AIR QUALITY PROGRESS REPORT 2010 Presentation to HIEA Community Advisory Panel Brian McCarry Chair, Clean Air Hamilton September 8, 20 11
Clean Air Hamilton • Initiated as implementation committee to act on recommendations in 1997 HAQI Reports. • Community-based initiatives directed at: � Researching air quality and health issues � Developing policies that affect air quality in Hamilton � Encouraging emission reductions � Educating the public on air quality improvements • S takeholders include: � MOE, Environment Canada, Health Canada, ArcelorMittal Dofasco, US S teel Canada, Green Venture, McMaster University, Citizens of Hamilton, City S taff (Planning, Health & Public Works), Horizon Utilities, Hamilton Industrial Environmental Assn., Environment Hamilton, Rotek Environmental.
Clean Air Hamilton Strategic Plan 2010-2013 • Public Health Protection • Active and Sustainable Transportation • Smart Driver • Air Monitoring • Air Quality Communication • Climate Change • Emissions Reductions • Energy Conservation • Land Use Planning • Tree-planting Programs See details of plans in Appendix A
Clean Air Ham ilton • City provides programming support of $80,000 per year, 0.5 FTE staff position and 0.5 FTE co-op student. • • Leverages expert volunteer support. • Leverages funding from various sources. • Programs include: � Upwind/ Downwind Conferences every two years � Mobile monitoring of urban pollutants � Hamilton Air Monitoring Network � Public health protection programs � S ustainable transportation solutions � Climate change and air quality advice � Energy conservation and urban planning solutions � Emissions reductions and land use planning
Air Quality Activities in 2010 • Promoted linkages between air quality and health to public. • Provided air quality trends in Hamilton in relation to other Ontario cities and cities across Canada and around world. • Participated in neighbourhood mobile air monitoring studies. • Published mobile monitoring data in scientific papers. • Performed monitoring in Red Hill Valley and neighbourhoods. • Helped develop communications for community smog advisories. • Participated in various transportation initiatives: � Car Share, Totally Transit, EcoDriver, Smart Commute, Smart Driver programs (in partnership with Green Venture) • Participated in various air quality and climate change consortia and initiatives across GTA.
2010 Clean Air Hamilton Report • Health impacts of air pollution • AQHI – pilot study in Hamilton • Trends in air quality data in Hamilton, in Ontario and worldwide. • Mobile monitoring study outcomes • Urban Planning – Linkages to Air Quality • 2010 and 2012 Upwind/ Downwind Conferences • Plans for the future and recommendations
Hamilton Air Quality Health Assessment, 2003 5 Key Air Pollutants result in health effects outcomes in Hamilton each year of: • >100 premature deaths • >620 respiratory & cardiovascular hospital admissions • Primary focus of CAH efforts is reductions in human exposures to: � Particulate material (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) � Nitrogen oxides (NO x ) � Ground level ozone (O 3 ) We are in the process of a comprehensive review of health effects of air pollutants; this review will be included in the Hamilton responsible for about 50% 2011 CAH Report. of locally measured air pollutants
Ground Level Ozone Trend No. of Hourly Exceeds >50 ppb 3 stn avg Air Quality Information: 700 600 Decreases of 35-50% in 500 Number hours >50 ppb Levels of Major Air 400 Pollutants (except Ozone) 300 over Past Decade 200 100 0 Year 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 Nitrogen Dioxide Trend Respirable Particulate (PM 2.5 ) Trend 0.035 14 0.03 12 Annual Avaerage (µg/m ³ ) 0.025 Annual Average (ppm) 10 0.02 8 0.015 6 4 0.01 2 0.005 0 0 Year 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 Year 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 Downtown Mountain West Beach Blvd (Industry) Downtown (City)
Nitrogen Dioxide Annual Mean for Selected Cities 70 World-Wide (2007) Air Quality Information: 60 Concentration (ppb) U.S. NAAQS = 53 ppb 50 Comparisons of Hamilton’s 40 Air Quality to some 30 WHO Guidelines = 21 ppb 20 Ontario Cities and 10 Cities around the World 0 Mexico City Hong Kong New York City Denver Athens Prague Geneva Rotterdam CALGARY TORONTO Cleveland WINDSOR Dallas HAMILTON MONTREAL Milwaukee Berlin Detroit VANCOUVER Pittsburgh Singapore WINNIPEG Sydney Miami YELLOWKNIFE All cities showed ‘upturn’ Cities in PM 2.5 in 2010 20-Year Trend for Nitrogen Oxide (Seven Cities) 8-Year Trends for PM 2.5 (Ten Ontario Cities) 80 70 Hamilton 14 60 Burlington 12 N O x (ppb) 50 Toronto 8-Year trend Hamilton 10 Burlington Kitchener 40 Toronto PM 2.5 (µg/m ³ ) Kitchener London 8 London 30 Oakville Oakville 6 St. Catharines 20 St. Catharines Windsor Chatham 4 10 Sarnia 2 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Year 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Year 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Hamilton Air Monitoring Network • HAMN: Network of 17 air monitoring stations funded by 17 companies. • Air quality data available at www.HAMNair.ca going back three years. • HAMN reports to MOE and to Clean Air Hamilton. • Network is a model for Ontario and Canada.
AQI (Air Quality Index) vs. AQHI (Air Quality Health Index) The AQI is an air pollution scale developed by the Ontario MOE while the AQHI is a health-driven metric developed by Health Canada. Air pollution impacts AQI Scale: increase uniformly, not based on in ‘steps’. highest single air AQHI conveys parameter. continuous nature of impacts better than AQI. Correlation: AQI to AQHI AQHI Scale: based on three air parameters.
AQHI – Air Quality Health Index The AQHI will come to Hamilton this month! The AQHI provides a linkage between index value and health effects. People will calibrate themselves to AQHI values as they do with the UV Index. Air Quality Health Health Messages Health Risk Index At Risk Population* General Population Low 1 - 3 Enjoy your usual outdoor activities. Ideal air quality for outdoor activities. Consider reducing or rescheduling No need to modify your usual outdoor activities Moderate 4 - 6 strenuous activities outdoors if you are unless you experience symptoms such as experiencing symptoms. coughing and throat irritation. Reduce or reschedule strenuous Consider reducing or rescheduling strenuous High 7 - 10 activities outdoors. Children and the activities outdoors if you experience symptoms elderly should also take it easy. such as coughing and throat irritation. Avoid strenuous activities outdoors. Reduce or reschedule strenuous activities Very High Above 10 Children and the elderly should also outdoors, especially if you experience symptoms avoid outdoor physical exertion. such as coughing and throat irritation
Poor Air Days and Smog Advisory Days 50 # Poor Air Days (AQI > 45 51)* 40 # Smog Advisory Days 35 30 Number 25 20 15 10 5 0 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Year
Water & Climate Change Sewage (0%) Municipal Emissions (1%) and Greenhouse Waste (1%) Residential Agriculture (0%) (7%) Gases in Commercial (11%) Hamilton Industrial (14%) Steel (58%) 41,995 Agriculture 43,213 105,798 Transportation Waste 86,965 (8%) 964,590 Transportation 992,563 7,757,526 Steel 6,960,083 1,960,442 Industrial (minus Steel) 1,660,499 1,134,666 Commercial 1,298,469 793,635 Residential 886,530 0 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 8,000,000 Tonnes CO2e 2008 Total CO2e 2006 Total CO2e
Trends for Benzene and Benzo[a]pyrene for Past 16 Years MOE Guideline Value = 1.1 ng/m 3 Under consideration: MOE Guideline Value = 0.05 ng/m 3 These chemicals are topics of concern in MOE’s Alternative Standards discussions with ArcelorMittal Dofasco, US Steel Canada and the community.
Modeled NO x Emissions at 8 a.m. on a Weekday from Passenger Vehicles and Heavy Trucks Passenger Vehicles Heavy Commercial Vehicles Work performed by Centre for Spatial Analysis at McMaster for Environment Canada From 2009 Clean Air Hamilton Report
Modeled Weekday NO x Emissions from Passenger Cars and Light Trucks 12 noon 8 a.m. 2 p.m. 5 p.m. From 2009 Clean Air Hamilton Report
Estimated Levels of NO x across the Hamilton Region Superimposed upon Locations of Patients in Loeb Study Darker the shading, the higher the NO x levels. From 2009 Clean Air Hamilton Report
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