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Restoration and return of mangroves and fisheries in abandoned aquaculture farms
M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation Chennai Dr.V.Selvam
Regional Colloquium on Mangrove Restoration Chennai 30-31 Aug. 2012
SLIDE 2 Shrimp farming started in late 1980s
Currently 1.4 lakhs shrimp farms; small scale in nature
Semi-intensive system of shrimp farming
2006-07 Production rate 8.4% per annum ; about 1 million tons
2009-10 Reduced to 0.70 million tons in
Major causes
increased input coast poor environmental management
Coastal Aquaculture – Indian Scenario
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Shrimp farms abandoned in large scale
Impact on shrimp farming families - high
Major questions How to make shrimp farming environmentally and economically sustainable? Is there any way to integrate shrimp farming with mangrove cultivation? Integrated Mangrove Fishery Farming system
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B U N D
IMFFS : integrates cultivation of mangroves and culture of fish
Fish/ Crab Outlet Inlet Inner bund with mangroves Halophytes can also grown as cash crops Tidal flow Additional space for Mangrove plantation
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Outlet Inlet
Pilot farm developed near Pichavaram in Tamil Nadu
Inner bunds Started in 2006 partnership with a private farmer – SSS Marine Farms
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Mangrove plantation
Grow out area For fish, crab
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Halophytes
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During high tide During low tide
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April 2009
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June 2010
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Harvest of fish from integrated seawater farming system
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Species name In kg Average Per KG cost Rs/- Scylla serrata Crabs 83 250 20750 Lates calcarifer (Sea bass) 15 180 2700 Eels 8 60 420 Croakers 15 25 375 Mullets 15 30 450 Penaeus monodon Prawns 2 175 350 Total 138 25045.00
SLIDE 13 II Model with earthen mounds
Halophytes can also grown as cash crops on top of mounds Slopes of the mounds for mangrove plantation Water spread area for fish culture Tidal water
Tidal water Inlet
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Pilot testing
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Tidal fed ponds - Zero energy No artificial feed and No chemicals Suitable for mangrove crab culture – after a period of 3 to 4 years Less carbon foot print in shrimp farming – Aquaculture Authority of India
Advantages
Suitable to restore abandoned shrimp – which can not be reclaimed for agriculture Increase in adaptive capacity of the coastal community to cope up the salinization
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Recommendation Successful models of linking biodiversity conservation and livelihood enhancement need to documented, communicated and facilitated for large scale replication as a state programme through appropriate policy ( example: land distribution to poor for IMFFS) and capacity building
