Application of WEAP for Application of WEAP for Holistic Water - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Application of WEAP for Application of WEAP for Holistic Water Resources Holistic Water Resources Management in MA Management in MA

Brian Joyce& Jack Sieber - Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) Paul Kirshen - Tufts University David Mitchell - M.Cubed

MA Water Resources Conference – April 8, 2008

Project Goals Project Goals

• To demonstrate a holistic approach to water

To demonstrate a holistic approach to water supply, wastewater, and storm water supply, wastewater, and storm water management for Massachusetts municipalities. management for Massachusetts municipalities.

• Assist a community working on water resources

Assist a community working on water resources management planning and decision making. management planning and decision making.

WEAP Credits WEAP Credits

• WEAP was conceived by Paul

WEAP was conceived by Paul Raskin Raskin, President of , President of Tellus Tellus Institute, and developed under his supervision until 2001. Many Institute, and developed under his supervision until 2001. Many have contributed to the development and application of WEAP have contributed to the development and application of WEAP since its inception. We would like to acknowledge, in particular since its inception. We would like to acknowledge, in particular, , Paul Paul Raskin Raskin, Eugene , Eugene Stakhiv Stakhiv, Ken , Ken Strzepek Strzepek, , Zhongping Zhongping Zhu, Bill Zhu, Bill Johnson, Evan Hansen, Charlie Heaps, Dmitry Johnson, Evan Hansen, Charlie Heaps, Dmitry Stavisky Stavisky, Mimi , Mimi Jenkins, Jack Jenkins, Jack Sieber Sieber, Paul Kirshen, Tom , Paul Kirshen, Tom Votta Votta, David , David Purkey Purkey, , Jimmy Henson, Alyssa Holt Jimmy Henson, Alyssa Holt McClusky McClusky, Eric Kemp , Eric Kemp-

• Benedict,

Benedict, Annette Huber Annette Huber-

• Lee, David Yates, Peter

Lee, David Yates, Peter Droogers Droogers, Pete , Pete Loucks Loucks, , Jeff Jeff Rosenblum Rosenblum, Winston Yu, Chris Swartz, Sylvain , Winston Yu, Chris Swartz, Sylvain Hermon Hermon, , Kate Kate Emans Emans, Dong , Dong-

• Ryul

Ryul Lee, David Michaud, Chuck Young, Lee, David Michaud, Chuck Young, Martha Martha Fernandes Fernandes, Brian Joyce, , Brian Joyce, Daene Daene McKinney, Johannes McKinney, Johannes Wolfer Wolfer, Markus Huber, , Markus Huber, Mahmoud Mahmoud Al Al Sibai Sibai and Abdullah and Abdullah Droubi Droubi. .

WEAP WEAP

• Represents major components of a managed water

Represents major components of a managed water resources system resources system

• Basic methodology: physical simulation of water

Basic methodology: physical simulation of water demands and supplies demands and supplies

• Allocates water based upon a system of priorities

Allocates water based upon a system of priorities

• Climate driven hydrology module generates stream flow

Climate driven hydrology module generates stream flow

• Tracks pollution generation, water quality, and

Tracks pollution generation, water quality, and wastewater treatment wastewater treatment

• Financial module calculates costs and revenues

Financial module calculates costs and revenues

• Scenarios analysis used

Scenarios analysis used to assess water requirements, costs and environmental impacts of proposed

• f proposed

management changes management changes

• PC based

PC based

WEAP Capabilities WEAP Capabilities

Can do Can do

• High level planning and

High level planning and strategic analysis at local, strategic analysis at local, national and regional national and regional scales scales

• Demand management

Demand management

• Water allocation

Water allocation Cannot do Cannot do

• Daily operations

Daily operations

• Least

Least-

• cost optimization

cost optimization

• f supply and demand
• f supply and demand

Supplies Supplies

• Rivers

Rivers

• Groundwater

Groundwater

• storage capacity

storage capacity

• maximum monthly withdrawal

maximum monthly withdrawal

• natural recharge

natural recharge

• Diversions (e.g. canals, pipelines)

Diversions (e.g. canals, pipelines)

• Reservoirs

Reservoirs

• Other (e.g. desalination)

Other (e.g. desalination)

Sectoral Water Demands Sectoral Water Demands

Irrigation Livestock Mining Industrial Commercial Ecosystems Domestic Total Water Demand Major Cities

Examples of Analyses Examples of Analyses

• Sectoral demand analyses

Sectoral demand analyses

• Water conservation

Water conservation

• Water rights and allocation priorities

Water rights and allocation priorities

• Groundwater and streamflow simulations

Groundwater and streamflow simulations

• Reservoir operations

Reservoir operations

• Hydropower generation

Hydropower generation

• Pollution tracking

Pollution tracking

• Ecosystem requirements

Ecosystem requirements

• Used Globally

Used Globally

Schematic View Schematic View

Click and drag to create a new demand site

Illustrative Demand Structure Illustrative Demand Structure

Agriculture Industry Municipal Cotton Rice Wheat ... Electric Power Petroleum Paper ... South City West City ... Irrigation ... Cooling Processing Others Single Family Multi-family ... Furrow Sprinkler Drip Standard Efficient ... Kitchen Bathing Washer Toilet ...

SECTOR SUBSECTOR END-USE DEVICE

Data View Data View

Data is displayed numerically and graphically

• Mass balance equations

Mass balance equations are the foundation of are the foundation of WEAP's WEAP's monthly water accounting: total monthly water accounting: total inflows equal total outflows, net of any change inflows equal total outflows, net of any change in storage (in reservoirs and aquifers). Every in storage (in reservoirs and aquifers). Every node and link in WEAP has a mass balance node and link in WEAP has a mass balance equation, and some have additional equations equation, and some have additional equations which constrain their flows. which constrain their flows.

• Inflow A = Outflow A

Inflow A = Outflow A – – Storage Change A Storage Change A

Overviews Overviews

Favorite charts can be selected to give quick

• verviews

“ “Urban Urban” ” WEAP Enhancements WEAP Enhancements

New features allow the user to include the following: New features allow the user to include the following:

• Infiltration and Inflow

Infiltration and Inflow from groundwater to sewage

from groundwater to sewage collection systems. collection systems.

• Infiltration Basins & Retention Ponds

Infiltration Basins & Retention Ponds as management

as management practices. practices.

• Display of User

Display of User-

• Defined Performance Measures as

Defined Performance Measures as Results. Results.

• Tiered Water Pricing

Tiered Water Pricing policies as a means of promoting

policies as a means of promoting demand management. demand management.

• Combined Sewer Overflows

Combined Sewer Overflows ( (CSOs CSOs) ) that pose potential

that pose potential risks to public health and aquatic life, because they discharge risks to public health and aquatic life, because they discharge chemicals and disease chemicals and disease-

• causing pathogens directly into waterways.

causing pathogens directly into waterways.

Study Definition: Study Definition: Hydrography Hydrography

Beaver Brook Massapoag Brook Billings Brook Canoe River Traphole Brook School Meadow Brook Middle Neponset River Steep Hill Brook Little Canoe River Spring Brook Rattlesnake Creek Borderland State Park Spring Valley Upper Massapoag Brook

Sharon, MA Hydrography

N

1 1 2 Miles

Town Boundaries Subbasins Lakes & Ponds Streams

Current Accounts: Current Accounts:

Land Use Land Use

Sharon, MA Land Use

N

1 1 2 Miles

Land use Commercial Cropland Forest Industrial Mining Open Land Participation Recreation Pasture Residential Transportation Urban Open Water Water Based Recreation Wetland Woody Perennial Lakes & Ponds Streams

Land Use Areas for WEAP Sub-Basins (acres)

Current Accounts: Current Accounts: Climate Climate

Average Daily Precipitation and Temperature (1980 – 2003)

Study Definition: Study Definition: Water Supply & Delivery System Water Supply & Delivery System

$ T $ T $ T $ T

Ê Ú Ê Ú Ê Ú Ê Ú Ê Ú Ê Ú Ê Ú Ê Ú Ê Ú Ê Ú Ê Ú Ê Ú Ê Ú Ê Ú Ê Ú Ê Ú Ê Ú Ê Ú Ê Ú

Well #5 Well #3 Well #4 Well #6 Well #7 Well #2

Sharon, MA Water Supply System

N

1 1 2 Miles

Town Boundaries Water Mains $ T Water Tanks Lakes & Ponds Streams

Ê Ú

Wells

Current Accounts: Current Accounts: Annual Demands Annual Demands

Average Water Use Rates Average Water Use Rates

• Residential

Residential = 61 gallons/day/person, with 3.25 people/household = 61 gallons/day/person, with 3.25 people/household

• High Density = 130 gallons/day/housing unit

High Density = 130 gallons/day/housing unit

• Commercial

Commercial = 500 gallons/day/building = 500 gallons/day/building

• System Losses

System Losses = 8 % = 8 %

• Total Annual Demands

Total Annual Demands = 465 Million Gallons = 465 Million Gallons

Current Accounts: Current Accounts: Demand Variation Demand Variation

• 2

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51

Week Weekly Groundwater Pumping (Million Gallons)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 5wk Average

Weekly Groundwater Pumping

0% 3% 6% 9% 12% 15%

Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Percent of Weekly Total

Distribution of Groundwater Pumping

0.00% 0.01% 0.02% 0.03% 0.04% 0.05% 0.06% 1-Jan 1-Feb 1-Mar 1-Apr 1-May 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep 1-Oct 1-Nov 1-Dec

Percent of Total Annual Demand

Daily Variation of Demands

Scenarios Scenarios

• Issues to explore:

Issues to explore:

• Impacts on water supply, runoff and wastewater

Impacts on water supply, runoff and wastewater from proposed high density developments and from proposed high density developments and continued commercial and residential growth. continued commercial and residential growth.

• Possible use of emergency water supply from the

Possible use of emergency water supply from the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority. Massachusetts Water Resources Authority.

• The use of

The use of stormwater stormwater harvesting to facilitate harvesting to facilitate groundwater recharge into the aquifer used for groundwater recharge into the aquifer used for water supply. water supply.

• Replacing the Cedar Swamp drainage ditch

Replacing the Cedar Swamp drainage ditch

Protection of Cedar Swamp Protection of Cedar Swamp

Important for aquifer recharge, and habitant Important for aquifer recharge, and habitant

• Drainage ditch to prevent basin flooding and

Drainage ditch to prevent basin flooding and protect septic systems protect septic systems

• Plan

Plan

• replace ditch by drainage culvert

replace ditch by drainage culvert

• sewer area, provide package WWTP, effluent

sewer area, provide package WWTP, effluent to a farm to a farm

• Redirect

Redirect Return Flows Return Flows to WWTP and to WWTP and Irrigation Irrigation

Summary Summary

• Enhanced WEAP model can be used to

Enhanced WEAP model can be used to evaluate evaluate “ “with with” ” and and “ “without without” ” development development scenarios to determine the physical impacts to scenarios to determine the physical impacts to streamflow streamflow and associated opportunity costs in and associated opportunity costs in terms of forgone amenity recreation and fish terms of forgone amenity recreation and fish and wildlife habitat and wildlife habitat

• WEAP can be used to calculate the costs of

WEAP can be used to calculate the costs of projects that could physically mitigate projects that could physically mitigate streamflow streamflow impacts. impacts.

Availability Availability

• Evaluation version available from

Evaluation version available from http://www.weap21.org http://www.weap21.org

• No

No-

• cost license to many organizations,

cost license to many organizations, eg eg ,all ,all MA municipalities. MA municipalities.

• Training is available from SEI

Training is available from SEI-

• Boston.

Boston.