Challenges of Urmia Lake and Restoration Program Prepared by: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Challenges of Urmia Lake and Restoration Program Prepared by: International Cooperation Division, ULRP August 2017 1 IRAN: 6 main hydrological Basins; Area of the Urmia Lake Basin:52,000 Sq.Km Area of the Urmia Lake- Water
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Challenges of Urmia Lake and Restoration Program
Prepared by: International Cooperation Division, ULRP August 2017
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Urmia Lake Basin
IRAN: 6 main hydrological Basins; Area of the Urmia Lake Basin:52,000 Sq.Km Area of the Urmia Lake- Water Body (original size): 5,000 Sq.Km Population: 6,000,000 (2011) Provinces: West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan, Kurdistan
Ecological Values of the wetlands in Urmia Lake Basin
Urmia lake
Lake and some of satellite wetlands.
Urmia Lake and satellite wetlands.
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White Pelican breading in Urmia Lake islands –
Ecological Values (continue):
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Urmia lake status variation during last 100 years
Levels of Urmia Lake 1965 - 2016
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Level (m) t (Year)
Highest level: 1278.1m in 1995 Lowest level: 1270.06m in 2015
Ecological Level (1274.1 m)
1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016
8 meters declined
Lake Urmia
Challenges (continue):
and Migration of Wildlife to outside of the lake
Date: Dec. 2010
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Agricultural lands around the dried lake are drying out
Had Urmia lake been dried up during its history? Except from the observations of the last decades, do geological evidences confirm natural lake dry up due to global warming?
200000 year hydrological fluctuation in Urmia Lake
Urmia lake 2014
Reference: Stevens et al. (2012)
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The main reasons for drying up of Urmia lake Since 1975
1. More than triple times growth of the area of the cultivation lands 2. Increasing support of a considerable number
reservoirs and large irrigation network
temperature Human Activities Climate Change
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1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 1995 2001 2006 2012
Climate variation in Urmia lake basin
Long-term mean precipitation series in Urmia lake basin
Reference: Ministry of Energy (2013)
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Mean temperature fluctuation in Urmia lake basin
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 1995 2001 2006 2012
Reference: Ministry of Energy (2013)
Temperature (°C) t (year)
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The variation of runoff entering the lake
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 1995 2001 2006 2012
Reference: Ministry of Energy (2013)
t (year) Flow (MCM)
Shahar Chai Declined 71% Nazloo River Declined 57% Rozeh Chai Delined 56% Zola river Declined 66%
Reference: Iran Water Resources management Company Declining of surface water runoff to the lake comparing two periods: Before crisis 1966-1996 After crisis 1997- 2012
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2013-2014
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Reference: Remote Sensing Research Center, Sharif University of Technology
Reference: Tourian et al. (2015)
Reference: Tourian et al. (2015)
Irrigated Area Changes
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Orchards increased %33 and irrigated lands increased %105
Reference: Fatahian (2012)
Irrigated Land (2013)
Reference: Remote Sensing Research Center, Sharif University of Technology
Irrigated Land Basin boundary
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Location of the wells in three provinces
Wells located in East Azerbaijan
Wells located in Kurdistan
Wells located in West Azerbaijan 107000 wells are available in the basin which are consuming surface water then no water can reach the lake.
Year 2002 2007 2012
Number
64400 88900 107000
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5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000 60000 65000 70000 75000 80000 85000 90000
Number
يبآ لاس
Trend of the number of wells
1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2005 2010 2014
Shallow wells
Total
Deep wells
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100 200 300 400 500 600 1353 1358 1363 1368 1373 1378 1383 1388 1393
1000 ha
1978 1985 1995 2005 2010 2014 Trend of irrigation land changes
1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 11 10 12 13 14 15 6
Unauthorized water withdrawal from surface water
Crop Pattern changes
2006 1994 Crop 511926 381751
Total Irrigated Land
36 % 43 %
Grains
20 % 25 %
Fodder
1.5 % 2.6 %
Cereals
0.24 % 1.6 %
Oil Seeds
4.4 % 1.9 %
Sugar beet
%
Vegetables
3.5 % 3.8 %
Potato
30 % 16 %
Orchards
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Challenges (continue):
causeway
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Report of the Ministry of Energy about the share
31% 69%
Natural Factors Human factors
Natural factors:
degrees in the last two decades of the long period of 45 years
Human factors:
due to the construction of dams and withdrawal of groundwater resources
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Estimate of future water availability and impacts
Reference: Shadkam et al. (2016)
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Estimate of future water availability and impacts
Reference: Shadkam et al. (2016)
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1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 11 10 12 13 14 15 6
Challenges :
Salt Density: 400 g/L - Date: Dec. 2010
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bed of Urmia Lake – Summer 2013
Changes in the area of Urmia lake and its Albedo
500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 AREA OF URMIA LAKE (SQ.KM) َ ALBEDO YEAR
Albedo of U.L Area of the U.L
From 2007 to 2013, Urmia lake’s Albedo has improved fourth fold and total lake and dried up regions Albedo has grown as much as 2.5 times as its previous value.
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July 1999
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September 2013
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September 2014
Increase in desert areas due to the recession of the Lake
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Sand movement in west margin of Urmia Lake (Jebel-Kandy region) January 2015
Introducing Urmia lake as one of the main centers in the Middle East
( Ginoux et al., 2012 )
Zone number Maximum
(km2) Repetition number 1 39 1
2
88 6 3 23 1 4 23 4 5 44 4
Dust production zones
1 2 3 4 5
The main production centers of detected dust
Locating sites of ongoing consolidation measures dust
يكشخ موادت زا يشان ياه بيسآ و تارطخ مها هيمورا هچايرد
ررگزير ديلوت ياه نوناك هعسوت زا يشان يكمن ياهدرگزير داجيا رد د نآ رواجم راز هروش قطانم و هيمورا هچايرد ينوكسم و يزرواشك ياه هدودحم هب نآ هعسوت و يياز نابايب هقطنم رد جلبعلا بعص ياه يراميب داجيا يزرواشك يضارا نتفر نيب زا ياهاترسور هيلخت هژيو هب و هچايرد رواجم قطانم زا ترجاهم شيازفا هچايرد كيدزن هقطنم رد يميلقا تاناسون و رييغت ديدشت
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HYSPLIT4 simulation results for August 2012
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Dust trajectories will get altitude up to 1000 m over the ground surface and will distribute northward to more than latitude of 41 N. It means the situation of Lake Urmia is not a national problem and it will affect a region with a radius of more than 250 km
Affected areas within a radius of 75 kilometers Affected areas within a radius of 100 kilometers Affected areas within a radius of 500 kilometers
Threats
– Skin – Eyes – Lungs
– Salt – Desertification – Migrant Birds – Wildlife
– Farms – Tourism
– Migration – Unemployment
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Health Threats
A Pilot on Health Issue
Subject: The Epidemiology of diseases from dust Objective: Assessment of dust impacts on Lungs of School Children Study area: 3 villages, Ilkhchi District, East Azerbaijan 3 schools, 88 students
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Probable diseases due to the continuation of the status quo
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Urmia Lake water level before crisis: 1277.69 masl
Annual evaporation and consequent salt/minerals sedimentation added layer on layer to fill the deep parts causing significant changes in geomorphology of the lake
Current water level: 1270.30 masl Lake salinity before crisis: 160 ppt Amount of salt in Lake water: 33 bm3 * 240 kg/m3 = 8 Billion tons Where the salt has gone?
Minerals are sedimented mostly in deep zones
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Socio-cultural council of West Azerbaijan Socio-cultural council of East Azerbaijan Economical Co Committee
Urmia Lake Restoratio ion Natio ional Committee
Se Secretary ry and Executive Dir irector
West Azerbaija jan Provincial l Offic ice
Urm rmia ia La Lake Restoration Program su superv rvised by Sh Sharif f Univ iversity of f Tec
East Azerbaija jan Provincial l Offic ice
Coordinating Committee Technical Committee Steering Committee
Urmia Univ iversity Tabriz University
Plan lanning and Reso source Mobil ilization Unit it (P (PRMU) So Socio io-cultural l Co Committee Executive Management Offi fice Rese search Offi fice In International Co Cooperation Div iv U. . L.
Reso sources s Taskforce
Water Consumpti tion Taskforce
Main Objectives
Reduction of 40% water Use in Agriculture sector Water Supply from new resources
Soft activities: Policy, Research, Knowledge generation, Public awarenes Protection and risk management
Monitoring and control of surface and ground water withdrawal Facilitating Water supply to the lake by new Infrastructure
Main
solutions
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2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
1270/5 1271/0 1271/5 1272/0 1272/5 1273/0 1273/5 1274/0 1274/5 1275/0 Restoration Period
Stabilization Period
Final Restoration
Ecologic Level Lake level will approach the ecological level Vision in 2023
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Organizations engaged with Urmia Lake Restoration Program
Ministries and Vice Presidents Universities and national and local research centers Local executive bodies
Urmia lake restoration program
Consultants and international partners Local NGOs and councils Judiciary and Islamic Parliament
Activities:
Water transport for wildlife of Lake Urmia Islands
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Activities:
Fodder transport for wildlife of Lake Urmia Islands
Hasanloo Hasanloo dam is located out of
water from Hasanloo dam until April 2017, is shown in the table below.
Saroogh Bookan
Releasing water from Dams
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Hasanloo 40 57
Under releasing process
Mahabad
water from Mahabad dam from two years ago until april 2017 is shown in the table below.
2015-16 2016-17 Mahabad 40 42
The map of Dredging rivers poured into the south of Urmia Lake
End Show
End Show Mahabadchai and Godarchai joint point Progress percentage: 100% Progress percentage: 100% joint point of Mahabadchai, Godarchai and zarinehrood to siminehrood
Release water from Bookan dam has entered main channel
Released water has entered Siminehrood and reached the lake body Join the flow of released water from dams, transferred water from Zarinehrood, and Siminehrood base flow at Great Bridge Siminehrood location
Opening and dredging Ajichai river
Connecting Zarinehrood to Siminehrood
Blue line: had been implemented Red line: not implemented yet Images of dredging Zarinehrood
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Treated Waste water effluent release to the lake
Tabriz, Azar
Maragheh, Ajab Shir Urmia, Golman, Miandoab, Bookan, Mahabad, Shahin Dezh, Oshnaviyeh, Naghadeh, Salmas
Supplying adequate needed seed to perform biological fixation by public participation
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Implemented actions for dust control
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Recent progress of Silveh building process
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Trust Building and Participatory Rural Assessment
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Oct. 2015
Dec. 2015
Sept. 2016
People are enjoying themselves after filling up the lake, 2016
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Current Status of the Urmia Lake ( Source: Water Research Center, MoE )
Precipitation of Sept. 22, 2016- April 8, 2017
71 Basin Year 2015-16
Year 2014-15
Average (last 47 years)
2015-16/2014-215
Changes of 2015-16 against long term
Urmia lake 267 356 277
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Status of Urmia Lake during the last four years
Date Above sea level (m) Volume (BM3) Area (km2)
8 Apr 2017 1270.76 2.03 2299
8 Apr 2016 1270.84 2.23 2391 8 Apr 2015 1270.69 1.88 2219 8 Apr 2014 1270.66 1.82 2185 8 Apr 2013 1271.06 2.78 2627
Ecological Level 1274.1 14.4 4333
Water body of the lake- 2016 and 2017
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10 Aug 2016 13 Aug 2017
If the conditions continued
Without restoration, we would have an annually 40cm decrease of the water level, but now with restoration, the water level is 10cm higher compared to 4 years ago
Level (m) t (year)
Salton sea Owens Lake
Comparison of Urmia Lake , Salton sea and Owens Lake
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9
2
10
25
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6 6
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Funds needed
(Billion Dollar)
Time needed (year)
Population affected (million)
Area (KM)
890
250
4348
Urmia Lake
Italy
USA
Australia
Turkey
control and record of water withdrawal of the wells (Tayfur)
enrichment, 20 Hectares by Organiksa Company Bangladesh
Development for Asia and the Pacific Finland Geological Survey of Finland
Germany
(ZEF)
Japan
The Netherlands University of Wageningen
Engagement with Overseas
International Organizations
Swiss
Britain
FAO Project
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Outputs:
accounting system for the entire Urmia Lake basin.
system
programme
management programme.
programme to strengthen stakeholders at different levels
Thank YOU
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Ulrp.sharif.ir
Wish to bring the Flamingos back
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