http://netelab.cs.ucla.edu/ http://vehicular.cs.ucla.edu/ C-VeT: UCLA Vehicular Testbed Pis: Mario Gerla (UCLA) gerla@cs.ucla.edu Giovanni Pau (UCLA) gpau@cs.ucla.edu collaborative work with Suzanne Pauslon (UCLA Atmospheric Department) Eugenio Giordano (UCLA/University of Bologna/MSR PhD Fellow) Gustavo Marfia (UCLA) Consultant: Christian Benvenuti (Cisco Systems) Daniel Jiang (Daimler) Luca Delgrossi (Daimler) Antony Rowstron (Microsoft Research) gpau@cs.ucla.edu http://www.cs.ucla.edu/~gpau
Goals Provide: A “Planet Lab Inspired” platform to support car-to-car experiments in various traffic conditions and mobility patterns A shared virtualized environment to test new protocols and applications Full Virtualization Through Xen (featuring a shared testbed) MadWiFi Virtualization (with on demand exclusive use) Large Scale Experiments through Emulator. Allow: Collection of mobility traces and network statistics Experiments on a real vehicular network Provide a platform for Urban Sensing and Intelligent Transportation Systems Deployment of innovative V2V V2I applications in several areas including Info-mobility, Environmental Monitoring, Infotainment, and Homeland Defense application
Why a Campus? Campus Environment Very similar to a small city Police Cars Busses Service Cars Private Cars Urban Scenario (Low Raise/High Raise buildings) Street Lights Stop Signals .... Additional Features: Campus Mesh Coverage Full control of the network Fully customizable platforms
Why C-VeT is different from Others? C-VeT Vehicles are CAMPUS operated, on the road more than 16 hour very day. C-VeT will have: 30 Campus operated vehicles (including bus and facility management vehicles). Phase 1: 8 Facility Management + 4 Housing Vehicles Exploitation of “on a schedule” and “random” campus fleet mobility patterns Systemic Trace and pollution data Collection: 30 Commuting Vans Measure freeway motion patterns (only tracking equipment installed in this fleet). Opportunistic Network Ad Hoc, Mesh Infrastructure Wimax 3G Integration of C-VeT with a Data Center Emulator for larger scale experiments ~200 emulated Nodes.
The Technology Wireless Connectivity DSRC Radio access IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n with MadWiFi Open Platform Programmable MIMO Radios WiMax Coverage Sensing Platform Environmental: CO2, NOX, SO2, PM2.5 and Black Carbon sensors. Traffic Light as actuators In Vehicle sensing OBD2/CANBUS interface Driver Behavior Navigators
Sample Equipment Environmental Monitoring Applications CO2/Temperature/Umidity sensors Communication Engine Cameras Particle Sensors Black Carbon Meter NOX/Ozone Sensors
Three class of nodes: Actual nodes installed in Vehicles Cappucino PC-Platform with several instances of the C- VeT Virtual Machine running on the actual Facility vehicles. Emulated Nodes Installed in the Laboratory Instances of the C-VeT virtual Machine sitting in our Lab computing cluster. For the user those nodes will appear as regular vehicles. Write code ONLY ONCE. The OSI Layers 3 to 6 will be the same as in the C-VeT VM installed in the actual facility vehicles.
Testbed Sharing: Ok, UCLA is building a Testbed but why should I care? Access to the C-VeT testbed will be granted through web interface and remote shell Web interface for user registration and management How I will be able to use, RTT could kill my development: Downloadable virtual appliance and SDK for a streamlined software development. Web Streamlined experiment deployment and monitoring. Remote access to C-VeT node’s VMs through web interface or VNC
Campus Mesh Overview • Phase I: Coverage of South Campus. • Pase II: Full Campus Coverage
Campus Mesh Overview
http://netelab.cs.ucla.edu/ http://vehicular.cs.ucla.edu/ Now we have a testbed and so What?
Research topics Info Mobility Urban Sensing Environmental Protection National Security Routing Network Security Cross Layer optimization Propagation Experiments Mobility management/Location service (virtualizable Overlay service - Planet lab inspired) Road safety
Importance of System Integration Collaboration with City Authorities to deploy incentives for “Greener” cars: Easier Access to City Centers Access to Taxi-Lanes/Car-Pool Lanes Discounted access for lower impact vehicles Intelligent Traffic Signals Changes in the traffic flow Changes in the timing Tools FBK - June 09
Importance of Mobility Classical Models Fail to describe reality: Random Way Point Constraint Random Way Point .. Los Alamos Portland Traces showed the importance of Accurate models 5X7Km downtown Portland 16,6000 Cars 1 second granularity traces Mobility model derived from: Extensive Census data Custom Survey on Portland Citizens' activities Cellular Automata based micro- mobility simulations.
Info Mobility Simulation Mobility Portland Model Vehicles every 30 seconds broadcast they average speed and location for the last 30 seconds The information is replicated by others vehicle with a probability inverse to the distance from the source Information Delay UCLA TR-09008,
Urban Sensor Grid Applications Pollution Tracking Treat Tracking Illegal Dumping tracking Pollution Monitoring Traffic Management Vision: Government Vehicles can be equipped with an extensive sensor platform to monitor the environment and report to the control center for tracking and management purposes. Challenges: Protocols and models for Information Delivery Cooperative sensing Intelligence (i.e. a treat is a treat and when is a false alarm?) Distributed actuators (what I do when a problem is detected?)
Pollution: Where Vehicle Stand? Transportation Accounts for 28% of the TOTAL GREEN HOUSE GASES … RAISING … 17
ITC to support GHG Reduction … Reduce congestion, acceleration-deceleration In Car Navigators are our Probes in the system Communication uses to gather the information Communication used to push the optimized Navigation path Challenges in Path Optimization and Scalability Cellular Choice in General but in some cases Opportunistic Networks could save the day. Current technology based on in asphalt sensor too expensive to scale $100K for installation and $15K/year in Maintenance per intersection. Some advanced examples: Google Navigation Cyber Physical Interactions are the Key. 18
… ITC to support GHG Reduction … ITS to reduce poor signal timing could reduce 1.315 MMT CO2/yr Current Timing computed using Magnetic Spires, NO or Limited coordination between different traffic lights. Time optimization is essential in reducing Idle but NON LINEAR multi-dimensional Optimization problem! Cars as Sensors could gather real-time information on traffic level and with the cost of an Access Point enable many traffic lights to become “smart” Close Loop control between traffic sensing and Traffic Signals (lights and intelligent Signs) could lead to substantial emission and exposure reduction. Cars are the SENSORS intelligent traffic signs the ACTUATORS Data: DOT/EPA 2007 19
… ITC to support GHG Reduction … Reduce idling and encourage “eco driving” by drivers Including the Vehicle in the Control Loop (OBD2 and beyond) HIGH RESISTANCE FROM AUTOMAKERS High pay-off potential MBZ developed a “closed” system to keep vehicles at certain distance from follower and previous 20% GAS SAVINGS just with a RADAR. Honda can turn off part of the engine when is not needed (i.e. traffic light idle). What if Traffic lights announce their status? 20
http://netelab.cs.ucla.edu/ http://vehicular.cs.ucla.edu/ Pollution Management and Terror Prevention A Common Approach!
A Concept Demo in Simulation The Campus Vehicular Testbed will allow us to try this with pollution sensors
Some Challenges Propagation Models Corner Model – WONS 2009. Intermittent Connectivity UCLA TR-090017 – Characteristics of Vehicular Networks. Shows and quantifies intermittent connectivity on Portland Traces . Routing Protocols PVRP Practical Vehicular Routing Protocol – Mobicom `09 work in progress paper. A Disruption Tolerant Discovery/Routing protocols that exploits Maps Data Mining and Analysis GPS data extraction for Maps – Mobisys 09 Submission GPS extraction for Traffic management Close Loop Optimization with Actuators Initial on-the-road experiments. VTC 08, ViVec 08, Mobisys 07 poster session.
Few Preliminary Experiments Initial Experiment in 2008. 4 Vehicles OLSR Routing Video Streaming application This is the routing map.
http://netelab.cs.ucla.edu/ http://vehicular.cs.ucla.edu/ THANKS
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