AXIS Mirror Assembly (AMA) William W. Zhang NASA Goddard Space - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

AXIS Mirror Assembly (AMA)

William W. Zhang NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

1 William W. Zhang AXIS Mtg at UMD

Next Generation X-ray Optics Team

2 William W. Zhang AXIS Mtg at UMD

K.D. Allgood1, M.P. Biskach1, J. Bonafede1,

K.W. Chan2, M. Hlinka1, J.D. Kearney1, L.D. Kolos, J.R. Mazzarella1, G. Matthews3, R.S. McClelland1,

• H. Mori2, A. Numata1, T. Okajima, L.G. Olsen,

R.E. Riveros2, T.T. Saha, P.M. Solly1, W.W. Zhang NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

1 Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc. 2 University of Maryland, Baltimore County 3ATA Aerospace, LLC

Funded by NASA through GSFC/IRAD, ROSES/APRA, and ROSES/SAT. Collaboration with MIT, MPE, and OAB is beginning.

The Meta-Shell Approach

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Mirror Segment s Meta- shells Assembl y Heritage from Chandra, XMM-Newton, Suzaku, & NuSTAR.

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How to Build a Meta-Shell?

Animation by Britt Griswold and Jay Friedlander

Visualizing AMA

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Primaries Secondaries Stray-light baffles Thermal Baffles & Spider web 1.8 m 0.4m

Mass: ~450 kg

Key Parameters of AMA

Parameters Values Focal length 9 m Inner diameter 0.3 m Outer diameter 1.7 m

• No. of meta-shells 6
• No. of mirror shells 298
• No. of mirror segments 16,568

Mass of AMA, incl. stray-light baffles, thermal baffles, and mounting structures 454 kg Unobstructed FOV diameter 10 arc-mins Effective areas, not accounting for detector QE 7,700 cm2@ 1 keV 1,626 cm2@ 6 keV 184 cm2@ 12 keV

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PSF vs. Off-Axis-Angle

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Flat Focal Surface Optimal Focal Surface

Reality will be somewhere between these two extremes.

AMA Top Level Error Budget

8 William W. Zhang AXIS Mtg at UMD

Coating 0.10

For a pair of mirrors. Based on normal incidence meas coating, and on x-ray measurement.

Alignment 0.10

This number for a pair of primary and secondary mirro mirror settling. Based on Hartmann measurement con

Bonding 0.10

This number for a pair of mirrors, including application to bonding. Based on finite elment analysis and model measurement using x-rays.

Alignment 0.10

This number respresents the ability to orient and trans Based on optical Hartmann measurement and fiduciar

Attachment 0.10

Based on optical alignment verification and end-to-end

Launch shift 0.10

Based on finite element analysis and modeling suppor term stability.

Gravity release 0.10

Based on finite element analysis and modeling which i measurement of large numbers of trials of individual m respect to gravity.

On-orbit thermal 0.10

Based on thermal modeling and analysis.

0.33

This is the on-axis performance of XMA on orbit. Add e the final obervatory-level PSF.

On Orbit Performance (RSS) Ground to Orbit Effects Fabrication Meta-Shell Construction Integration of Meta-shells to AMA

Four Technical Elements

• Mirror fabrication

– Grind and polish – Finish with an ion-beam

• Coating

– Sputter iridium with a magnetron – Eliminate stress

• Alignment

– Fine-tune the heights of spacers – Settle the mirror into alignment with acoustics

• Bonding

– Bond the mirror to its four spacers with adhesive

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Technology Status

• Mirror fabrication

– Consistently making 0.6” mirrors – Expect to reach 0.2” or better by 2019

• Coating

– Doing ~1” – At least two different methods are being investigated,

• ne at GSFC and the other at MIT
• Alignment

– Doing ~1” or slightly better – Expect to reach 0.5” by late 2018 and 0.2” by 2019

• Bonding

– Doing ~1” or slightly better – Expect to reach 0.5” by later 2018 and 0.2” by 2019

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Recent X-ray Test Result

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Two uncoated mono-crystalline silicon mirrors aligned and bonded on a silicon platform Full illumination with Ti-K X-rays (4.5 keV) Primary Mirror Secondary Mirror Silicon Plate

Three Prongs of Development

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Single-Pair Modules (TRL-4) Multiple-Pair Modules (TRL-5) Meta-Shells (TRL-6) Objectives: 1. Debug and verify mirror fabrication process. 2. Debug and verify the basic elements of alignment & bonding procedures.

Timeline: 2017: 3” HPD 2018: 1” HPD 2019: 0.5” PD 2020: ~0.2” HPD

Objectives: 1. Debug and verify co- alignment process. 2. Conduct environmental tests: vibration, thermal vacuum, and acoustic.

Timeline: 2018: 3” HPD 2019: 1” HPD 2020: 0.5” HPD 2022: ~0.2” HPD

Objectives: 1. Debug and verify every step of meta-shell manufacturing process. 2. Validate production schedule and cost estimates.

Timeline: 2019: 3” HPD 2020: 1” HPD 2022: 0.5” HPD 2024: ~0.2” HPD

Cost of Making AMA

• Part of a credible case for AXIS must include a

reasonable cost estimate for making AMA.

• We must provide concrete empirical evidence for the

cost estimating professionals to arrive at a reasonable number.

• Here is the beginnings of documenting a case:

– Each mirror substrate production costs $2000 in labor, and $2000 in material and equipment. – Each mirror costs $1000 in labor to align and bond and $1000 in equipment and material. – AXIS’s ~20,000 mirror segments cost: $120M – Each meta-shell costs $5M to test and quality. – AXIS’s 6 meta-shells cost $30M to test and qualify. – The alignment and integration of the 6 meta-shells costs $20M

• AMA cost: $120M + $30M + $20M = $170M.

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