Biomass, Biofuels, ILUC & Sustainability Assessment Rmy Dnos - - PDF document

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Biomass, Biofuels, ILUC & Sustainability Assessment

Rémy Dénos European Commission DG Energy Directorate C Renewables, Research and Innovation, Energy Efficiency Bioeconomy Information System and Observatory Workshop 21/11/2014 – JRC - ISPRA

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Technology Results from the National Renewable Energy Action Plans

50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Heat pumps Biomass Wind Tide, wave, ocean Solar Geothermal Hydro

ktoe

2020 Projections Over 10% of EU final energy consumption (140 Mtoe)

• 7% of energy consumption in electricity
• 17% of energy consumption in Heating and Cooling
• 9.5% of energy consumption in transport

Biomass in 2020

Today: Biomass: ~ 4.5% of electricity ~11% of H&C

(92% of RE H&C)

Biofuels: 5.5% of transport fuels

(80%: produced in the EU)

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EU Objectives 2020

2020 2030 2050 GHG emissions

• 20% (1 - wrt 1990)
• 40% (5 - wrt 1990)
• 80%

Transport

• 6% (4 - FQD - wrt 2010)
• 20% (2, wrt 2008)
• 60 % (2*, wrt 2008)

Share of RE in EU energy consumption 20% (1) (3) 27% (5) Transport 10% (3 - RED) Improvement in Energy Efficiency 20% (1) (6) 30% (5)

Binding (1) 2020 Climate Energy package, 2007 (2) Transport White paper, 2011 * 40% low carbon sustainable fuels in aviation by 2050 (3) Renewable Energy Directive (RED) , 2009, B, NREAP (4) Fuel Quality Directive (FQD), 2009, B (5) 2030 framework for climate and energy policies, 2014 (6) Energy Efficiency Directive, 2012, B

27% (5)

Biofuels cannot come from land:

With high carbon stock High biodiversity (primary forest etc.)

Biofuels need to save at least 35% compared to fossil fuels, increasing to 50% in 2017 But, indirect impacts not taken into account:

• ILUC mandate for the Commission (RED article 19(6))
• > Commission proposal COM (2012) 595 amending RED & FQD

4 Source: Figure 18 of IFPRI-report

Feedstock specific results (gCO2/MJ)

Vegetable oils Cereals and sugars IFPRI-study technical findings: Feedstock specific results (gCO2/MJ) On average, these emissions would negate around 70% the direct savings offered by biofuels, leaving the average biofuel mix at 22% savings (biofuels on average still save emissions compared to fossil fuels).

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Main elements to mitigate ILUC

• COM: 10% transport target + 5% cap for food crop based biofuels

(applies to RED)

• Incentive for advanced biofuels that do no create additional demand

for land: accounting 4 times the energy content (RED)

• Reporting on estimated carbon stock change due to ILUC

(RED+FQD)

• Increase minimum greenhouse gas savings for biofuels installations

after 07/2014 (RED+FQD) to 60%

• Council: 10% transport target + 7% cap for food crop based

biofuels (applies to RED) + binding target of 2.5% on advanced biofuels

• EP: 10% transport target + 6% cap for crop- based biofuels, incl.

energy crops (applies to RED, FQD and public support) and ILUC accounting for FQD + 0.5% non binding target on advanced biofuels

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Negotiation timeline

• Negotiations have been ongoing for two years:
• Oct 2012

Commission's proposal

• Sep 2013

European Parliament's 1st reading

• Jun 2014

Council's political agreement

• Transmission from the Council to the EP expected in

[January 2015] and EP 2nd reading will begin

• [Finalisation of negotiations expected next year]

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2030 Framework

2020 2030 2050 GHG emissions

• 20% (1 - wrt 1990)
• 40% (5 - wrt 1990)
• 80%

Transport

• 6% (4 - FQD - wrt 2010)
• 20% (2, wrt 2008)
• 60 % (2*, wrt 2008)

Share of RE in EU energy consumption 20% (1) (3) 27% (5) Transport 10% (3 - RED) Improvement in Energy Efficiency 20% (1) (6) 30% (5)

Binding (1) 2020 Climate Energy package, 2007 (2) Transport White paper, 2011 * 40% low carbon sustainable fuels in aviation by 2050 (3) Renewable Energy Directive (RED) , 2009, B, NREAP (4) Fuel Quality Directive (FQD), 2009, B (5) 2030 framework for climate and energy policies, 2014 (6) Energy Efficiency Directive, 2012, B

2030 Framework on biofuels: 'The Commission does not think it appropriate to establish new targets for renewable energy or the greenhouse gas intensity of fuels used in the transport sector or any other sub-sector after 2020‘ 'The Commission has already indicated, for example, that food-based biofuels should not receive public support after 2020‘ 'The focus of policy development should be on… second and third generation biofuels and other alternative, sustainable fuels...' 27% Binding at EU Level

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FP7 2007-2013

FP7: 50.5 bEur total funding (7 years) Energy: 2.5 bEur (5%)

400

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Operational Advanced Biofuels Facilities (demo & commercial)

• Europe

www.demoplants.bioenergy2020.eu

Abengoa Borregaard Chempolis Neste Oil Clariant

Biomassekraftwerk Güssing

Inbicon BioMCN Neste Oil M&G/Chemtex

L.EtOH L.EtOH L.EtOH L.EtOH L.EtOH L.EtOH

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H2020 – Call 2015

LCE 11 Developing next generation technologies for biofuels and sustainable alternative fuels – RIA - TRL 3-4 -> 4-5 – 3-6 MEur 05/05/2014 (2 stages) – 60 MEur total budget shared with RIA LCE2 LCE 12 Demonstrating advanced biofuel technologies IA TRL 5-6 – 6-7 5-20 MEur – 80 MEur total budget shared with IA LCE3 LCE14 Market uptake of existing and emerging sustainable bioenergy CSA 1-2 MEur

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Biomass, Biofuels, ILUC & Sustainability Assessment

Rémy Dénos European Commission DG Energy Directorate C Renewables, Research and Innovation, Energy Efficiency Bioeconomy Information System and Observatory Workshop 21/11/2014 – JRC - ISPRA