Biochemical security in a technologically evolving world: converging - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Biochemical security in a technologically evolving world: converging - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Biochemical security in a technologically evolving world: converging sciences, challenges and opportunities Jonathan E. Forman, PhD Science Policy Adviser and Secretary to the OPCW Scientific Advisory Board Whic ich h Fiel ield d of of Sc

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Jonathan E. Forman, PhD Science Policy Adviser and Secretary to the OPCW Scientific Advisory Board

Biochemical security in a technologically evolving world: converging sciences, challenges and opportunities

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Whic ich h Fiel ield d of

  • f Sc

Science ience Mat atter ers? s?

Graphic from: Image Editor https://www.flickr.com/people/11304375@N07/

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Can an Chemistr emistry y an and Bio iolo logy gy Be Separat parated? ed?

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Can an Chemistr emistry y an and Bio iolo logy gy Be Separat parated? ed?

Che hemicals! micals!

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SLIDE 5

Can an Chemistr emistry y an and Bio iolo logy gy Be Separat parated? ed?

Che hemicals! micals!

Biology in the Chemical Weapons Convention The Defi finition nition of a Toxic ic Chemical cal Any chemical which through its ch chem emical ical acti ction

  • n on
  • n

lif ife pr proces

  • cesse

ses can cause death, temporary incapacitation or permanent harm to humans or animals. This includes all such chemicals, regardless of their origin or of their method of production, and regardless of whether they are produced in facilities, in munitions or elsewhere

Chemical Weapons Convention Article II, Paragraph 2

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Can an Chemistr emistry y an and Bio iolo logy gy Be Separat parated? ed?

Che hemicals! micals!

Biology in the Chemical Weapons Convention The Defi finition nition of a Toxic ic Chemical cal Any chemical which through its ch chem emical ical acti ction

  • n on
  • n

lif ife pr proces

  • cesse

ses can cause death, temporary incapacitation or permanent harm to humans or animals. This includes all such chemicals, regardless of their origin or of their method of production, and regardless of whether they are produced in facilities, in munitions or elsewhere

Chemical Weapons Convention Article II, Paragraph 2

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Treaty aty Im Implem lement entation ation

The Chemica cal l Weapo pons ns Con

  • nven

vention tion

Di Disarma mamen ment (Destruction struction and nd Verif ificatio ication) Non-pr prolif

  • lifera

eration tion (Verif rificatio ication) Assista istance ce and nd Pro rotec ection tion again inst st CWs International nternational Coopera peration tion

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Treaty aty Im Implem lement entation ation

The Chemica cal l Weapo pons ns Con

  • nven

vention tion

Di Disarma mamen ment (Destruction struction and nd Verif ificatio ication) Non-pr prolif

  • lifera

eration tion (Verif rificatio ication) Assista istance ce and nd Pro rotec ection tion again inst st CWs International nternational Coopera peration tion Verif ificatio ication: ~ 7,900 “inspector days” in 2016

(~3,000 000 fo for industr ustrial al inspe pecti ction

  • ns)

Article icle XI (CW CWC) C) Article icle X (BWC) C) Article icle X (CW CWC) C) Article icle VII (BWC) C)

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Chemi emical cal an and Bio iolo logi gical cal Weapons apons Threa reat t Spectrum pectrum

Toxic industrial, ustrial, pharmace rmaceutical utical and agricultur cultural al Chem emical cals Emergi ging ng CW Ae Aero rosols Mustar tard Nerve ve Agent ents Hydro roge gen n Cyanide de Phosge gene ne Substance stance P Neuro rokin kinin n A Bot

  • tulinum

num Saxitoxin xin Ricin Modifi fied ed/t /tai ailored red bacter eria a and viruses es Bacter eria Viruses ses Riketts ttsia Anthrax hrax Plague gue Tular arem emia

Agents ts of bio iologic logical al orig igin “Chemicals”

Classi sical al CW Industr ustrial al Chem emical cals Bioregulat gulators Pepti tide des s Toxins Geneti tical cally Modifi fied ed BW Traditi tion

  • nal

al BW

Poison isons In Infe fectious ctious Agents ts

Chemi emical al Wea eapons pons Convent ntion ion (Articl icle e II) Biologi logical al and nd Toxin xin Weapon eapons s Conven ention tion (Article ticle I)

Adopted from Graham S Pearson, ASA Newsletter, 90-1, February 1990 and Robert Mathews at TWG on Convergence.1st Meeting 2011

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“Rapid Advances in Science and Technology”

1993 CWC Opened for Signature

Grow rows by by ~15,0 ,000/da /day

CA CAS Regis istr try Number ers (chemi emical cal substa stance ces and sequence ences) s)

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“Rapid Advances in Science and Technology”

1993 CWC Opened for Signature

Grow rows by by ~15,0 ,000/da /day

CA CAS Regis istr try Number ers (chemi emical cal substa stance ces and sequence ences) s)

At At current grow

  • wth

h rate: genomic data will consu sume more bytes s than astronom

  • my,

, Twitter er, and YouTube data combin ined

http://127.0.0.1:8081/plosbiology/article?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002195

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“Rapid Advances in Science and Technology”

1993 CWC Opened for Signature

Grow rows by by ~15,0 ,000/da /day

CA CAS Regis istr try Number ers (chemi emical cal substa stance ces and sequence ences) s)

At At current grow

  • wth

h rate: genomic data will consu sume more bytes s than astronom

  • my,

, Twitter er, and YouTube data combin ined

http://127.0.0.1:8081/plosbiology/article?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002195

http://olihb.com/2014/08/11/map-of-scientific-collaboration-redux/

International cooperation: This is good right?

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“Rapid Advances in Science and Technology”

1993 CWC Opened for Signature

Grow rows by by ~15,0 ,000/da /day

CA CAS Regis istr try Number ers (chemi emical cal substa stance ces and sequence ences) s)

At At current grow

  • wth

h rate: genomic data will consu sume more bytes s than astronom

  • my,

, Twitter er, and YouTube data combin ined

http://127.0.0.1:8081/plosbiology/article?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002195

http://olihb.com/2014/08/11/map-of-scientific-collaboration-redux/

International cooperation: This is good right?

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SLIDE 14

The Uncer certaint tainty y of

  • f T

Techn chnolo

  • logical

gical Change ange

  • New weap

apon

  • nisat

isation ion ca capabi abilitie lities?

  • Unrec

recogniza

  • gnizable

ble threa reats ts

  • New productio

roduction n met methods

  • ds an

and new toxic ic chemicals? emicals?

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A Citation “Map” of Science

2015 Citations and Web of Science Categories Stephen Carley, et al DOI: 10.1515/jdis-2017-0015

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www.opcw.org/fileadmin/OPCW/SAB/en/TWG_Scientific_Advsiory_Group_Final_Report.pdf

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www.opcw.org/fileadmin/OPCW/SAB/en/TWG_Scientific_Advsiory_Group_Final_Report.pdf

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Where ere Doe

  • es

s This is In Inter ersec sect wit ith Pol

  • lic

icy? y?

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Where ere Doe

  • es

s This is In Inter ersec sect wit ith Pol

  • lic

icy? y?

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Where ere Doe

  • es

s This is In Inter ersec sect wit ith Pol

  • lic

icy? y?

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Where ere Doe

  • es

s This is In Inter ersec sect wit ith Pol

  • lic

icy? y?

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Where ere Doe

  • es

s This is In Inter ersec sect wit ith Pol

  • lic

icy? y?

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In Industrial dustrial Biot iotechn echnol

  • logy
  • gy:

What at Doe

  • es

s it it T Tak ake? e?

http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2015/04/12/3-takeaways-from-my-recent-visit-to-amyris-inc.aspx

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In Industrial dustrial Biot iotechn echnol

  • logy
  • gy:

What at Doe

  • es

s it it T Tak ake? e?

http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2015/04/12/3-takeaways-from-my-recent-visit-to-amyris-inc.aspx

?

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The he Se Secu curity rity Di Dimension? nsion?

Bio iolo logi gical cal Prod roduc uction tion of

  • f

“Classical” Chemical Agents?

Anything is possible… bearing in mind that ch chemical cal agents nts are desig igned ned to h

  • harm bi

biol

  • log
  • gica

cal fu funct ction

  • n
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Opportunities for “New” Agents?

Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2014;16(4):525-537

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Opportunities for “New” Agents?

Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2014;16(4):525-537 PLoS Biol (2015) 13,: e1002165. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002165

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A Sa Sampli ling ng of Toxi xins ns

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A Sa Sampli ling ng of Toxi xins ns

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www.opcw.org/fileadmin/OPCW/SAB/en/TWG_Scientific_Advsiory_Group_Final_Report.pdf

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www.opcw.org/fileadmin/OPCW/SAB/en/TWG_Scientific_Advsiory_Group_Final_Report.pdf

13/19 /19 Reco comme mmendations ndations ar are “to continue monitoring” 4/1 /19 9 Reco comme mmendations ndations ar are to “engage” with stakeholders

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www.opcw.org/fileadmin/OPCW/SAB/en/TWG_Scientific_Advsiory_Group_Final_Report.pdf

13/19 /19 Reco comme mmendations ndations ar are “to continue monitoring” 4/1 /19 9 Reco comme mmendations ndations ar are to “engage” with stakeholders

Conside dered further er in TWG on verific ication ation, Discussi ssions

  • ns with States Parties
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Oil Price/Barrel (USD), 1946 – 20 October 2017

Ha Has s Anything hing Changed anged Since ince the SA SAB Repor port? t?

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Oil Price/Barrel (USD), 1946 – 20 October 2017

Ha Has s Anything hing Changed anged Since ince the SA SAB Repor port? t?

Oil process < $45/barrel: biobased cannot compete with petrochemical feedstocks Oil process > 65%/barrel: biobased processes become favorable for many commodity chemcials Bioeconomic Initiatives 2007 - 2013

Less impact from oil?

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Oil Price/Barrel (USD), 1946 – 20 October 2017

Ha Has s Anything hing Changed anged Since ince the SA SAB Repor port? t?

Oil process < $45/barrel: biobased cannot compete with petrochemical feedstocks Oil process > 65%/barrel: biobased processes become favorable for many commodity chemcials Bioeconomic Initiatives 2007 - 2013

(estimated in 2008)

Less impact from oil?

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Bio iobased ased Process rocesses es Wil ill l Con

  • ntinue

inue to D

  • Develop

lop

http://www.biooekonomierat.de/biooekonomie/international/

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Bio iobased ased Process rocesses es Wil ill l Con

  • ntinue

inue to D

  • Develop

lop

http://www.biooekonomierat.de/biooekonomie/international/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4993189/ (fine chemical production)

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Bio iobased ased Process rocesses es Wil ill l Con

  • ntinue

inue to D

  • Develop

lop

http://www.biooekonomierat.de/biooekonomie/international/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4993189/ (fine chemical production)

?

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Driv iving ing Force

  • rces

s for

  • r Technological

hnological Change hange

OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook DOI: 10.1787/25186167

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Driv iving ing Force

  • rces

s for

  • r Technological

hnological Change hange

OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook DOI: 10.1787/25186167

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Techn chnolo

  • logy

gy Developer lopers

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Techn chnolo

  • logy

gy Developer lopers

https://www.cbinsights.com/blog/synthetic-biology-startup-market-map/

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Techn chnolo

  • logy

gy Developer lopers

https://www.cbinsights.com/blog/synthetic-biology-startup-market-map/ https://www.cbinsights.com/blog/synthetic-biology-corporate-investments /

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Techn chnolo

  • logy

gy Developer lopers

https://www.cbinsights.com/blog/synthetic-biology-startup-market-map/ https://www.cbinsights.com/blog/synthetic-biology-corporate-investments /

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Ec Economic mic Driv iver ers s for

  • r Dif

iffusion fusion

  • f
  • f Sc

Science ience an and Tech chno nology logy

On One Chemi emical al Compan mpany y with h faciliti ilities s across ross > 80 St States es Pa Parties! ies!

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All ll of

  • f th

this is Ad Advanced anced Sci cienc ence e with Misuse Potential and…

  • Allegat

egations ions of use of Chlor

  • rine

ine Gas, , Sulfur Mustar tard d and nd Nerve e Agents nts

Image from bellingcat Image circulating on social media, August 2015

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All ll of

  • f th

this is Ad Advanced anced Sci cienc ence e with Misuse Potential and…

  • Allegat

egations ions of use of Chlor

  • rine

ine Gas, , Sulfur Mustar tard d and nd Nerve e Agents nts

Image from bellingcat Image circulating on social media, August 2015 http://chemicalweapons.cenmag.org/

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All ll of

  • f th

this is Ad Advanced anced Sci cienc ence e with Misuse Potential and…

  • Allegat

egations ions of use of Chlor

  • rine

ine Gas, , Sulfur Mustar tard d and nd Nerve e Agents nts

Image from bellingcat Image circulating on social media, August 2015 http://chemicalweapons.cenmag.org/

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SLIDE 49

All ll of

  • f th

this is Ad Advanced anced Sci cienc ence e with Misuse Potential and…

  • Allegat

egations ions of use of Chlor

  • rine

ine Gas, , Sulfur Mustar tard d and nd Nerve e Agents nts

Image from bellingcat Image circulating on social media, August 2015 http://chemicalweapons.cenmag.org/

  • Diseas

eases es found in nature

  • Nature does not sign
  • r honour treaties!
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https://extension.umd.edu/hgic/ch lorine-toxicity-trees-and-shrubs

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Oppor portunities tunities Abound

  • und

The Chemica cal l Weapo pons ns Con

  • nven

vention tion

Di Disarma mamen ment (Destruction struction and nd Verif ificatio ication) Non-pr prolif

  • lifera

eration tion (Verif rificatio ication) Assista istance ce and nd Pro rotec ection tion again inst st CWs International nternational Coopera peration tion

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SLIDE 54

Oppor portunities tunities Abound

  • und

The Chemica cal l Weapo pons ns Con

  • nven

vention tion

Di Disarma mamen ment (Destruction struction and nd Verif ificatio ication) Non-pr prolif

  • lifera

eration tion (Verif rificatio ication) Assista istance ce and nd Pro rotec ection tion again inst st CWs International nternational Coopera peration tion

Mic icrob

  • bial

al breakdo kdown

  • f chem

emical cals Medica cal Count nter ermeasure easures, s, Prot rotec ecti tive e Mater erial ials and Decon

  • nta

taminant ants Point int-of

  • f-care

care dia iagno nosti stics cs Opportuni nities ties for for In Internat rnationa ional l Scie ient ntifi ific Coll llaborat aboration ion

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Prac actical tical Con

  • nsiderati

siderations

  • ns
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Chan ange ge is is In Inevi vitable! table!

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Don’t Be Afraid: Secu curi rity ty Needs eds Scienti cientific ic Lit iteracy racy

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Ou Our r Chal allenge lenge

  • Ma

Main intai ain n an and continue ntinue to buil ild d on n re rele levan ant t kno nowledge wledge an and cap apab abil ility ity

  • Rec

ecogniz

  • gnize

e Op Oppor portu tunity nity

  • Capabilities not labels
  • Engage the innovators
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Ou Our r Chal allenge lenge

  • Ma

Main intai ain n an and continue ntinue to buil ild d on n re rele levan ant t kno nowledge wledge an and cap apab abil ility ity

  • Rec

ecogniz

  • gnize

e Op Oppor portu tunity nity

  • Capabilities not labels
  • Engage the innovators
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Jonathan E. Forman, PhD

Science Policy Adviser and Secretary to the OPCW Scientific Advisory Board

Jonathan.forman@opcw.org

Thank you