Autonomous driving : French policy update F-US roundtable Connected and autonomous vehicles : a State of Play Washington, DC, January 10, 2018 Xavier Delache Ministère de la Transition Ecologique et Solidaire www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr
Outline Main steps since january 2017 In the EU context At national level Focus on pre-regulatory work
EU context : recent evolutions (1) • An active EU agenda GEAR 2030 report on automotive industry (october 2017) • High level action plan on connected and automated driving • (september 2017) C-ITS Platform report phase II (september 2017) • Letter of intent for large scale experiments (march 2017) • C-ITS Strategy (november 2016) • 5G Action Plan (september 2016) • 3
An active EU agenda – in focus (1) GEAR2030 report : recommendations for EU policy • Develop large scale testing • Set a focal point for exchange of lessons learned • Include data storage requirements in type approval • Support converging approaches of national traffic rules • Confirm compatibililty of UN-ECE conventions with level 3/4 • Speed up discussions for level 4/5 • Prepare a EU-type approval framework, including alternative • assessment methods Initiate possible modifications of EU legislation (driving licence, • roadworthiness testing) Include societal challenges and social acceptance • Better coordinate funding programs • 4
An active EU agenda – in focus (2) C-ITS Platform report phase II : identified automation use-cases • car- sharing / car-pooling services within a city • taxi services • shared mobility services for fixed routes in designated zones • shared mobility services for rural areas • shared ́ feeder ́ services to local public transport network • public transport systems • freight deliveries • High level CAD action plan : shared thematic priorities • Data exchange : common functional models, focus on road safety • Cross border testing : use-case priorities • Ethics : to be defined • 5
Cross-border cooperation • FR-DE-LUX test bed Context : FR-DE cooperation objectives (2016-2017) • Assessment of challenges and impacts : safety, traffic • management, interactions with infrastructure and other users, driving skills and training needs, mobility behaviors, environment, acceptability Test bed use cases and assessment priorities • Continuous cross-border compatibility of vehicles’ • perception functions Link between automation and connection : first focus on • critical safety-related situations and events on motorways : assess priority connectivity needs and quality requirements Impact of automated driving on traffic fluidity, fuel • consumption, perception and acceptability Data exchange and use (interoperability, legal issues, ...) • 6
French policy update • Designation of a national high representative for autonomous vehicle development : Madame (former Minister) Anne-Marie IDRAC • National strategy for public action • Revised industry road map • Test / experiments priorities • Forthcoming Mobility Law and Strategy to be presented in februrary 2018 7
National autonomous driving strategy (1) • Draft issued september 2017, ongoing consultation • General objectives / underlying approach Learning by doing • Road safety and cybersecurity issues prevail • Special attention to mobility, environment impacts, acceptability • Need of testing for assessment • All use cases covered • Private-public cooperation to elaborate regulatory framework • Need for european cooperation, particularly for interoperability • Accelerate transition toward scale-1-experiments • Integrate automation in mobility solutions • Address unsatisfied mobility demand (cf. rural areas) • 8
National autonomous driving strategy (2) • Public action highlights Driving rules : interpretative approach of UN-ECE conventions • Vehicle regulation : towards an adaptated “horizontal” approach : • • systemic (vehicle, infrastructure, driving conditions, connection) • specific / taylored to use-cases and their operation domain • based on adaptated validation systems Data protection : privacy-by-design • Cybersecurity : integration into technical regulation, threat • assessment Public priorities on research : • • HMI, behaviours, coexistence, perception National orientations + program for testing • National regulatory framework of automated public transports • 9
Revised national industry roadmap • 2017 : fine-tuning of 2014’ public transport use cases • Complement to mass transit : • fine distribution / extended service in a limited area • on demand services for peri-urban areas • last mile feeder for rail stations • Re-inforcement of mass transit • night services • adaptable mass transit capacity • National industry council (november 2017) call for : • revised R&D roadmap on autonomous driving • national experimentation & test program, with shared public-private priorities • prospective assessment of skill and training needs • standardization SWOT analysis 10
Experiments – testing : state of play & policy • ~ 40 open road experiments by end of 2017 • Various driving enviroments (motorway, urban, periurban) • Passengers cars : level 3/4 SAE compatible, driver in the loop • Automated shuttles : level 4/5 SAE compatible, driver in the loop • Authorization framework : ongoing revision • National priorities (under consultation) • General objectives : tests must contribute to : • Accumulate knowledge • Document impacts of given functionnalities on e.g. safety, traffic, mobility, behaviors, acceptability • Feed ongoing work on validation methods • Provide feed-back on information & training needs for drivers 11
Experiments – testing : state of play & policy • National test priorities (under consultation) (cont’d) • Individual cars : • Use cases : cf. industry priorities • Functionnalities and impacts : transitions (automated / manual), minimal risk manoeuvers, HMI • Public transport : • Use cases : cf. industry priorities + focus on rural areas • Functionnalities and impacts : supervision, intersection management, interactions with other road users, incident management • Freight and logistics : • Use cases : cf. industry priorities + focus on last mile delivery, light vehicle automation • Link automation – connection • (cf. detailled indicative use cases bellow) 12
Detailled automation + connectivity testing priorities (1) approaching road works • approaching toll area • emergency braking of the previous vehicle • traffic jam ahead • stationary vehicle on the road (due to accident, breakdown or other) • winter maintenance vehicle • priority vehicle • presence of operator vehicle in intervention (emergency intervention) • traffic officers, emergency services, road workers on incident location • lane opening or closure (fixed or moving road works) • wrong-way driving • obstacles (objects on the road or fallen load from previous vehicle) • unpredictitable behaviour of an other user (chaotic behaviour) • vehicle attempt to force its way into traffic • cut-off of an other vehicle near and in front of an automated vehicle • 13
Detailled automation + connectivity testing priorities (2) longitudinal road markings totally faded in case of pavement • maintenance road markings: partially faded or not visible longitudinal markings on • several tens of metres (or masking by an object on the road) coexistence of temporary and permanent markings • pavement flooding area with possibility of aquaplaning, snowfall or • snow melting local slippery area (icy patches, oil puddles) • driving in dense fog • strong winds • dense rain, snow, hail • 14
Pre-regulatory work Objectives • Prepare discussions on UN-ECE (R 79 ) and EU regulation • Support fruitful dialogue with industry • Identify ± critical use cases for deployment priorities • Provide guidance for testing • Contribute to new validation approaches • Contribute to common scenario databases Risk-analysis approach : • • Consider use-cases’ road-safety critical situations • Cluster and prioritize critical situations) • In order to focus / taylor-craft requirements and validation approaches for systems’ responses • References – similar approaches : UN-ECE vehicle’s regulation (R 79) : ~ system boundaries NHTSA guidance : ~ Object and Event Detection and Response ISO 26262 15
Critical situations and events analysis method (cf. IFSTTAR) 16
Critical situations and events analysis : state of play Individual cars : Motorway use cases : cf. december 2017 report (in french) 2018 and beyond : use cases on “fringes” of motorway (ramps, roundabouts), bi-directional roads, intersections • Public transport : • 2018 – 2019 : development of a risk analysis method applicable for a defined system • NB : defined system = automation functionnalities (including connection and supervision) * pre-defined path (including expected traffic conditions + roadside equipments) • Freight : • Identification of truck platooning driving scenarii for safety analysis of interactions with other traffic 17
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