Click to edit Master title style • Second level • Third level • Fourth level • Fifth level Nutr triti tion and Your Di Diet t Presented by: \ Sue ue C Cha hapman, RDN, LD, CNSC Saint Mary’s Regional Medical Center
Click to edit Master title style LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Second level • Third level • Understand recommendations from AICR/WCRF on • Fourth level Nutrition and Cancer. • Fifth level • Recommendations from American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Oncology Practice Group • Useful applications and goals for nutrition. • Confirm current healthy nutrition practices! • Ideas for applying nutrition recommendations.
Click to edit Master title style Agenda • Second level PART ONE: • Third level • Recommendation from the American Institute For Cancer Research (AICR) • Fourth level and The World Cancer Research Fund (WRCF) • Fifth level 1. Be a healthy weight 2. Be physically active 3. Eat a diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits and beans 4. Limit consumption of “fast foods” and other processed foods 5. Limit consumption of red and processed meats 6. Limit consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks 7. Limit alcohol consumption 8. Do not use supplements for cancer prevention 9. Breastfeeding 10. After cancer diagnosis, follow recommendations
Click to edit Master title style Agenda continued… • Second level PART TWO: • Third level • Fourth level • Cooking tips • Fifth level • Kitchen tips • Tips for healthy eating • Hands on demonstration: • Seasoning recipe • Fruit dip recipe • Smoothie recipe
Click to edit Master title style 1. Be a Healthy Weight • Second level • Third level • Keep your weight within healthy range and avoid • Fourth level weight gain in adult life • Fifth level • Next to not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight is the most important thing you can do to reduce your risk of cancer. • Aim to be at the lower end of the healthy Body Mass index (BMI) range.
Click to edit Master title style 1. Be a healthy weight • Second level How does being overweight increase cancer risk? • Third level • Excess body fat is associated with insulin resistance • Fourth level • ↑ levels of insulin and increase in IGF - 1 = ↑ growth of cancer cell • Fifth level • Body fat: adipose tissue is the site for making estrogen in post menopausal women • Being overweight is linked to inflammation • Be as lean as possible without being underweight. Increase lean body mass, reduce adipose tissue • Less likely to develop cancer as well as other chronic diseases • Goal: Healthy weight achievement
Click to edit Master title style 1. Healthy weight continued… • Second level RECOMMENDATIONS: Gender Waist circumference (inches) • Third level Men < 37 • Fourth level • Goal: Women < 31.5 • Fifth level When in remission and/or not undergoing cancer treatment, modest amounts of weight loss reduces your risk of cancer • Take home message • This is a time to heal, reenergize, and begin to feel whole again • Try to avoid dieting and stress around weight and weight loss
Click to edit Master title style 2. Physical Activity • Second level • Always consult your doctor before beginning any • Third level exercise program • Fourth level • Fifth level • Physical activity in any form helps to lower cancer risk. • Aim to build more activity, like brisk walking, into your routine • Minimum of 150 minutes moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous activity a week. • For cancer prevention/weight control: work toward 45-60 minutes moderate intensity physical activity.
Click to edit Master title style 2. Physical Activity continued… • Second level RECOMMENDATIONS: • Third level • Set a goal- i.e. 20 minutes • Fourth level • Fifth level • Re-evaluate after meeting first goal • Regardless of BMI, being active in itself helps prevent cancer • Tips to reduce sitting time • Stationary bike/treadmill while watching TV • Take the stairs instead of the elevator
Click to edit Master title style 2. Physical Activity continued… • Second level • Third level • Being physically active doesn’t have to mean going • Fourth level to the gym • Fifth level • How does physical activity reduce the risk of cancer? • Reduce weight gain/help with weight loss • Healthier levels of body fat • Reduces the bioavailability of hormones like estrogen • Speeds up gut transit time
Click to edit Master title style 3. Plant foods Whole grains, vegetables, fruits, beans • Second level • Third level Phytochemicals have potential to: • Fourth level • Stimulate immune system • Fifth level • Prevent substances from becoming carcinogens • Reduce inflammation/reduce cancer growth • Prevent DNA damage/assist with repair • Reduce oxidative damage • Prevent reproduction of damaged cells • Help regulate hormones
Click to edit Master title style 3. Plant Foods continued…. • Second level • What makes plant foods protective against • Third level cancer? • Fourth level • Fifth level • Protection: ( rich in phytochemicals ) • Non-starchy vegetables and fruits (dark green,orange) • Allium vegetables: garlic, onion, leeks (stomach) • Garlic and foods that contain fiber (colorectal) • Whole grain consumption (colorectal) • Lycopene products: tomato (prostate)
Click to edit Master title style 3.Plant Foods continued… • Second level RECOMMENDATIONS: (AICR’s New American Plate) • Third level • Eat 5 servings a day of a variety of non-starchy • Fourth level vegetables and fruits • Fifth level • Eat unprocessed grains and/or legumes with each meal • Reduce and limit consumption of refined starchy foods • Plant protein sources
4. Limit consumption of “fast foods” and Click to edit Master title style other processed foods • Second level • Third level • Fourth level • Limiting these foods helps control intake • Fifth level and maintain a healthy weight • There is strong evidence that consuming these foods are causes of weight gain,overweight and obesity • Linked to 12 cancers
Click to edit Master title style 5. Animal Foods • Second level • Why red meat and processed meats increase risk of • Third level cancer? • Fourth level • Fifth level RECOMMENDATIONS: • If you eat red meat, eat less than 18 oz a week • Poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy products may be better alternatives than red meat • Any amount of processed meat has shown to increase the risk of cancer • Avoid all processed meats (contain nitrates and salts)
6. Limit consumption of sugar Click to edit Master title style sweetened drinks • Second level • Third level • Drink mostly water and unsweetened drinks • Fourth level • Avoid sugary drinks • Fifth level • Can promote overconsumption of calories Recommendation • Avoid overconsuming sugar sweetened beverages
Click to edit Master title style 7.Alcoholic Drinks • Second level • How does alcohol increase cancer risk? • Third level • ethanol acetaldehyde (carcinogen) • Fourth level • Ethanol helps carcinogens enter cells • Fifth level • Alcohol metabolism can damage cell DNA • For cancer prevention, it’s best not to drink alcohol • If you choose to drink alcohol, however, limit your consumption to one drink for women and two for men per day
Click to edit Master title style 8. Supplementation • Second level • Some supplements increase the risk for cancer • Third level • Beta- carotene: ↑ the risk of lung cancer • Fourth level • Fifth level • Aim to meet nutritional needs through diet alone • The panel does not discourage the use of multivitamins or specific subsections of the population who stand to benefit from them (child bearing age, elderly). • Caution against expecting any dietary supplement to lower cancer risk as well as a healthy diet can • Always consult your doctor or dietitian before taking any type of supplement
Click to edit Master title style 9. Breastfeeding • Second level • The greater amount of time a mother breastfeeds, the • Third level lower risk for pre/post menopausal breast cancer • Fourth level • Fifth level RECOMMENDATIONS: • Breastfeed exclusively for first 6 months of life • Immune protection to babies as well as less likely to become overweight later in life
Click to edit Master title style 10. Cancer Survivors • Second level • Refers to those diagnosed with cancer, including those • Third level that have recovered, from time of diagnosis and forward • Fourth level • Fifth level • After treatment, there may be special needs • The ability to consume or metabolize foods may be altered with treatment • Recommend counseling with a health professional • Increase survivorship: monitor risk for new health issues • Recommendations for Cancer to be followed by cancer survivors
Click to edit Master title style Question and Answer • Second level Emerging Topics: • Third level • Fourth level • Omega-3 fatty acids-cold water fish,flax,nuts • Fifth level • Soy foods • Flaxseed: ALA, Plant Lignans (converted to enterolignans) Omega- 3 • Green tea: EGCG-powerful antioxidant, ?inhibit cancer • Does sugar feed cancer? ANY QUESTIONS?
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