Basic Immunohistochemistry (IHC) 1 CIHRT Exhibit P-1603 Page - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Basic Immunohistochemistry (IHC) 1 CIHRT Exhibit P-1603 Page - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 02, 2023 591 likes •771 views

CIHRT Exhibit P-1603 Page 1 Basic Immunohistochemistry (IHC) 1 CIHRT Exhibit P-1603 Page 2 Basic IHC IHC harnesses the immunological mechanism in human beings, eg. cold virus. Lymphoid cells produce antibodies to fight

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Basic Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

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IHC harnesses the immunological

mechanism in human beings, eg. cold virus.

Lymphoid cells produce antibodies to fight

viruses.

These antibodies are biologically

manufactured by our cells to target the virus.

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IHC antibodies for pathology diagnosis apply

the same principle. Antibody makers extract the protein from human cells and inject them into mice/rabbits.

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After a period of time, mice/rabbits produce

the specific antibodies against the human cell proteins.

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There are different and specific protein

targets that the antibodies locate, eg. Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor

  • protein. This is the antigen.

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Once the antibodies and antigen react, they

need to be examined under a microscope.

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For microscopic analysis, the tissue removed

from the patient is preserved in formalin and placed on paraffin wax blocks. These blocks are cut into thin slices or sections and placed

  • n glass slides.

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Then the tissue is put through a complex

laboratory procedure of antigen retrieval (AR) because formalin fixation masks the

  • antigens. AR increases the accessibility to

the antigen.

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Following completion of the AR, the next step

is the antibody reaction.

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After the antibody reaction, comes the final

stage of the technical process - the detection system.

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DAB=diaminobenzidine

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Finally, the slides are analyzed by a

pathologist who interprets the immunostaining of the cells and cell structure.

Examples: 1) nuclear 2) cytoplasmic 3) membranous

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  • IHC is a multi-varied tool for prognostic and

diagnostic purposes. This includes 1) differentiation of tumors, 2) classification of lymphomas (eg. CD20 for B cell lymphomas) 3) to identify invasion of cancerous cells and 4) to identify diagnostic and prognostic proteins in the tissue (eg. (ER/PR).

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