Carbon Capture and Storage: Technology Innovation and Market - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Carbon Capture and Storage: Technology Innovation and Market Viability February 23 rd , 2011 *Note about slideshow: Each Participant must individually control the slideshow- please follow along with speakers by scrolling along at right. Speakers
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Carbon Capture and Storage: Technology Innovation and Market Viability US Department of Energy, Dr. Darren Mollot, Ph.D., Director, Office of Clean Energy Systems US Department of Energy, Mark Ackiewicz, Program Manager, Division of Carbon Capture and Storage Research Carbozyme, Dr. Michael C. Trachtenberg, Ph.D., CEO and CTO HTC PureEnergy, Jeff Allison, Senior VP
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Michael C. Trachtenberg, PhD CEO, Carbozyme, Inc.
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
Stream Producer Feed Stream Separation Process Product / Conditioning End Product User Application System Engineering Feed Conditioning Enhanced APC NOx SOx Particulates Mercury Heavy Metals CO2 Enrichment Air Flue Gas Natural Gas Oil Coal Industrial Gases Cement Off-gas Natural Gas Synthesis Gas
Acceptable levels of
Water vapor Oxygen Hydrocarbons Other
Carbonate
Cardiovascular System – Liquid pump Respiratory System - Gas pump Enzyme – in RBC & on lung capillary BUT, the process has to be engineered for flue gas temperature
Bicarbonate Carbamate / Bicarbonate
Reaction Chemistry Enzyme Thermophilic – Accept inlet feed temperature Inexpensive – Large quantities needed Readily available Interfacial Chemistry / Mass Transfer Immobilization Minimize amount of enzyme needed Locate enzyme at gas-liquid interface - High stability – Does not leach Remove and replace capability – Difference in lifetime of membrane and enzyme Mass Transfer Apparatus Membrane modules Highly structured – High surface to volume – Avoid dead zones, flooding Decrease materials
Maximal operating temperature 45°C >85°C (185°F)
H+ H2O HCO3
1. Whole cell lysate 2. Clarified cell lysate 3. Soluble contaminants 4. Pure fusion protein
0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0:00:00 0:00:17 0:00:35 0:00:52 0:01:09 0:01:26 0:01:44 0:02:01 0:02:18 Blank Carbonic anhydrase Carbonic anhydrase after 24h at 65°C
EL-Purification process
High yield of enzyme High degree of purification Rapid, simple, cheap purification
Remove and replace capability allows for lifetime differences between enzyme and surface Demonstrated 5-times
– High packing density – Maximal interfacial contact – No channeling – No dead zones – No foaming
Structured Membranes Membranes Structured Packings Random Packings Trays
Low pressure drop at high density
Mavroudi M, Kaldis SP & Sakellaropoulos GP. 2003 Reduction of CO2 emission by a membrane contacting process, Fuel 82:2153-2159
42.7% Wet Dry
Spacer material Feed/retentate fibers Permeate fibers Fabrication support 11 m2 Permeator
CO2-Rich Feed CO2-Lean Retentate Microporous Membrane Enzyme Layer Lean Carrier Rich Carrier CO2-Rich Permeate Heat Exchanger Water Vapor PSA / Enzyme Layer Microporous Membrane
CO2 CO
2
ABSORBER DESORBER TSA
Stable High Selectivity
Membrane area
Enzyme requirement
~513 units needed for a 470MW coal burning power plant, 14% feed gas stream – ~12.2m x 2.5m x 2.7m. 16.5 tonnes of CO2/day
The wet lime slurry scrubber, built at EERC, meets the Carbozyme Acceptance Standard
– EERC CEPS fired on SO2 spiked natural gas to low, moderate, and high levels - 860, 2600 & 3300 ppmv – Pollution Control System on CEPS = SCR, Fabric Filter, Wet Scrubber 1, Polishing Scrubber (CaCO3 slurry)
Target - <7ppmv (20ppmw) - Required Performance Achieved
Lime slurry and ceramic Intalox saddle packing for the polishing
small scale of the test unit.
Time 1 10 100 1000 10000 11:30 12:00 12:30 13:00 13:30 14:00 14:30 SO2 ppmv
2600 860 3300 5.03 5.09 4.82 SO2 Out of Combustor
SO2 Out of Scrubber 1
SO2 Out of Polishing Scrubber
CZ SOx Acceptance Limit, 7 ppmv
62 56 53.5
SO2 measurement method detection limit, 4 ppmv
Source: EPRI case 7A plus internal CZ data for CZ solution
Criteria Attributes Enzyme-based Facilitation Ammonia Systems Amine Systems Company Carbozyme Alstom, PowerSpan MHI, HTC PureEnergy Technology Chemistry Enzyme-based Facilitation Chilled and Warm Ammonia Secondary & Tertiary Amines Mass Transfer Membrane Packed column Packed column Platform
Skids
Tower Tower or Pre-built Performance Metrics $ per Tonne of CO2 Capture (OpEx + CapEx) $15 - $25 $35 - $80 $40 - $60
AMINES AMMONIA HOT CARBONATE CARBOZYME CHEMISTRY Primary or Secondary + Tertiary Amines Ammonia Metal Bicarbonate Enzyme Catalyzed Metal Bicarbonate CHEMICAL PROCESS Homogenous Reaction Homogenous Reaction Homogenous Reaction Heterogeneous Catalysis MASS TRANSFER Packed Column Packed Column Packed Column Membrane Contactor or Packed Column ABSORPTION 50°C Low NOx; SOx <10ppmv <10°C Low NOx; SOx <10ppmv 50°C Low NOx; SOx <10ppmv 50°C Low NOx; SOx <10ppmv DESORPTION Thermal Swing – 120°C Thermal Swing – >100°C Thermal Swing – 120°C Vacuum Swing + Thermal Swing – 65°C PARASITIC LOAD 25 – 40% ~30% >45% <20% SCALABILITY No No No Yes
HCO3
CO2 E-Zn*OH E-Zn*HCO3 E-Zn*HOH H*E-Zn*OH H2O B- BH Hydration Dehydration kcat KM Desorption Convert CO2 to bicarbonate Convert bicarbonate to CO2 Create OH- from H2O Use Zn-OH to attack CO2
H+ H2O HCO3
Flux (moles CO2/m2-s)
CO2 Desorption with and without Immobilized Enzyme
Feb , 2011
HTC Purenergy Inc. Proprietary Information - Confidential
ITC
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Boundary Dam Demo
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HTC Purenergy Inc. Proprietary Information - Confidential
Founded in 1997 now commercializing opportunities in Carbon Capture, Carbon Management and Carbon Mitigation. Successful CO2 Management: technology licensor, OEM supplier, and project developer of world leading carbon technologies. HTC’s Technology Centre is commercially aligned with Doosan, University of Regina’s International Test Centre for CO2 Capture, and International Risk Assessment Centre. CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery technical expertise and close proximity to Weyburn EOR field. Commercial Offices in Calgary and Regina Canada, Vermont USA, Sydney Australia.
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companies with major breakthroughs in “green technology”. Outstanding contributions towards technology solutions with significant and global environmental impact.
return on investment. “HTC positions Canada as a global leader in development of commercially-viable green technology”.
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1.Technology Licensor 1.Oil Field Analysis/
Simulation
project validation
& Injection
Monitization/Arbitrage
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Global Doosan Organisation is active in Manufacture, Engineering, Construction of Power Plant, Industrial Plant, Engines, Infrastructure, Process and Equipment
Business Week, Sept 2009
“A commitment to innovation, diversified portfolios, aggressive expansion, strong leadership, and a clear vision for the future”
Boston Consulting Group, Oct 2009
“Top Value Creation Companies over past 5 years”
Doosan recognised as major high-performing global organisation through 2009
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Doosan Babcock, headquartered in UK, along with Doosan Heavy, headquartered in South Korea, have worldwide operational and sales coverage to meet our Clients requirements
Doosan Babcock Operation Doosan Heavy Industry Operation
Doosan Babcock Corporate HQ: Crawley, UK New Build: Crawley, UK EU Ops Centre: Renfrew, UK Doosan Babcock R&D Centre: Renfrew, UK Carbon Capture COE: Renfrew, UK Aftermarket Service Centres: UK, Germany & Poland
HTC Purenergy
Doosan Heavy Corporate HQ: Seoul, South Korea Manuf: Changwon, South Korea Manuf: Vina, Vietnam HTC Purenergy [Doosan 15% Shareholder & Exclusive Technology Licensee] Carbon Capture R&D Centre
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⊙ Seoul ◎ Changwon
Total Area : 4,425,570 ㎡ Floor Space : 554,988 ㎡
One of the largest energy infrastructure manufacturing facility in the world. Manufacturing of Integrated boilers and CCS systems.
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returned to absorber reboiler to heat solvent
solvent solution in packed stripping column
from flue gas into liquid solvent in packed absorption column
pre-heating
CO2-rich solution solvent cooling by water captured CO2 purified gas (O2 / N2 / H2O) steam
(e.g. coal plant) (CO2 / O2 / N2 / H2O)
120 C 60 C
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Designer Performance Solvents (RS) Column Packing & Internals Process Flow / Design Optimization (TKO) Heat Integration Reduction in Steam Reduced Emissions Optimized Front End Eng. & Design (HTC FEED Engine) Optimization of Modular Design and Construction
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Enhanced rate of absorption/kinetics of
Superior capture capacity, solubility of
Improved mass transfer coefficient as a
Corrosion and fouling resistant Minimize degradation via O2, SOx, NOx Minimal solvent loss Low regeneration energy
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Factory installed internals followed by factory QC inspections Structured Packing
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Steam Consumption
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.20 2.40 Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 kg steam/kg CO2
Pilot Plant Modeling
Other Solvent Technologies
Competitive Technologies HTC Technology
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150 TPD (Coal-fired) Original Plant Start-Up: 1999 Proven Commercial Process Using MEA Solvent Food & Beverage Grade CO2 Classic Amine Capture Process – Client seeking to upgrade HTC to explore and propose
production capacity
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Purenergy CCS 1000 tpd
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Matching emitters and
Injecting CO2 into a
Increases amount of crude
Significant opportunity in
Provides support to the
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Regina Estevan Bismarck
C A N A D A U S A
SASKATCHEWAN NORTH DAKOTA MANITOBA
C A N A D A U S A
Weyburn Beulah
Director, Office of Clean Energy Systems Mark Ackiewicz Program Manager, Division of CCS Research
Carbon Capture and Storage: Technology Innovation and Market Viability Webinar February 23, 2011
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Improve Efficiency Sequester Carbon
Sinks Reduce Carbon Intensity All options needed to:
demand
Pathways for Reducing GHGs – CO2
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year at Sleipner
year at In Salah
storage in the Weyburn field
barriers that prevent CCS from playing a role in reducing GHG emissions.
a policy designed to reduce GHG emissions.
by 2016. However, early CCS projects face challenges, including cost and performance of current generation technology.
addressing barriers for these (and other) early CCS projects while ensuring protection of public health and the environment.
project uncertainty and improve technology cost and performance.
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need to be developed and/or finalized and regulators need training and tools.
State) will enhance government‟s ability to assist these projects.
long-term CO2 storage liability. However, long-term liability and stewardship are important issues which require further evaluation.
and facilitates global deployment.
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Commercial Readiness RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Core Coal and Power Systems R&D DOE – FE – NETL FINANCIAL INCENTIVES Tax Credits Loan Guarantees DOE – LGO – IRS TECHNOLOGIES & BEST PRACTICES < 10% increase COE with CCS (pre-combustion) < 35% increase COE with CCS (post- and oxy-combustion) < $400/kW fuel cell systems (2002 $) > 50% plant efficiency, up to 60% with fuel cells > 90% CO2 capture > 99% CO2 storage permanence +/- 30% storage capacity resolution
Goals Programs Approaches
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION Clean Coal Power Initiative FutureGen Industrial CCS Program DOE – FE – NETL
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Fiscal Year $ million
FY2012 Percentage Breakout
Program/Project Activity ($ in thousands) Clean Coal Power Initiative (CCPI) - Round 3 800,000 Fossil Energy R&D (FutureGen) 1,000,000 CCS from Industrial Sources 1,520,000 Site Characterization 50,000 Regional Sequestration Training and Research 20,000 Fossil Energy Program Direction 10,000 Total 3,400,000
Critically Linked to Climate & Security Goals
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Benefits
Global Collaborations
Benefits
Core R&D
Benefits
Infrastructure
Carbon Capture Geologic Storage Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA) Simulation and Risk Assessment CO2 Use/Reuse Technology Solutions Characterization Validation Development ARRA: Development of Technology Transfer Centers Lessons Learned Technology Solutions Lessons Learned North America Energy Working Group Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum International Demonstration Projects Canada (Weyburn, Zama, Ft. Nelson) Norway (Sleipner and Snovhit) Germany (CO2Sink) Australia (Otway) Africa (In-Salah) Asia (Ordos Basin)
assessment and mitigation
knowledge
Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships
Demonstration and Commercialization Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
Other Large-Scale Projects ARRA: University Projects ARRA: Site Characterization
BIG SKY WESTCARB SWP PCOR
MGSC SECARB
MRCSP
Developing the Infrastructure for Wide Scale Deployment
Seven Regional Partnerships
400+ distinct organizations, 43 states, 4 Canadian Provinces
Development Phase (2008-2018+)
9 large scale injections (over 1 million tons each) Commercial scale understanding Regulatory, liability, ownership issues
Validation Phase (2005-2011)
20 injection tests in saline formations, depleted oil, unmineable coal seams, and basalt
Characterization Phase (2003-2005)
Search of potential storage locations and CO2 sources Found potential for 100‟s of years of storage
Partnership Geologic Province Type Big Sky Moxa Arch- Nugget Sandstone Saline MGSC Illinois Basin-
Saline MRCSP Michigan Basin-
Saline PCOR Powder River Basin- Bell Creek Field Oil Bearing Horn River Basin- Carbonates Saline SECARB Gulf Coast – Cranfield Field- Tuscaloosa Formation Saline Gulf Coast – Paluxy Formation SWP Regional Jurassic & Older Formations Saline WESTCARB Central Valley Saline Injection Ongoing Injection Scheduled 2011/2015
1 2 3 4 7 8 6 9 5
Note: Some locations presented on map may differ from final injection location
8 7 3 1 2 4 6 5 9
Injection Well Drilled Injection Started Core Sampling Taken
Fiscal Year
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Stage 1.
Site selection and characterization; Permitting and NEPA compliance; Well completion and testing; Infrastructure development.
Stage 2.
CO2 procurement and transportation; Injection operations; Monitoring activities.
Stage 3.
Site closure; Post-injection monitoring; Project assessment.
RCSP Development Phase – 10+ years (FY 2008-2018+) Scale up is required to provide insight into several operational and technical issues that differ from formation to formation
– Six developed, one remaining – Will be updated once Phase III completed (2016/17) – Regulatory issues addressed within various manuals
– Projects 100s of years storage potential – Overview of DOE CCS Program – Based on NATCARB database
– integrate scientific insight from across the sequestration research community – ensure development of the science base necessary for appropriate risk assessment (including strategic monitoring) to support large-scale underground carbon storage projects. – NETL-led effort includes researchers from LANL, LBNL, LLNL, and PNNL.
– Identify promising concepts and designs – Develop optimal designs – Quantify technical risk in scale-up – Accelerate learning during development and deployment
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Addressing Risk and Speeding Development
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– funded through Program and ARRA: CCPI and ICCS activities – FutureGen 2.0 to perform large-scale
– Site Characterization & Promising Geologic Formations for CO2 Storage – Training: Regional Sequestration Technology Transfer Centers and University Research Grants
Excelsior Energy IGCC $36M - DOE $2,156M - Total
IGCC-Transport Gasifier $294M - DOE $2,690M - Total Hydrogen Energy California IGCC with EOR $408M - DOE $2,840M - Total Basin Electric Post Combustion with CO2 Capture $100M - DOE
CCPI Round II
AEP Mountaineer Post Combustion with CO2 Capture $334M - DOE $668M - Total NRG Energy Post Combustion with CO2 Capture $167M – DOE $334M - Total Summit Texas Clean Energy IGCC with EOR $450M - DOE $1,727M - Total FutureGen 2.0 Oxy-combustion with CO2 capture $1,048M – DOE $1,290M - Total
CCPI Round III FutureGen ICCS (Area I)
Archer Daniels Midland CO2 capture from Ethanol $101M - DOE $208M - Total Leucadia CO2 capture from Methanol $260M - DOE $436M - Total Air Products CO2 capture from Steam Methane Reformers $253M - DOE $431M - Total
Site Characterization Projects
Terralog Technologies USA Inc.; Wilmington Graben; Offshore Los Angeles; Saline, Oil, & Gas University of Wyoming; Rock Springs Uplift / Moxa Arch; SW Wyoming; Saline North American Power Group, Ltd; Powder River Basin; NE Wyoming; Saline and Oil University of Kansas Center for Research Inc.; Ozark Plateau; SW Kansas; Saline and Oil University of Utah; Cretaceous, Jurassic, and Pennsylvanian Sandstone; Colorado and Utah; Saline University of Illinois; Cambro-Ordovician Strata; IL, IN, KY, MI; Saline University of Alabama; Black Warrior Basin; NW Alabama; Saline University of South Carolina Research Foundation; South Georgia Rift Basin; South Carolina; Saline University of Texas at Austin; Gulf of Mexico Miocene; Offshore Texas; Saline Sandia Technologies, LLC; Triassic Newark Basin; NY and NJ; Saline Participant Formation Location Sequestration Type Site Characterization & Promising Geologic Formations for CO2 Storage
10 Awards 12/08/09
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2009 ARRA CCS Training Center Selections
Participant Location
Environmental Outreach and Stewardship Alliance Seattle, WA Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois Champaign, IL New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Socorro, NM University of Wyoming Laramie, WY University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX Southern States Energy Board Norcross, GA Petroleum Technology Transfer Center Tulsa, OK
Regional Sequestration Technical Training 7 Selections Announced 8/27/09
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– Represents 59% of world population and 77% of CO2 emissions and economic activity
– 10 Completed Projects, 22 Active Projects – CSLF Technology Roadmap, Capacity Building, Financing, Communications and Public Outreach
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“The Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum represents a crucial
world energy leaders together to advance this technology sooner rather than later.”
The CSLF Mission is to facilitate the development and deployment of CCS technologies via collaborative efforts that address key technical, economic and environmental obstacles.
– Final rule signed 11/20/2010 – States have 270 days from final ruling to develop primacy application – Requirements for site characterization, well construction and operation, monitoring, etc.
– Subpart RR: Requirements for GS participants (e.g., Class VI; Class II‟s
that „opt in‟) – Subpart UU: Limited requirements for non-GS participants (i.e., those injecting CO2 for non-GS activities) & all facilities that get a R&D exemption to report basic information – Facilities must comply with requirements in calendar year 2011 – report by March 31, 2012
– PSD and Title V – Began implementation on January 2, 2011 – BACT guidance: CCS considered but not likely an option due to economics
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– Storage capacity and permanence – Capture cost – Infrastructure development
international partnerships are important
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Organization Website
DOE Office of Fossil Energy Carbon Capture and Storage Websites http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/sequestration/index.html http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/powersystems/pollutioncontrols/index.html http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/powersystems/cleancoal/index.html DOE ARRA http://www.energy.gov/recovery/index.htm National Energy Technology Laboratory http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/carbon_seq/index.html Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum http://www.cslforum.org/ IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme http://www.ieaghg.org/ EPA Sequestration-Related and CO2 Emissions Regulatory Websites http://water.epa.gov/type/groundwater/uic/wells_sequestration.cfm http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ghgrulemaking.html http://www.epa.gov/nsr/ghgpermitting.html NATCARB database http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/carbon_seq/natcarb/
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1. Scale-up
2. Energy Demand
3. Current Cost (for a 550 MWe plant)
results in increased Cost of Electricity (COE) by 80%
4. Regulatory/legislative framework
emissions
PC Boiler (With SCR) Sulfur Removal Particulate Removal Ash Coal 7,760 TPD STEAM CYCLE CO2 Capture Process* ID Fan Air CO2 2,215 psia 680 MWgross 550 MWnet CO2 Comp. Flue Gas CO2 To Storage 16,600 TPD Low Pressure Steam Optional Bypass (<90% Capture)
Source: Cost and Performance Baseline for Fossil Energy Power Plants study, Volume 1: Bituminous Coal and Natural Gas to Electricity; NETL, May 2007. PC Boiler (No SCR) Steam Bag Filter Wet Limestone FGD CO2 to Storage Ash
ID Fans
~550 MWe Coal
Limestone Slurry Gypsum
Cryogenic ASU
Flue Gas Recycle
CO2 Purification
2% Air Leakage Coal Gasifier 500-1,000 Psi 1,800-2,500oF Water Gas Shift Cryogenic ASU Syngas Cooler Steam 2-Stage Selexol Sulfur Recovery Sulfur CO2 Comp. CO2 to Storage CO2 Steam Reheat Fuel Gas Syngas Cooler/ Quench Syngas Cleanup ~100oF Water Combustion Turbine(s) HRSG Steam Turbine 200 – 300 MW
Power Block
2 X 232 MW Flue Gas
Pulverized Coal (PC)
Post-combustion
PC Oxy-combustion Gasification (IGCC)
Pre-combustion
Technologies
Membrane R&D Focus
consumption
Technologies
Technologies
Solvent R&D Focus
Sorbent R&D Focus
mechanical
management
burners
corrosion
O2)
purification
separation membranes
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Solvents R&D Focus
Sorbents R&D Focus
Membranes R&D Focus
physical)
integration within the IGCC power cycle
Technologies
(cermets)
Technologies
Technologies
Carbon Capture and Storage: Technology Innovation and Market Viability
Capturing Carbon: Cost and Technical Challenges
post-combustion, including post-combustion supercritical? What has the investment been in each?
plants, natural gas production, cement kilns, iron reductions?
How can these be reduced?T
Storing Carbon: Cost and Technical Challenges
gas reservoirs, unmineable coal seams, deep saline reservoirs, and deep ocean)? What strategies can be implemented to reduce cost?
pipeline networks? What are the avenues for developing sound infrastructure- for compressors, injection wells, monitoring wells, and etc?
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Carbon Capture and Storage: Technology Innovation and Market Viability
CCS Investment and Projects
investment is needed?
CCS via carbon emissions trading?
market?
returns? What alternative technologies/approaches are underway for the use and re-use of carbon? What peripheral industries can potentially benefit (fuels, fertilizers, products)?
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Carbon Capture and Storage: Technology Innovation and Market Viability
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