United Cities and Local Government-Asia Pacific, UCLG-ASPAC Sep 3-6, 2014 Building Waste-to-Energy and Resource Supply Chain towards Circular Economy System Pen-Chi Chiang and Chia-Hung Hou Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University September 4, 2014 September 4, 2014 1
Outlines I. Introduction II. Waste Management Plans in Taiwan III. Waste-to-Energy/Resource Technologies IV. Successful Experiences V. Conclusions and Recommendations 2
I. Introduction 3
1.1 International Movement on “Green Economy” Figure. Important international movement on the sustainable development and green economy 4
1.2 Building WTE Supply Chain for CES Conceptual framework of building WTE supply chains for CES 5
1.3 Biomass Components Biomass: It refers generally to the organic matters originated from organism, such as : 1) Forestry wastes (matchwood, etc.), 2) Agriculture wastes (pod, cob, bagasse, and rice straw), 3) Domestic wastes (garbage, kitchen waste), 4) Animal husbandry wastes (carcass), 5) Industrial organic wastes (waste plastics, rubbers, and paper). 6
1.4 Industrial Development of Biomass Energy Based on the scientific and technological innovation, the foundation and development of biomass energy industry can be promoted. Sustainable development depends on a “ Green Economy” Only be implemented if fundamental changes are made to the current energy supply chains, especially in industrial parks Urban Life Improve the solid waste Agriculture / disposal rate Cultivation Biomass Achieve the harmless Waste treatment Energy Product Achieve energy production of biomass waste Anaerobic Resource Digestion Product 7
II. Waste Management Plans in Taiwan 8
2.1 Milestone of Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Management Plans in Taiwan WTE and Zero Decommission Zero waste Resource Land-fill Incineration Land-fill of Land-fill Policy Supply Chain Disposal 1997 2002 2005 2012 1989 1989 1997 2002 2005 2012 2010 2010 1984 1984 1990 1990 1998 1998 2003 2003 2014 2014 General Waste Biomass Renewable Resource Source Energy Resource Recycle Act Reduction Utilization Recycle (Plastic bag free) Plans Mandatory Garbage Sorting Enforcement 9
2.2 Implementation of Zero Waste Vision Plans in Taiwan Diagram of Implementation of Zero Waste Vision Plans in Taiwan 10
2.2 “Per Bag Trash Collection Fee“ in Taipei City 11
2.2 Collection of Food Waste in Taipei City G e n e r a l G a r b a g e Food Waste Food Waste (Composting) (for Pig) 12
2.2 Waste Minimization and Recovery Livestock raising Food left, etc. Food Wastes (pigs, etc.) (Organic) Fruit, Tee leaves, Land fill, etc. composting Furniture, bicycle, For-sale Huge Wastes etc. Alternative Fuel, Tree, etc. etc Plastics, Others 3C Products, etc. 13
2.2 Reuse and Recycle of MSW Incinerator Ashes Mixed with aggregate or Sewage sludge agricultural applications MSWI Bottom Ash Aggregate of road- based and construction Totally recycle since materials 2005.9 Cement Industries, MSWI Fly Ash etc. 14
2.2 Performance of “Per Bag Trash Collection Fee” Policy Amount of Trash Generation per Day in Taipei City 4000 1.40 Decreased from 2970 ton/day START 3500 1.20 ▼ (2000) to 1009 ton/day (2009), i.e. 66% reduction 3000 日 1.00 垃 人 圾 均 2500 量 量 0.80 ︵ ︵ 公 2000 公 噸 斤 0.60 / / 日 1500 人 ︶ ‧ 0.40 日 1000 ︶ 0.20 500 0 0.00 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 01- 07- 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 06/00 12/00 時間(西元年） 15
2.2 Performance of “Per Bag Trash Collection Fee” Policy 50% 44.7% 44.0% 43.1% 45% Recycle ratio increased from 38.9% 38.3% 40% 2.4% (in 2000) to 44.7% (in 2009) 33.3% 35% 資 30% 源 24.5% 回 25% 收 20.4% 率 20% 15% 10.0% 9.8% 10% 5% 3.0% 2.5% 2.4% 1.9% 1.1% 0.7% 0% 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 01- 07- 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 06/00 12/00 時間（年份） 臺北市歷年資源回收率統計 16
2.3 Industrial Waste Management Plans Items Strategy Application Check Treatment Plans for Industrial Wastes Treatment Plans for Industrial Wastes Source Source On-line Application and Management On-line Application and Management Management Management Consulting Database Setup (yield, feedstock, Database Setup (yield, feedstock, Review manufacturing, technology, etc) manufacturing, technology, etc) Approval Permission Approval On-line Application Check Permission Approval On-line Application Check Report Review Input-output permission Application Sheet Review Input-output permission Fate Application Sheet Fate Punishment Management Tracking Management Operation Record of Treatment Recovery Operation Record of Treatment Recovery Facilities Permission Info. Facilities Permission Info. Contract of Treatment Facilities Contract of Treatment Facilities 17
2.3 Industrial Wastes Enforcement Programs On- -time Tracking System time Tracking System On Monitoring Monitoring (GPS (GPS in car) in car) EPA Tracking GPS Offshore Treatment Treatment Waste Source Final Disposal Cleaning 18 Recycle
III. Waste-to-Energy/Resource Technologies 19
3.1 Utilization technology of biomass 20 (Fan, 2009).
3.2-1 Biomass Energy Technology Overview 21 Source: IE-Leipzig, 2007
3.2-2 Biomass Energy Technology Overview Technology tree of waste-to-energy (WTE) supply chain for bioenergy utilization 22
3.3-1 Anaerobic Digestion Process 23
3.3-2 Gasification Process Sagging entrained flow gasifier for biomass & pyrolysis slurry (left hand side) and for black liquor23 (right hand side) 24 Source: Chemrec, www.chemrec.se (2009) Source: Henrich and Weirich (2002)
3.4 Biogas Purification Process Bio-desulfurization equipment for biogas 25
3.5 System Optimization 26
IV. Successful Experiences 27
4.1-1 Sustainable Energy Development (Danish) - Balancing of Goals at Short Term and Long Term Reliability Reliability of Supply of Supply Economic Environmental Economic Environmental Sustainability Sustainability Efficiency Efficiency Increased energy efficiency & Diversification (Courtesy of COWI) 28
4.1-2 Energy supply structures: Competition or Synergies Storage Storage Small industry Individual houses Condensing Condensing power plant power plant Micro CHP Office buildings DE systems Heating & Cooling Local CHP Neighbourhood Boiler Boiler Waste Waste Natural Gas Big industry Natural Gas Big industry 29 Industrial CHP (Courtesy of COWI)
4.1-3 Denmark: Multi-fuel Boiler Technologies Steam turbine USC boiler (gas/oi Bio l/wood Boiler (straw) ) Avedøre II (2001) / DONG Energy A/S CHP / 485 MWe & 545 MJ/s heat Avedøre Power Station unit 2 design: HRSG FW- 100% on coal and natural gas preheater 100% on heavy fuel oil (HFO) 70% on biomass (wood pellets) Gas-turbine USC combined with 2 x 50MW gas turbine Plant concept by DONG Energy, visited by delegations during COP15 Increased output: 150MWe Total plant efficiency: 51% 30 (Courtesy of STF Group) Using ”Green Fuel Pellets”
4.2 Sweden: Bio-waste Treatment Flowchart Solid Bio-waste Fertilizer Co-digestion 31 CO 2 Recovery and Used as LBG
4.3-1 Barriers and Strategies in Taiwan Visualization of encounter barriers and overcome strategies for constructing WTE supply chains 32
4.3 Demonstration: Bali WWTP for Bio-gas Production 33
4.3 Benefits of Bali WWTP Demonstration Increase waste treatment capacity Bio-gas production capacity Improvement Reduce waste 1550 m 3 = per year treatment Renewable of Waste Bio-gas production capacity transportation Energy increases if waste treatment Treatment Reduce land-use capacity increases Source area Reduce nature gas import Cost Reduce GHGs emission Reduction Amelioration of 30,000 ton per year of City Free investment cost Reduce CH 4 emission Identity Free bio-gas operation cost and leakage Reduce transportation and Avoidance of water storage cost pollution by food waste Ameliorate land-use plans Improve life and environment quality 34
4.3-1 Taiwan: Lin-Hai Industrial Park Conceptual diagram of green supply chain in the case of alkaline solid wastes in Lin-Hai Industrial Park 35
4.3-2 Taiwan: Da-Yuan Industrial Park Papermaking Process Integration within Cheng Loong Corp in Taoyuan Industrial Park 36
4.3-3 Taiwan: Formosa Plastic Corp. Schematic diagram of construction of green supply chain in Lin-Yuan Industrial Park 37
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