[PDF] - Bats 1 2/12/2018 While we are sleeping .. 2 2/12/2018 Video: PDF Document

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2/12/2018 1

180,000 bed bug bites later.....

….the aggregation pheromone of the common bed bug is finally identified

Regine Gries, Robert Britton, Michael Holmes & Gerhard Gries

Bats

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2/12/2018 2

While we are sleeping …..

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Video: Mike Hrabar & Regine Gries

Bed bug bites

Dermal reactions
Pain
Itch
Emotional distress
Paranoia
Insomnia

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Bed bugs

Global resurgence

Hospital statistics

Video: Mike Hrabar & Regine Gries

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Early detection - key to prevention & eradication

f bed bug infestations

(Early) detection

tricky, tedious & time-consuming Sniffer dogs good at detecting bed bugs

Costly

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Needed

effective & affordable lure and trap

What lure? What lure?

Host cues Bed bug signals

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What lure?

Host cues

Carbon dioxide in breath
Body heat
Body odorants

NightWatch & the like

effective but affordable? Surge protector & bed bug trap (heat) effective? affordable?

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2/12/2018 8 BEAP (mimics sleeping body) affordable, effective? BEAP (mimics sleeping body) affordable, effective?

Host cues

technically challenging, expensive

r short-lived effect

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Bed bug signals

Aggregation pheromone!!!

Large bed bug colony to accumulate pheromone Feed them on animal blood!

Regine Gries feeding bed bugs

Photo: Greg Ehlers

Bed bug feeding video

Video: Hans Goksoyr

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Source of bed bug pheromone?

Cast cuticle Feces bb themselves

Source of bed bug pheromone?

Cast cuticle

Cast cuticle likely signals both safe haven & host presence!

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Cast cuticle source of pheromone?

Testing response to accessible cast cuticle

Cast cuticle contains pheromone

Testing response to inaccessible cast cuticle

Physical contact is needed to sense the pheromone. Pheromone causes arrestment but not attraction.

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2/12/2018 12 Extracted cast cuticles in solvent Withdrew extract of cast cuticles

Tested response to Cast Cuticle Extract (CCE)

Methanol extract of cast cuticles contains arrestment-inducing pheromone! SC

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Two-dimensional NMR

Compounds in methanol extract Large arena bioassays

Histamine = arrestment-inducing pheromone

Field experiment Dec 2013

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Histamine on its own

in apartments: no effect!

Histamine

not volatile not attractive

Need to find attractive components!

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Bed bug feces

Source of attractive components? Volatilized feces odorants

80 ºC 176 ºF

Analyzed headspace odorants by ion trap GC-MS

Total ion chromatogram of feces odorants

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Synthetic blend (SB) of feces odorants

Response to Synthetic Blend (SB)

CC

SB contains attractive volatile pheromone components (VPCs) What are the pheromone components? Deletion experiments

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35 experiments later…….

Volatile pheromone components (VPCs)!

Field experiments April/May 2014

Tease apart the effect of the VPCs & H

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Experimental trap & lure Experimental trap & lure

H VPCs

Paired design for field experiments

H VPCs

cm

VPCs

30-40 cm 30-40 cm

100 cm

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Field experiments Paired design for field experiments

H VPCs

cm 30-40 cm 30-40 cm

100 cm

H

Field experiments

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VPCs: attractive

H: arrestant