focus on depression and anxiety Ted Dinan MD,PhD APC Microbiome - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Ted Dinan MD,PhD

APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork

Brain-gut-microbiota axis: focus on depression and anxiety

http://apc.ucc.ie

Acknowledgments

Our studies were funded by Science Foundation Ireland through a Centre grant and by the European Union through FP7 grants. We have also collaborated with the following companies: Mead Johnson, Cremo, Suntory, 4D Pharma, DuPont. I have lectured recently at meetings organised by J+J and Lundbeck.

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Gut microbiota in major depression

Kelly et al J Psychiat Res 2016

Healthy Depressed Microbiota Composition? Healthy rat Rat with depressive-related symptoms (anxiety, anhedonia, inflammation)

Faecal Microbiota Transplantation

Diversity

Transferring the Blues

Kelly, et al. J Psychiat Res 2016

Targeting stress with live bacteria

Prebiotics

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Diet and mood

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Stress AUCg

Placebo Probiotic 10 20 30 40

*

Perceived stress

Cortisol

Most anxiety studies conducted on healthy subjects

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Lost in translation

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N=110 subjects with mild to moderate major depression Primary outcome measure was Beck Depression Inventory Probiotic treated subjects showed reduction in BDI relative to placebo Prebiotic treatment was similar to placebo

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Lactobacillus rhamnosus or placebo was given during pregnancy and postpartum for 6 months N=423 women Primary outcome measure was eczema

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SUBJECTS WHO RECEIVED PROBIOTIC HAD SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY SCORES POSTPARTUMLOWERE Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and State Trait Anxiety Inventory were used.

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B N=44 adults with IBS Double blind placebo controlled study Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale B longum reduced depression but not anxiety scores and changes were associated with altered fMRI patterns

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N=79 subjects with self report of depression, mild to moderate severity Randomised to L helveticus and Bif longum or placebo for 8 weeks No differences in outcome on psychological or inflammatory biomarkers

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N=40 patients with MDD L acidophilus + L casei + Bif bifidum or Placebo for 8 weeks BDI scores significantly decreased in probiotic treated group Decreases in CRP in probiotic group Glutathione levels rose in probiotic treated group

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Meta-analysis of probiotics in depression

Probiotics are effective in reducing depressive symptoms in human studies.

• Depression-reducing effect of probiotics was significant in those

with major depression.

• No significant anti-depressant effect of probiotics was noted in general population.
• The antidepressant effect was not significant in those with non-depression

diagnoses.

• Multiple strains are more effective in reducing depression than single strain.

Goh et al 2019, Psychiatry Res.

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Nikolova et al 2019 Ther Adv Psychopharmacol

Probiotics and depression: Meta-analysis

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Forest plot showing differences between probiotics and placebo

Nikolova et al, 2019 There is little evidence currently that probiotics have antidepressant action though they may work in combination with antidepressants

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Prebiotics did not differ from placebo for depression or anxiety Probiotics yielded significant effects for depression and anxiety

Prebiotic and Probiotic Meta-analysis

Liu et al 2019 Neurosci Biobehav Rev

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Dose response studies with live biotherapeutics Studies examining the interaction of live biotherapeutics in polypsychobiotics Exploration of the impact of live biotherapeutics on the gut microbiota and depression biomarkers e.g. cortisol, cytokines Large placebo-controlled, parallel group studies in well phenotyped patient populations

What is required now?