

lifting loads

• Qualification

requirements for signal persons

• Passes oral or written

exam and practical test

• Documentation at

work site

Qualifications

Third party qualified evaluator Yes Yes Employer qualified evaluator Yes No

Qualified how Documentation Portable

SIGNAL PERSON

INSPECTIONS

CRANES & DERRICKS

Modified or repaired/adjusted Certificating Agency /Qualifed person Post-assembly Qualified person Shift Competent person Quarterly Competent person Annual Certificating Agency

Type of Inspection:

Who Inspects:

INSPECTIONS

Annual Inspection

Disassembly is required, as necessary, to complete the inspection; however, whenever it is practical and advisable to avoid disassembly of equipment, removal of pins, etc., examination of structure or parts by electronic, ultrasonic, or other nondestructive methods shall be carried out.

Annual Inspection

This inspection shall include functional testing to determine that the equipment as configured in the inspection is functioning properly.

Modified or repaired/adjusted Yes and No Post-assembly No Shift No Quarterly Yes Annual Yes(by certificating agency

Type of Inspection:

Required?

Documentation

Wire Rope Inspection

 At the start of each shift (1613.10) and monthly.  Annual Inspection  Category I, II, and III  Category 1 – qualified person to determine if safe  Category II – Removal from service, replacement or recommendation of wire rope manufacturer  Category III – Removal from service or replacement,

• r shortening rope

Category I

• Significant distortion: kinking, crushing,

unstranding, birdcaging, core failure or steel core protrusion

• Significant corrosion
• Electric arc damage (not power lines) or

heat damage.

• Improperly applied end connections
• Significantly corroded, cracked, bent,

worn end connections

Category II (Visible Broken Wires)

• Running wire ropes: 6 broken wires in 1

rope lay or 3 in 1strand in 1 rope lay

• Rotation resistant ropes: 2 broken wires in

6 rope diameters; 4 in 30 rope diameters.

• In pendants/standing wire ropes: 2+

broken wires in 1 rope lay beyond end connections; at an end connection.

• A diameter reduction of more than 5%

from nominal diameter.

Category III

• In rotation resistant wire rope, core

protrusion or other distortion indicating core failure.

• Prior electrical contact with a power line.
• A broken strand.
• See Handout pages

Qualified Rigger

• Qualified rigger appears 3 times in the

standard

• 1. Def—Qualified rigger is a rigger who

meets the criteria for a qualified person

• 2. When workers must be in the fall zone

to handle a load, the load must be rigged by a qualified rigger.

• 3. Is required when assembling and

disassembling a crane

Qualified Person

A person designated by the employer who by reason of training, experience or instruction has demonstrated the ability to safely perform all assigned duties and, when required, is properly licensed in accordance with federal, state, or local laws and regulations.

Qualified Rigger

• A Qualified Rigger does not need to be

certified by a third party.

• An employer can train and instruct their

employees to rig.

• Proposed Changes will require all loads to

be rigged by a qualified rigger

SAFETY DEVICES AND OPERATIONAL AIDS

SAFETY DEVICES

• Safety devices are required and

must be operational at all times

• Include:

– Crane level indicator – Boom/Jib stops (except derricks) – Integral holding device/check valve for outrigger and stabilizer jacks

Crane Level

Boom stop

OPERATIONAL AIDS

Operational aids are required but

temporary alternative measures are also allowed while operational aids are being repaired.

OPERATIONAL AIDS

Boom hoist limiting device, luffing jib limiting device, and anti two- blocking device. Replacement of parts: Must be repaired within 7 days of discovery of deficiency.

Boom Hoist Limit Device

Includes boom hoist disengaging device, boom hoist shut-off, boom hoist disconnect, boom hoist hydraulic relief, boom hoist kick-

• uts, automatic boom stop device, or

derricking limiter. This type of device disengages boom hoist power when the boom reaches a predetermined operating

• angle. It also sets brakes or closes valves to

prevent the boom from lowering after power is disengaged.

Luffing Jib Limiting Device

Similar to a boom hoist limiting device, except that it limits the movement of the luffing jib.

Anti-two block device

OPERATIONAL AIDS

Category II Devices Boom angle or radius indicator, boom length indicator, load weighing devices, jib angle indicator, outrigger/stabilizer position sensor/monitor, and hoist drum rotation indicator. Replacement of parts: Must be repaired within 30 days of discovery of deficiency.

Boom Angle Indicator

OPERATIONAL AIDS

Exception: employer has documented that it

• rdered the part and then repaired the

equipment within 7 days of receipt of the replacement part.

OPERATIONS

• The employer shall comply with all manufacturer

procedures applicable to the operational functions of equipment, including its use with attachments.

• Operators cannot be engaged in activities that

distract her or his attention while operating the equipment (for example, no cellular phone use unless used for signaling).

Philip Yow Senior Safety Engineer Cal/OSHA Crane Unit 714-567-7142