C o n t i n u o u s s p e c t r a l a l b e d - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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C o n t i n u o u s s p e c t r a l a l b e d - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

C o n t i n u o u s s p e c t r a l a l b e d o m e a s u r e m e n t s i n A n t a r c t i c a a n d i n t h e A l p s : i n s t r u m e n t d e s i g n , d a t a p


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SLIDE 1

H e l s i n k i – A l b e d

  • w
  • r

k s h

  • p

A

  • u

t 2 1 6

C

  • n

t i n u

  • u

s s p e c t r a l a l b e d

  • m

e a s u r e m e n t s i n A n t a r c t i c a a n d i n t h e A l p s : i n s t r u m e n t d e s i g n , d a t a p

  • s

t

  • p

r

  • c

e s s i n g a n d a c c u r a c y

G . P i c a r d

1

, L . A r n a u d

1

, Q . L i b

  • i

s

1

, M . D u m

  • n

t

2

1

U G A / C N R S , L a b

  • r

a t

  • i

r e d e G l a c i

  • l
  • g

i e e t G é

  • p

h y s i q u e d e l ' E n v i r

  • n

n e m e n t ( L G G E ) U M R 5 1 8 3 , G r e n

  • b

l e , F

  • 3

8 4 1 , F r a n c e

2

M é t é

  • F

r a n c e – C N R S , C N R M – G A M E U M R 3 5 8 9 , C e n t r e d ' E t u d e s d e l a N e i g e , G r e n

  • b

l e , F r a n c e

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SLIDE 2

M i c r

  • w

a v e s a t e l l i t e

  • b

s e r v a t i

  • n

s

  • f

t h e « g r a i n i n d e x » a t D

  • m

e C r e v e a l e d ( P i c a r d e t a l . 2 1 2 ) :

  • a

s e a s

  • n

a l c y c l e

  • f

g r a i n s i z e

  • c
  • r

r e l a t i

  • n

b e t w e e n t h e i n t e r

  • a

n n u a l v a r i a b i l i t y a n d p r e c i p i t a t i

  • n

C

  • n

t e x t

Dôme C

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SLIDE 3

C

  • n

t e x t

O u r h y p

  • t

h e s i s / c

  • n

v i c t i

  • n

: T h i s c y c l e i s l a r g e l y d r i v e n t h e p

  • s

i t i v e s n

  • w
  • a

l b e d

  • g

r a i n s i z e f e e d b a c k + n e g a t i v e f e e d b a c k i n v

  • l

v i n g p r e c i p i t a t i

  • n

O u r g

  • a

l : m e a s u r e i n

  • s

i t u a l b e d

  • a

n d d e d u c e g r a i n s i z e → d e v e l

  • p

e d a s p e c t r a l a l b e d

  • m

e t e r f

  • r

D

  • m

e C .

Warmer & Larger gradient Faster grain growth Lower albedo Higher albedo More absorption

  • f energy

under the surface More precipitation Advection of fine grains Negative feedback Positive feedback

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SLIDE 4

O u t l i n e 1

  • d

e s c r i p t i

  • n
  • f

t h e i n s t r u m e n t 2

  • d

e s c r i p t i

  • n
  • f

t h e d a t a p r

  • c

e s s i n g 3

  • c
  • n

c l u s i

  • n
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SLIDE 5

T h e i n s t r u m e n t “ A u t

  • s
  • l

e x s ”

T h e m i n i m u m i s a b

  • v

e

  • g

r

  • u

n d : n

  • e

l e c t r

  • n

i c s , n

  • s

p e c t r

  • m

e t e r O n l y t h e l i g h t c

  • l

l e c t

  • r

s a n d fj b e r

  • p

t i c s

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SLIDE 6

T h e i n s t r u m e n t “ A u t

  • s
  • l

e x s ”

U n d e r

  • g

r

  • u

n d : a b

  • x
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SLIDE 7

T h e i n s t r u m e n t “ A u t

  • s
  • l

e x s ”

A n

  • t

h e r b

  • x

i n t h e

  • u

t e r b

  • x

:

Spectro 300 - 1100nm Spectro 700 - 900nm 16 – channel optical multiplexer Embedded PC

data data

Internal black Y-splitter Thermalized enclosure +10°C

alb1 alb2

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SLIDE 8

T h e i n s t r u m e n t “ A u t

  • s
  • l

e x s ”

1

  • H
  • m

e

  • m

a d e l i g h t c

  • l

l e c t

  • r

: t h e m

  • s

t c r i t i c a l p a r t . S e e l a t e r 2

  • O

c e a n O p t i c s fj b e r s : 4

  • 6

m . N e g l i g i b l e a t t e n u a t i

  • n

, g

  • d

r a d i

  • m

e t r i c p e r f

  • r

m a n c e , v e r y r

  • b

u s t . C h

  • i

c e b e t w e e n U V / V i s

  • r

V i s / N I R . 3

  • L

e

  • n

i O p t i c a l M u l t i p l e x e r 1 6 c h a n n e l s t

  • 1

c h a n n e l

16 – channel optical multiplexer Internal black

alb1 alb2 ….

P r

  • s

:

  • n

e s p e c t r

  • m

e t e r m e a s u r e s a l l t h e c h a n n e l s , m a n y c h a n n e l s f

  • r

a ~ c

  • n

s t a n t c

  • s

t . C

  • n

s : d e l a y b e t w e e n d i fg e r e n t c h a n n e l s . S w i t c h i n g r e p r

  • d

u c i b i l i t y e r r

  • r

( ~ 1 % ) , l i g h t a t t e n u a t i

  • n
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SLIDE 9

T h e i n s t r u m e n t “ A u t

  • s
  • l

e x s ”

4

  • O

c e a n O p t i c s s p e c t r

  • m

e t e r s : M a y a P R O w i t h d i fg e r e n t g r a t i n g s ( 3

  • 1

1 n m a n d 7

  • 9

n m ) P r

  • s

: n

  • m

e c h a n i c a l p a r t s ( C C D s e n s

  • r

+ e l e c t r

  • n

i c s ) , r

  • b

u s t , c h e a p ,

  • p

e n s

  • u

r c e l i b r a r y C

  • n

s : h i g h d a r k c u r r e n t a n d l

  • w

s i g n a l / r a t i

  • ,

s e n s i t i v i t y t

  • t

h e t e m p e r a t u r e , s t r a i g h t l i g h t , … L e a r n i n g c u r v e t

  • a

c h i e v e a c c u r a t e m e a s u r e m e n t s . M a y a P R O i s i n t h e h i g h

  • e

n d

  • f

t h e O c e a n O p t i c s v i s i b l e s p e c t r

  • m

e t e r r a n g e . I t i s m

  • r

e s e n s i t i v e a n d t h e s e n s i t i v i t y e x t e n d s u p t

  • 1

5 n m i n t h e n e a r

  • i

n f r a r e d .

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SLIDE 10

T h e i n s t r u m e n t “ A u t

  • s
  • l

e x s ”

5

  • I

n d u s t r i a l e m b e d d e d P C , w i d e r a n g e t e m p e r a t u r e

  • 4

° C M a n a g e t h e

  • p

t i c a l m u l t i p l e x e r a n d t h e s p e c t r

  • m

e t e r s . P e r f

  • r

m a s e q u e n c e

  • f

a c q u i s i t i

  • n

s e v e r y 1 2 m i n : i n c i d e n t h e a d 1 , r e fm e c t e d h e a d 1 , i n c i d e n t h e a d 2 , r e fm e c t e d h e a d 2 , d a r k c u r r e n t , … , t a k e a p i c t u r e w i t h t h e w e b c a m . R

  • b

u s t n e s s :

  • p

e r a t i n g s i n c e D e c e m b e r 2 1 2 d a y / n i g h t s u m m e r / w i n t e r .

Number of acquisitions per day (received at LGGE) Total : 104929 acquisitions , 2.4M spectra

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SLIDE 11

D a t a p r

  • c

e s s i n g

  • D

a r k c u r r e n t & s t r a i g h t l i g h t c

  • r

r e c t i

  • n
  • C

a l i b r a t i

  • n
  • A

n g u l a r r e s p

  • n

s e c

  • r

r e c t i

  • n
  • f

t h e l i g h t c

  • l

l e c t

  • r
  • E

s t i m a t i

  • n
  • f

S S A

  • F

i l t e r i n g a l b e d

  • s

p e c t r a b a s e d

  • n

t h e s

  • l

a r z e n i t h a n g l e , c l

  • u

d i n e s s a n d q u a l i t y

  • f

t h e fj t i n t h e v i s i b l e

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SLIDE 12

D a t a p r

  • c

e s s i n g

  • D

a r k c u r r e n t & s t r a i g h t l i g h t c

  • r

r e c t i

  • n

2

  • s

t e p c

  • r

r e c t i

  • n

:

  • u

s e “ d a r k ” p i x e l s ( a r

  • u

n d 2 n m )

  • u

s e a “ d a r k ” s p e c t r u m t a k e n

  • n

a n u n c

  • n

n e c t e d /

  • b

s t r u c t e d c h a n n e l

Light Count Dark current

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SLIDE 13

D a t a p r

  • c

e s s i n g

  • C

a l i b r a t i

  • n

i n 2 s t e p s 1 – c r

  • s

s c a l i b r a t i

  • n

b e t w e e n t h e u p l

  • k

i n g a n d d

  • w

n l

  • k

i n g c h a n n e l s R e v e r s e e x p e r i m e n t b e f

  • r

e t h e i n s t a l l a t i

  • n

: 2 – a b s

  • l

u t e c a l i b r a t i

  • n

U D D U U D SVC spectrometer supposed to be calibrated

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SLIDE 14

D a t a p r

  • c

e s s i n g

  • A

n g u l a r r e s p

  • n

s e c

  • r

r e c t i

  • n
  • f

t h e l i g h t c

  • l

l e c t

  • r

T h i s i s t h e m

  • s

t c r i t i c a l s t e p f

  • r

t h e e s t i m a t i

  • n
  • f

t h e S S A ( P i c a r d e t a l . 2 1 6 ) b e c a u s e t h e q u a l i t y

  • f

t h e d i fg u s e r i s w a v e l e n g t h d e p e n d e n t . T h i s i n t r

  • d

u c e s a s p u r i

  • u

s w a v e l e n g t h d e p e n d e n c e

  • n

t h e a l b e d

  • s

p e c t r u m . F i r s t , w e b u i l t

  • u

r

  • w

n c

  • l

l e c t

  • r

s b y t r y

  • e

r r

  • r

a n i m p r

  • v

e d r e s p

  • n

s e c

  • m

p a r e d → t

  • t

h e r s i n t h e l i t e r a t u r e . D e p a r t u r e f r

  • m

c

  • s

i n e i s < 6 % u p t

  • 7

5 ° .

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SLIDE 15

D a t a p r

  • c

e s s i n g

S e c

  • n

d , w e b u i l t a s e t u p t

  • i

n

  • u

r d a r k l a b

  • r

a t

  • r

y t

  • a

u t

  • m

a t i c a l l y r e c

  • r

d t h e a c t u a l r e s p

  • n

s e f

  • r

e a c h c

  • l

l e c t

  • r

a n d u s e t h i s r e s p

  • n

s e t

  • a

p p l y a c

  • r

r e c t i

  • n

f

  • l

l

  • w

i n g G r e n f e l l 1 9 9 4 , C a r m a g n

  • l

a 2 1 3

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SLIDE 16

D a t a p r

  • c

e s s i n g

  • E

s t i m a t i

  • n
  • f

S S A u s i n g a n a l y t i c a l c l

  • s

e d

  • f
  • r

m p r

  • p
  • s

e d b y K

  • k

h a n

  • s

k y a n d Z e g e 2 4 ( A s y m p t

  • t

i c R a d i a t i v e T r a n s f e r ) D i r e c t / d i fg u s e r a t i

  • i

s t a k e n f r

  • m

g e n e r i c s i m u l a t i

  • n

w i t h S B

  • D

A R T b a s e d

  • n

t h e s

  • l

a r z e n i t h a n g l e .

Diffus albedo Direct albedo Total

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SLIDE 17

D a t a p r

  • c

e s s i n g

J

  • i

n t e s t i m a t i

  • n
  • f

S S A a n d A a s c a l i n g f a c t

  • r

( A i s i n d e p e n d e n t

  • f

t h e w a v e l e n g t h b u t i s i n d e p e n d e n t f

  • r

e a c h s p e c t r u m ) .

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SLIDE 18

D a t a p r

  • c

e s s i n g

  • F

i l t e r i n g

  • f

t h e a l b e d

  • s

p e c t r a b a s e d 1 )

  • n

t h e s

  • l

a r z e n i t h a n g l e , 2 ) c l

  • u

d i n e s s a n d 3 ) q u a l i t y

  • f

t h e fj t i n t h e v i s i b l e . U s e t h e d i fg e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e fj t t e d a n d

  • b

s e r v e d s p e c t r a ( P i c a r d e t a l . 2 1 6 )

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SLIDE 19

C

  • n

c l u s i

  • n

N e a r l y 4 s e a s

  • n

s ! A l b e d

  • a

n d S S A d a t a a v a i l a b l e a s d

  • i

: 1 . 1 5 9 4 / P A N G A E A . 8 6 9 4 5 C

  • n

fj r m t h e g r a i n g r

  • w

t h i n s u m m e r . We a k i n t e r

  • a

n n u a l v a r i a t i

  • n

s c

  • m

p a r e d t

  • t

h e s a t e l l i t e

  • b

s e r v a t i

  • n

s

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SLIDE 20

C

  • n

c l u s i

  • n

G

  • d

a g r e e m e n t w i t h C r

  • c

u s s n

  • w

m

  • d

e l p r e d i c t i

  • n

s . L i b

  • i

s e t a l . 2 1 5 .

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SLIDE 21

I n a d d i t i

  • n

t

  • A

u t

  • s
  • l

e x s @D

  • m

e C : 1 A u t

  • s
  • l

e x s w i t h 1 6 c h a n n e l s a t C

  • l

d e P

  • r

t e i n 2 1 2

  • 1

3 a n d 2 1 3

  • 1

4 → M a r i e D u m

  • n

t ' s p r e s e n t a t i

  • n

l a t e r 1 A u t

  • s
  • l

e x s w i t h 4 c h a n n e l s t

  • b

e d e p l

  • y

e d a t C

  • l

d u L a u t a r e t i n 2 1 6

  • 1

7 M a n u a l v e r s i

  • n

u s i n g t h e s a m e c

  • l

l e c t

  • r

, fj b e r a n d s p e c t r

  • m

e t e r : S

  • l

a l b S a m e p r

  • c

e s s i n g l i b r a r y → S e e P

  • s

t e r M . B e l k e B r é

C

  • n

c l u s i

  • n