Carbon Capture and Storage Value Chain Capture and Compression - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Carbon Capture and Storage Value Chain Capture and Compression - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Carbon Capture and Storage Value Chain Capture and Compression Large Stationary Sources Capture $51, 73% Storage $9, 13% Compression $7, 11% Pipeline Transport Deep Subsurface Storage Transport $2, 3% National Energy 1 Technology

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National Energy Technology Laboratory

Carbon Capture and Storage Value Chain

Large Stationary Sources Capture and Compression Pipeline Transport Deep Subsurface Storage

Transport $2, 3% Capture $51, 73% Storage $9, 13% Compression $7, 11%

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National Energy Technology Laboratory

Carbon Capture and Storage

Ingredients for Success

Capture Technology Low Cost Sufficient and Secure Storage Formations Efficient Power Systems Integrated Demonstration Projects

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National Energy Technology Laboratory

Strategic Center for Coal

Advancing Technologies in Power Generation Utilizing Coal

* Data for active projects as of October 28, 2015

Office of Coal and Power R&D Office of Program Performance & Benefits Office of Major Demonstrations

40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Today

2025 (commercial deployment) 2035

Today 2nd-Gen Transformational

~420 projects $11.3B Total ($3.3B DOE) * Relevance of R&D, Leverages, Promotes Commercialization

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National Energy Technology Laboratory

Office of Coal and Power R&D

Advancing Technologies that Transform Power Generation

Advanced Energy Systems STEP CO2 Storage Program

Storage Infrastructure Geologic Storage Monitoring, Verification, Accounting & Assessment

CO2 Capture Program

Pre-combustion Post-Combustion

Enabling Technologies (Crosscutting) Program

Materials, Computational Tools, Intelligent Sensors and Controls Applied Research Demonstration Engineering Development Pre-commercial Testing

BIG SKY WESTCARB SWP PCOR MGSC SECARB MRCSP

Gasification Turbines Combustion Fuel Cells Coal & Coal-Biomass to Liquids

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National Energy Technology Laboratory

Office of Coal and Power R&D

FY15 ~ $400* Million, Active Projects ~ 410

Data as of September 2015

Advanced Energy Systems STEP CO2 Storage Program CO2 Capture Program Enabling Technologies (Crosscutting) Program

$49 Million, 115 Projects

Applied Research Demonstration Engineering Development Pre-commercial Testing

BIG SKY WESTCARB SWP PCOR MGSC SECARB MRCSP

$113 Million** 136 Projects $88 Million 58 Projects $100 Million 100 Projects *Includes $15 M for Rare Earth Research and $35Million to NETL Office of Research and Development ** Includes AES and STEP (Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles)

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National Energy Technology Laboratory

Coal Power and CO2 Capture Technologies

2nd-Generation Transformational

Bio-Gasification AUSC Steam Cycles Integrated Gasification Fuel Cells (IGFC) Direct Power Extraction Chemical Looping Supercritical CO2 Cycles Transformational CO2 Separation Transformational H2 Production Pressurized Oxy-combustion Pressure Gain Combustion 65% LHV Combustion Turbines Atmospheric Oxy-Combustion Radically Engineered Modular Systems (REMS) Warm Syngas Cleanup Oxygen Production Pre-Combustion CO2 Capture High-Pressure Dry Feed Combustion Turbine Components DG SOFC Aspects Also Applicable to Natural Gas

Gasification Combustion

Sensors & Controls Simulation-Based Engineering Water Management High Performance Materials Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Oxygen Production

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Technology Team (sCO2 Tech Team) Energy Huntsville Summit - 2015

Brian K. Robinson Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)

November 17, 2015

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Supercritical CO2 Cycle Has Broad Applicability

Fossil

Sequestration Ready

Solar SunShot Power Cycle

7 1 2 3 5 6 8

Compressors Turbine HT Recup

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Alternator Waste Heat Chiller LT Recup

CO2

Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle

Space Solar Electric Propulsion Nuclear Geothermal

The long-term vision is widespread commercial deployment of a transformational technology

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Comparison

 Rankine efficiency is 33%  Supercritical CO2 (sCO2 ) potential to surpass 50% efficiency  Greatly reduced cost for sCO2 compared to the cost of conventional steam Rankine cycle  sCO2 compact turbo machinery is easily scalable

1 meter sCO2 (300 MWe) (Brayton Cycle) 20 meter Steam Turbine (300 MWe)

(Rankine Cycle)

5-stage Dual Turbine Lo Hi

3-stage Single Turbine Hi Lo

Lo

Supercritical CO2: Transformational Energy Systems

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sCO2 Brayton Cycle Benefits

Economic and environmental benefits of the technology include:

  • Broad applicability to variety of heat sources
  • Higher plant efficiency
  • Reduced fuel consumption and emissions
  • Low cooling water consumption
  • Compact design/footprint lowers capital cost

Public policy benefits include:

  • U.S. leadership in a transformative technology
  • Enhanced U.S. global competitiveness
  • Progress towards DOE Strategic Goals and President’s Climate Action Plan

What is the appropriate Federal Role?

  • Part of DOE’s mission is to develop innovative technology solutions to meet
  • ur energy and environmental challenges
  • Appropriate where the private sector risks are too high, the potential public

benefits are significant and aligned with policy goals

  • Leverages core competencies and assets

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sCO2 Program Needs

Nominal Application-Specific Conditions for sCO2 Turbo Machinery (Ref. sCO2 Power Cycle Technology Roadmapping Workshop, February 2013, SwRI San Antonio, TX) 11

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Current Status

Objective: Construct the 10 MWe scale Supercritical Transformational Electric Power (STEP) pilot scale facility and address technical issues, reduce risk, and mature sCO2 technology for demonstration. Activities:

  • NE support for SNL sCO2 facility, R&D on compact heat exchanger

design/code qualification (ongoing activity)

  • Developing a consortium that will promote industrial engagement and allow

sharing of pre-commercial ideas and technology

  • Final negotiations for conceptual design cost and schedule RFP (12/15)
  • Accomplishments:
  • NE issued RFP for conceptual design and cost July 2015
  • FE released (3/23/15) and awarded (9/4/15) an FOA for advanced

recuperator development and fabrication (10MW, 700C)

  • EERE selected multi-year sCO2 projects on 9/17/15 for solar specific and

broad-based applications. Examples of the latter include high-temperature recuperator design and build, materials corrosion testing, and compressor design and build to allow for more variable operating conditions

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Summary/Take Away

  • Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2)-based power cycles have shown the

potential to increase the efficiency and decrease the cost of electricity generation compared to existing steam based power cycles.

  • sCO2 cycle is relevant to electric power generation for concentrating

solar, nuclear, fossil fuel, geothermal and waste heat recovery applications.

  • Technology risk is currently too high and payoff too long term for

industry to go it alone. Some companies are prepositioning themselves as first movers which underscores the perceived potential of this technology

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Backup Slides

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sCO2 Development History (DOE)

  • NE has pursued research on sCO2 (Brayton Cycle) for over a decade
  • NE’s vision - Raise public and government interest for building a

demonstration facility (‘09)

  • Offices of Fossil Energy (FE) and Energy Efficiency and Renewable

Energy (EERE) developed program specific R&D activities (‘10)

  • Intra-program discussions begin to coordinate efforts (‘11)
  • sCO2 Power Cycles Technology Road Mapping Workshop (‘13)
  • Presented R&D efforts and highlighted the need for a collaborative

path forward

  • DOE Offices agreed that a commercial scale demonstration was

needed to confirm benefits of sCO2 technology

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Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. SAND2014-17447 PE

Commercializing the sCO2 Recompression Closed Brayton Cycle

Gary E. Rochau, (505) 845-7543, gerocha@sandia.gov Advanced Nuclear Concepts Nuclear Energy Systems Laboratory/Brayton Lab (Brayton.sandia.gov)

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Recompression Closed Brayton Cycle (RCBC) Test Article (TA) at Sandia National Labs

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  • TA under test since 4/2010
  • Over 100 kW-hrs of power

generated

  • Operated in 3 configurations
  • Simple Brayton
  • GE Waste Heat Cycle
  • Recompression
  • Verified cycle performance
  • Developed Cycle Controls
  • Progressing toward power

generation

  • Developing maintenance

procedures TA Description: Heater – 750 kW, 550°C Load Bank – 0.75 MWe Max Pressure - 14 MPa Gas Compressor to scavenge TAC gas TACs – 2 ea, 125 kWe @ 75 kRPM, Inventory Control 2 power turbines, 2 compressors Turbine Bypass(Remote controlled) High Temp Recuperator - 2.3 MW duty ASME B31.1 Coded Pipe, 6 Kg/s flow rate Low Temp Recuperator – 1.7 MW duty Engineered Safety Controlling Hazards Gas Chiller – 0.6 MW duty Remotely Operated

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Path to High Efficiency

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5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 30 35 40 45 50 55 Emissions Reduction from 33% Efficiency Value [%] Cycle Efficiency

Emissions Reduction vs. Cycle Efficiency

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Supercritical CO2 Cycle Applicable to Most Thermal Sources

7 1 2 3 5 6 8

Compressors Turbine HT Recup

4

Alternator Waste Heat Chiller LT Recup

CO2

Solar Fossil Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle DOE-NE Advanced Reactors Nuclear (Gas, Sodium, Water)

Sequestration Ready

SunShot Power Cycle ARRA Geothermal Military CONUS Marine Mobile? Gas Turbine Bottoming

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