Getting Started L A T EX and Math Miscellaneous Exercises Become a L A T EX Guru Jason Gross ’13 1 Many thanks to Michele, who was my coteacher for this class for Splash 2009 Jason Gross ’13 Become a L A T EX Guru
Getting Started L A T EX and Math Miscellaneous Exercises 1. Log in using the username sipb2 and the password hsspMONSTER 2. Once you are logged on, type sudo apt-get install kile okular in the terminal and press enter. 3. When prompted for a password, type the password you used to log on (in this case, hsspMONSTER ) and press enter. Do not worry if the password does not show up as you type it. 4. When it asks you if you want to continue, type y and press enter. 5. When it is finished installing, type kile in the terminal, and press enter. 6. Happy L A T EXing! Jason Gross ’13 Become a L A T EX Guru
Getting Started How to set up a document L A T EX and Math Help files Miscellaneous Good L A T EX practices Exercises Optional (but useful) packages How to set up a document \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \begin{document} Your stuff goes here! \end{document} Jason Gross ’13 Become a L A T EX Guru
Getting Started How to set up a document L A T EX and Math Help files Miscellaneous Good L A T EX practices Exercises Optional (but useful) packages The default we have given is the article document type, but there are others available: report , book , letter , slides . You can also set options for your document: \documentclass[11pt, letterpaper, landscape, twoside] {article} . Refer to the help files for more details. Jason Gross ’13 Become a L A T EX Guru
Getting Started How to set up a document L A T EX and Math Help files Miscellaneous Good L A T EX practices Exercises Optional (but useful) packages Help files ◮ lshort: This is the biggest beginner help file available on the web for L A T EX. Go to http: //mirror.ctan.org/info/lshort/english/lshort.pdf . Alternatively, Google lshort and it will come up. ◮ Google: One of the best help files out there. Google anything you want to accomplish along with L A T EX and you will get something. Unless of course you type "Build a time machine" latex . ◮ http://www.ctan.org : Gives the full documentation for any package, the source code, etc. ◮ http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html . Slightly more useful for tablets, but useful nonetheless. If you need help finding a specific symbol, we can help you. Jason Gross ’13 Become a L A T EX Guru
Getting Started How to set up a document L A T EX and Math Help files Miscellaneous Good L A T EX practices Exercises Optional (but useful) packages Good L A T EX practices ◮ The default margins are small for a reason. It is easier to read papers if there are no more than 80 characters on a line; this is why newspapers have multiple columns. Don’t change the defaults unless you have good reason to and you know what you are doing. ◮ In general, don’t change the defaults unless you have good reason to. This applies to font size as well. ◮ L A T EX (mostly) ignores duplicated white space. If you have two or more returns in a row, this makes a new line. Don’t tell L A T EX to make multiple blank lines because it knows how to make things more readable. The one major exception to this rule is math mode. Jason Gross ’13 Become a L A T EX Guru
Getting Started How to set up a document L A T EX and Math Help files Miscellaneous Good L A T EX practices Exercises Optional (but useful) packages ◮ Every so often in the source code press enter (to make it readable - about every 80 characters). This won’t affect your output because L A T EX doesn’t render single line breaks. ◮ Use logical structure in your documents. Don’t hardcode (too much) formatting into your document; use predefined L A T EX commands (like \section{} , etc.). ◮ (For advanced L A T EX users) Don’t define too many macros, use obscure packages not on CTAN, and do other weird things like that. If you do, publishers won’t like you very much. Jason Gross ’13 Become a L A T EX Guru
Getting Started How to set up a document L A T EX and Math Help files Miscellaneous Good L A T EX practices Exercises Optional (but useful) packages Optional (but useful) packages Packages provided added functionality for your L A T EX code. To include a package use the command \usepackage[ (optional) Options ]{ Package name } . Package name Description amsmath Gives an environment for typsetting math formulas. Namely \begin{equation} \end{equation} , among other things. amssymb Gives mathematical symbols that may not be built into L A T EX amsthm Gives an environment for typing the- orems in a standard format Jason Gross ’13 Become a L A T EX Guru
Getting Started How to set up a document L A T EX and Math Help files Miscellaneous Good L A T EX practices Exercises Optional (but useful) packages Package name Description Can insert pictures from .jpg, .pdf, graphicx .png, .eps, among others using the \includegraphics[ (optional) Op- tions ]{ filename } Lets you make hyperlinks hyperref Lets you change the margins geometry enumerate Lets you control the enumerate envi- ronment for lists and outlines You’ll want to load amsmath and amssymb for any sort of math typsetting. Jason Gross ’13 Become a L A T EX Guru
Getting Started L A T EX and Math Basic math typsetting Miscellaneous Exercises Ways to get into math mode ◮ As you are typing regular text, put any math mode commands (or math) between $$ like so: $\frac{3}{4}$ (this will look like 3 4 ). This can be inserted right in the middle of text: The answer is $x = 3$. ◮ Use the package amsmath and then use \begin{equation}\end{equation} (numbers your lines between the two commands) or \begin{equation*}\end{equation*} (does not number your lines). ◮ Place math between \[ insert math here \] or $$ insert math here $$ to get it centered on a new line. Jason Gross ’13 Become a L A T EX Guru
Getting Started L A T EX and Math Basic math typsetting Miscellaneous Exercises A few common math things A more exhaustive list can be found through the lshort reference. ◮ Fractions: $\frac{1}{4}$ ( 1 4 ), 1+ 1 $\frac{1 + \frac{1}{3}}{2x + \frac{1}{5}}$ ( 5 ) 3 2 x + 1 ◮ Exponents and subscripts: $x_1^2 + x_2^2 + \cdots + x_{11}^2$ ( x 2 1 + x 2 2 + · · · + x 2 11 ), $(3x + 7)^{100}$ ((3 x + 7) 100 ) ◮ Trig functions: $\cos(\sin x)$ (cos(sin x )) ◮ Summations: $\sum_{i = 0}^5 (ar^n)$ ( � 5 i =0 ( ar n )) ◮ Integrals: $\int_0^{\pi/2}e^x \ln x\,dx$ � π/ 2 e x ln x dx ) ( 0 √ ◮ Square roots and n th roots: $\sqrt{x^2 + 1}$ ( x 2 + 1), √ 3 $\sqrt[3]{8} = 2$ ( 8 = 2) ◮ Greek letters: $\pi$ ( π ), $\Omega$ (Ω), $\omega$ ( ω ) Jason Gross ’13 Become a L A T EX Guru
Getting Started L A T EX and Math Basic math typsetting Miscellaneous Exercises Feel free to start on the exercises if you want, but it may be in your best interests to keep listening for a while. Jason Gross ’13 Become a L A T EX Guru
Getting Started L A T EX and Math Basic math typsetting Miscellaneous Exercises A few not so common math things ◮ Spaces in math mode are tricky. Here are some ways to fix up spaces: Symbol Code Example xy \! x \! y x y \, x \, y \: x \: y x y x y \; x \; y \ x \ y x y x y \quad x \quad y \qquad x \qquad y x y ◮ How to box an answer (only in text mode): \framebox[ width ][ position (l, c, r) ]{ text } For example, Einstein said, E = mc 2 ! Jason Gross ’13 Become a L A T EX Guru
Getting Started L A T EX and Math Things to watch out for Miscellaneous Other environments Exercises Just a few reminders/cautions: ◮ L A T EX is case-sensitive (for the most part), so if you are getting strange compiler errors, check your capitalization. ◮ Some characters are only available in math mode (e.g. < , > ) ◮ Special characters that L A T EX will get angry about: # , $ , % , ^ , & , _ , { , } , ~ , \ . To typeset these, use this instead: \# , \$ , \% , \^{} , \& , \_ , \{ , \} , \~{} , \textbackslash Jason Gross ’13 Become a L A T EX Guru
Getting Started L A T EX and Math Things to watch out for Miscellaneous Other environments Exercises The list environment ◮ Lists: Here are two examples of lists and their output: \begin{itemize} ◮ Math \item Math ◮ Chemistry \item Chemistry \item Physics ◮ Physics \end{itemize} Jason Gross ’13 Become a L A T EX Guru
Getting Started L A T EX and Math Things to watch out for Miscellaneous Other environments Exercises Another list environment \begin{enumerate} 1. Math \item Math \item Chemistry 2. Chemistry \item Physics 3. Physics \end{enumerate} Jason Gross ’13 Become a L A T EX Guru
Getting Started L A T EX and Math Things to watch out for Miscellaneous Other environments Exercises The tabular environment ◮ Tables: \begin{tabular}{l|cc} Number & Numeral & Roman Number Numeral Roman \\ \hline Five 5 V Five & $5$ & $V$\\ Ten 10 X Ten & $10$ & $X$\\ \end{tabular} Jason Gross ’13 Become a L A T EX Guru
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