Comparative appraisal of pretreatment strategies for improving the biogas yield from flower waste Vivekanand Centre for Energy and Environment Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur (Rajasthan) INDIA 7 th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management Heraklion, Greece
Problem/Opportunity Production of loose flowers 1659 x 10 6 kg and 484 x 10 6 kg cut flowers in 2015-16 (APEDA; Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India) About 40% of the total production of flowers are unsold and wasted daily Waste flower mix (WFM), roadside verges, local municipal sanitary sites, city’s worship places usually not used, adverse impact on socio-economic development of city. Process of dumping flower waste may loose its associated energy value. Nation-wide environmental and economic aims. Utilizing WFM to generate renewable fuel (here biogas) may be one possibility. 2
Solution Collection from worship places, situated in Jaipur (India). Collection from worship places, situated in Jaipur (India). WFM: marigold, red rose, china rose, daffodil and Chrysanthemum . Shredded, WFM: marigold, red rose, china rose, daffodil and Chrysanthemum . Shredded, stored at 4 0 C until used. stored at 4 0 C until used. Active microbial inoculum collected from a local active biogas plant, Jaipur Active microbial inoculum collected from a local active biogas plant, Jaipur running large-scale continuous stirred type bioreactor of capacity 60 m 3 . running large-scale continuous stirred type bioreactor of capacity 60 m 3 . Acidic, alkaline and liquid hot water pretreatment was performed. Acidic, alkaline and liquid hot water pretreatment was performed. Characterization of untreated and pretreated WFM. Characterization of untreated and pretreated WFM. Biomethane potential was determined. Biomethane potential was determined. 3
Characteristics of WFM and Inoculum Pa ra m e te rs Wa s te fo w e r m ix In o cu lum DM % 15.0 ± 0.7 7.5 ± 0.05 ODM % 93.27± 1.8 65.29 ± 1.2 Moisture % 85.0 ± 0.3 92.5 ± 0.9 C % 44.3 ± 1.3 35.13 ± 1.8 H % 7.8 ± 0.5 4.35 ± 0.7 N % 1.4 ± 0.2 1.7 ± 0.3 C/N 31.64 ± 0.6 20.67 ± 0.6 pH 6.68 ± 0.5 7.58 ± 0.1 DM: Dry matter; ODM: Oven dry matter Characteristics of untreated waste flower mix and inoculum 4
Pretreatment of WFM Acidic pretreatment: CH 3 COOH Concentration: 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% (w/w, at 70 ± 1 o C) Time: 1.5 hours Alkaline pretreatment: Ca(OH) 2 Concentration: 0.5, 1, 1.5% (w/w, at RT i.e. 24 ± 1 o C) Time: 4 and 7 hours Untreated waste flower mix Liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment: Feedstock: (1g : 10 ml) Temperature: 50, 70 and 90 o C Time: 5, 10 and 15 minutes 5
Acidic Pretreatment of WFM Acidic pretreatment: Temperature: 70 ± 1 o C; Time: 1.5 hours Dried WFM after pretreatment Pretreated WFM 6
Acidic Pretreatment: Characterization of WFM CH 3 COOH (%) TS (%) VS (%) Ash content (%) Untreated 96.54 95.33 4.77 0.5 95.83 95.48 4.52 1 95.71 95.48 4.29 1.5 95.16 95.98 4.84 2 95.07 95.68 4.32 Characteristic of untreated and pretreated WFM TS: Total solid, VS: volatile solid Untreated and pretreated WFM (A) untreated (B) 0.5% (C) 1.0% (D) 1.5% (E) 2.0% FTIR spectra of untreated and pretreated WFM 7
Acidic Pretreatment: Biogas Production Biogas production from untreated and pretreated WFM 8
Alkaline Pretreatment: Characterization of WFM Ca(OH) 2 , concentration: 0.5, 1, 1.5% (w/w, at RT i.e. 24 ± 1 o C), Time: 4 and 7 hours Ca (OH) 2 (%) TS (%) VS (%) As h co nt e n t (%) 0 91.7 97.1 2.8 0.5 90.7 96.5 3.5 4 hrs 1 90.2 95.6 4.3 1.5 90.8 89.1 5.2 0 91.3 96.9 3.6 0.5 89.6 94.8 5.1 7 hrs 1 88.4 94.2 5.7 1.5 88.1 92.3 7.7 Untreated 95.7 97.2 2.7 Physical charecteristics of WFM FTIR spectra of untreated and pretreated WFM 9
Alkaline pretreatment: Characterization of flower waste Ca(OH) 2 ; Concentration: 0.5, 1, 1.5% (w/w, at RT i.e. 24 ± 1 o C); Time: 4 and 7 hours 1 0
Alkaline pretreatment: Biogas production Biogas production from untreated and pretreated WFM 1 1
LHW Pretreatment: Characterization of WFM 7 0 de g /Tim e TS (%) VS (%) As h co n te n t (%) 0 91.7 97.1 2.8 5 90.4 95.7 3.3 10 90.1 94.2 4.7 15 89.7 88.3 5.6 Characteristic of untreated and pretreated WFM TS: Total solid, VS: volatile solid, time in min Pretreated WFM 70 deg, 15 min Untreated WFM 1 2
Liquid hot water pretreatment: Biogas production LHW pretreatment: Temperature: 50,70 and 90 ± 1 o C; Time: 5,10 ad 15 min Biogas production from untreated and pretreated WFM 1 3
Conclusions Anaerobic digestion of waste flower mix, it proved to be attractive substrate for biogas production. Three different pretreatment strategy for improved methanogenesis. Liquid hot water (15 min, 70 deg) improved biogas yield by 1.86-fold higher compared to untreated flower waste, followed by alkaline and acidic pretreatment. No requirement of catalyst and chemicals Low temperature required Washing step is not necessary Large scale application 14
Acknowledgements Collaborators Dr V Balan - Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA Dr Alexander Bauer - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Dr Aakash Chawade - Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden Dr Shyam K Masakpalli - IIT Mandi (HP) Dr Nidhi Pareek - Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer (Raj) Bioenergy Group Former Members Kunwar Paritosh (MTech student) Current Members Paras Gandhi (MTech student) Monika Yadav (PhD student) Subodh Kumar (MTech student) Kunwar Paritosh (PhD student) Anand Kumar (MTech student) Apoorva Upadhyay (PhD student) Kishan Kumar (MTech student) Aakashdeep singh (MTech student) Jacob Hermann (Intern from Germany) Arnab Saha (MTech student) Markus Edger (Intern from Germany) Philippe Reindl (Intern from Germany) Raphael Albang (Intern from Germany) 1 5
THANK YOU
Recommend
More recommend
