Basic Hydrologic Processes Basic Output: Water balance Basic - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Basic Hydrologic Processes Basic Output: Water balance Basic - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 11, 2023 127 likes •306 views

Basic Hydrologic Processes Basic Output: Water balance Basic Approach: Control Look at the Hydrologic Budget Volume P + Q i - Q o - R( I) E T = S P = Precipitation Q i = Inflow Q o = Outflow R(I) = Recharge E = Evaporation T =

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Basic Hydrologic Processes

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Basic Output: Water balance

Basic Approach: Look at the Hydrologic Budget P + Qi - Qo - R(I) – E – T = ∆S P = Precipitation Qi = Inflow Qo = Outflow R(I) = Recharge E = Evaporation T = Transpiration ∆S = Change in Storage I = Infiltration is a process : I = T+R+Q0 Qo

Control Volume

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Watersheds

NOAA Definition: “It is a land area that channels Rainfall and Snowmelt to creeks, and rivers, and eventually to Outflow Points such as reservoirs, bays, and the ocean”

Typically WSBs align along ridges. Watershed 1 Watershed 2

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Watershed Components

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How do we combine these data?

Digital Elevation Models Watersheds Streams Waterbodies

Watershed Data Layers

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An integrated raster-vector database

Watershed Data Layers

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2-digit water resource regions 8-digit HUC watersheds

Region 01 New England Region 02 Mid-Atlantic Region 03 South Atlantic-Gulf Region 04 Great Lakes Region 05 Ohio Region 06 Tennessee Region 07 Upper Mississippi Region 08 Lower Mississippi Region 09 Souris-Red-Rainy Region 10 Missouri Region 11 Arkansas-White-Red Region 12 Texas-Gulf Region 13 Rio Grande Region 14 Upper Colorado Region 15 Lower Colorado Region 16 Great Basin Region 17 Pacific Northwest Region 18 California Region 19 Alaska (Old numbering system) Region 20 Hawaii Region 21 Caribbea

Watersheds of the US

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8 HUC 4 2 6 NHDPlus 10 12 Available In Progress Digit #

Sub-Region Region Accounting U Catalouging U WaterShed Sub-WaterShed

Watershed Hierarchy

02 Mid-Atlantic Region 0201 Richelieu 020100 Richelieu, NY & VT 02010001Lake George 02010004Ausable Example 02010004Great Chazy-Saranac

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~ 2000 for US, about the size of counties

Hydrologic Unit Code (8-Digit) Watersheds

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2990 HUC12 watersheds of average area 39.3 square miles HUC12:HUC8 ~ 40:1 watersheds

Watershed Boundary Data for Nebraska

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EPA Reach Files 100 grid cell threshold 1000 grid cell threshold

Watershed Stream Network

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EPA River Reach File 1

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Lower West Fork, Trinity River Basin HUC = 12030102

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USGS Mission Area: Water Resources

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Precipitation

Standard way of measuring rain- or snowfall is a standard rain gauge. Rain Gauge or “Bucket” Tipping Mechanism For inaccessible areas => Satellite Imagery.

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Precipitation

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Hourly Data for US Stations starting 1951 https://data.nodc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.ncdc:C00313

Precipitation Data

… many more!

  • Gridded (various res)
  • Monthly mean
  • Yearly mean
  • forecasts