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COMBINING IMAGING STATISTICS AND SIDE SLITHER IMAGERY TO ESTIMATE RELATIVE DETECTOR GAINS Cody Anderson, Dr. Andreas Brunn, Michael Thiele anderson@rapideye.com, brunn@rapideye.com, Calcon thiele@rapideye.com August 27, 2012 RapidEye AG |

  1. COMBINING IMAGING STATISTICS AND SIDE SLITHER IMAGERY TO ESTIMATE RELATIVE DETECTOR GAINS Cody Anderson, Dr. Andreas Brunn, Michael Thiele anderson@rapideye.com, brunn@rapideye.com, Calcon thiele@rapideye.com August 27, 2012 RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 1

  2. BACKGROUND RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 2

  3. RAPIDEYE RapidEye operates a constellation of 5 optical satellites. • 5 spectral bands Blue (440- 510 nm), Green (520-590), Red (630-685), Red-Edge (690-730), NIR (760-850). • 6.5 m GSD, 77km swath- width. • >5 million sq km/day imaging capacity. • Daily revisit of any target possible! RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 3

  4. RELATIVE GAINS Raw Image Corrected Image Relative Gains = * RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 4

  5. PROBLEM DEFINITION • A group of detectors can lose sensitivity fairly suddenly resulting in visiable banding. • Customer order deadlines don‘t always allow for adequate statisitics to be collected. • A side slither manuver can take away from customer collects and may take multiple days to pass over the site. • A method to quickly and accurately correct new banding is needed. RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 5

  6. SIDE SLITHER MANEUVER • The side slither maneuver (SSM) involves yawing the satellite 90 o. • The focal plane is aligned with the flight direction. • Each detector views the same location on the ground. RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 6

  7. PROCEDURE RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 7

  8. PROCEDURE Collect Image Means RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 8

  9. PROCEDURE Collect Image Means Compare to Previous Side Slither RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 9

  10. PROCEDURE Collect Image Means Compare to Previous Side Slither Locate New Banding RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 10

  11. PROCEDURE Collect Image Means Compare to Previous Side Slither Locate New Banding Shift and Blend RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 11

  12. PROCEDURE Final RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 12

  13. PROCEDURE DETAIL LOCATE NEW BANDING MEDIAN/MEAN FILTER FIT Median/Mean Fit Previous Side Slither Gains Side Slither Gains Fit Stat Mean Gains Stat Mean Gains Fit RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 13

  14. PROCEDURE DETAIL LOCATE NEW BANDING CONTINUUM FIT Median/Mean Continuum Fit Side Slither Gains Fit Side Slither Continuum Fit Stat Mean Gains Fit Stat Mean Continuum Fit RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 14

  15. PROCEDURE DETAIL LOCATE NEW BANDING CONTINUUM REMOVAL Remove Continuum Side Slither Gains Fit Side Slither Gains Fit / Stat Mean Gains Fit Side Slither Continuum Fit Side Slither Continuum Fit Stat Mean Gains Fit / Stat Mean Continuum Fit Stat Mean Continuum Fit RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 15

  16. PROCEDURE DETAIL LOCATE NEW BANDING DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SSM AND STAT SSM-STAT Continuum Removed Side Continuum Removed Side Slither Gains Fit – Slither Gains Fit Continuum Removed Stat Continuum Removed Stat Gains Fit Gains Fit RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 16

  17. PROCEDURE DETAIL LOCATE NEW BANDING BAND LOCATIONS Band Locations are greatear Band Starting and Ending than 1 standard deviation of Points are near (Threshold the Continum t 0.005) a zero difference Removed Side between the SSM and STAT Slither Gains Fit. continum removed fits. STD RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 17

  18. PROCEDURE DETAIL LOCATE NEW BANDING COMBINING BANDING LOCATIONS If an End and Start point are within 1000 detectors of eath other, it is considered one single band. RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 18

  19. PROCEDURE DETAIL SHIFTING AND BLENDING Band • The the statisticaly derived Location realtive gains at the new band location must be shifted and blended into the previous side slither gains. • 500 detectors are used to blend the two sets of gains. • 1000 detectors are used to shift the statistic relative gains. Shifting Blending Detectors Detectors RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 19

  20. PROCEDURE DETAIL SHIFTING AND BLENDING SHIFTING Mean of 1000 SSM Shifting Detectors Side Slither Rel Gain Fit Mean of 1000 STAT Statistic Rel Gain Fit Shifting Detectors Shifted Stat Rel Gain Fit RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 20

  21. PROCEDURE DETAIL SHIFTING AND BLENDING BLENDING • Side Slither A weighted average between the statistic and Gains side slither individual gains Stat Gains is used to blend to two sets Shifted, Blended of gains. Stat Gains • The detector closest to the band location is 499 parts Stat and 1 part Side Slither, the next is 498 parts Stat and 2 parts Side Slither, and so on. Final • Finally, the rest of the Side Combined Slither Gains are used for Gains all other detectors. RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 21

  22. RESULTS RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 22

  23. SAUDI ARABIA (02/20/2012) Previous SSM Statistics Combination of New SSM Acquired on Acquired on Stats and 01/20/12 03/08/12 Previous SSM Stats gathered between 02/16/12 - 03/08/12 RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 23

  24. SAUDI ARABIA (02/20/2012) Absolute Difference Images Detector Means 2 W/(sr*m 2 ) 0 SSM-Stat SSM-Comb RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 24

  25. BRAZIL (02/18/2012) Previous SSM Statistics Combination of New SSM Acquired on Acquired on Stats and 01/20/12 03/08/12 Previous SSM Stats gathered between 02/16/12 - 03/08/12 RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 25

  26. BRAZIL (02/18/2012) Absolute Difference Images Detector Means 2 W/(sr*m 2 ) 0 SSM-Stat SSM-Comb RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 26

  27. CONCLUSIONS • Clearly Side Slither is still the best method. • The amount of visual banding in the Combination method is better than the STAT method. • The main difference between the STAT and Combination methods is what happens to underlying gradient structure in the images. • The STAT method changes the gradient significantly while the Combination method preserves it. RapidEye AG | www.rapideye.com August 27, 2012 Slide 27

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