Ann Ann Ken ennedy, Gr Greg eg Wayn yne, Patric ick Kaif aifosh, Kar arin ina Al Alviñ iña, La Larry ry F F Abb Abbott & & Na Nathanie iel l B B Sa Sawtell ll (20 (2014) ) A temporal basis for predic icting the sensory consequences of motor commands in in an ele lectric ic fis ish. . Nat. . Neurosci. 19 (3): 416-22. NEUROSCIENCE JOURNAL CLUB FOR UNDERGRADUATES BIONB 4110, Cornell University Presented by May-Kate Skoulos and Carl Hopkins
Ann Kennedy Columbia University 2009 - 2014 (expected) • Ph.D. Neurobiology and Behavior • Representation and learning in cerebellum-like structures • Advisor: Larry Abbott Johns Hopkins University 2005 - 2008 • B.S. Biomedical Engineering, Computational Biology focus • B.A. Biology • Minor in Applied Math Finalist, Intel International Science & Engineering Fair 2005
Greg Wayne • PhD candidate at Columbia • Research Interests:Artificial Intelligence, Neuroscience, Machine Learning, Control Systems Engineering, Computational Neuroscience, Control Theory, Reinforcement Learning, Systems Neuroscience,Theoretical Neuroscience, Computer Science, Cognitive Science, and Artificial Neural Networks Karina Alviña • Undergraduate
Patrick Kaifosh Research interests Neural circuit mechanisms of memory. Education/Training: Ph.D. Candidate Neurobiology and Behavior Program, Columbia University Thesis Advisors: Attila Losonczy, M.D./Ph.D.; L.F. Abbott, Ph.D. Bachelors in 2010 B.Sc., Mathematics & Physics, University of Toronto
Dr. Larry F Abbott • LARRY ABBOTT, PH.D. • William Bloor Professor, Neuroscience, Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Biological Sciences Co-Director, Center for Theoretical Neuroscience Member, The Kavli Institute for Brain Science • AREA OF RESEARCH • Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Cognitive/Systems Neuroscience, Theoretical Neuroscience • SPECIALIZATION • Computational modeling and mathematical analysis of neurons and neural networks. • RESEARCH THEME • COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF NEURONS AND NEURAL NETWORKS.
Dr. Nathaniel B. Sawtell Assistant Professor, Neuroscience Member, The Kavli Institute for Brain Science Background: PhD with Mark Bear at Brown Post doc with Curt Bell (Oregon) on e-fish SPECIALIZATION Functions of cerebellum-like structures and the cerebellum. Mechanisms through which past experience and sensorimotor context affect sensory processing RESEARCH THEME Unraveling the functions of neural circuits is a fundamental challenge for neuroscience. Nate Sawtell, Karina Scalise ,Armen Enikolopov, Shobit Singla
Nature Neuroscience The journal of choice for 3 out of 13 presentations in BIONB 4110 Impact factor = 15.2 in 2012 Nature Neuroscience is editorially independent, and its editors make their own decisions, independent of the other Nature journals. If a paper is rejected from one Nature journal , the authors can use an automated manuscript transfer service to submit the paper to another Nature journal via a link sent to them by the editor handling the manuscript. Authors should note that referees' comments (including any confidential comments to the editor) and Like the other Nature titles, Nature Neuroscience has no external editorial board. Instead, all editorial identities are transferred to the editor of the decisions are made by a team of full-time second journal along with the manuscript. professional editors. For information on their research backgrounds and scientific interests, see About the Editors.
Feedforward control in the CNS is usually associated with motor systems. Can it also have a sensory function? Motor command Motor output Wikipedia feedforward
Feedforward control is usually associated with motor systems. Can it also have a sensory function? 1) Feedforward control in motor systems takes place in the cerebellum. 2) Motor output is often calibrated by having a direct motor control signal accompanied by an indirect feed-forward prediction signal which is adjusted and refined in the cerebellum by supervised learning.
Could a sensory system be made better if the brain were able to make predictions about the sensory consequences of our actions and use them to anticipate and perhaps subtract expected sensations that are simply a consequence of our motor acts? Give an example where a human sensory system could be improved by feed-forward (predictive) control.
Introduction to this system Weakly electric mormyrid fish emit brief EOD pulses for communication and active electrolocation.
communication Electric fish (Gnathonemus petersii) Family Mormyridae Electrolocation (object) Passive electrolocation of prey worm Current from EO E-field electroreceptors from EOD electric organ ELECTRORECEPTION: 1) locates objects (sensed as a change EODs (compressed time scale) EOD pulse in local current density) 2) communicates with other e-fish 3) senses prey (uncontrolled electric fields from invertebrates and other living things) 0.5 ms 1s 1 1.5 ms
Introduction Weakly electric mormyrid fish emit brief EOD pulses for communication and active electrolocation . However, the fish’s own EOD also affects passive electroreceptors tuned to detect external fields.
Mormyrid electric fish produce an ‘electro - motor’ command, and receive a electrosensory response as a consequence. 15
nerve brain Bell, CC (1982) Ampullary receptor at rest (no EOD) Response to worm Response to EOD EOD 16
Introduction Weakly electric mormyrid fish emit brief EOD pulses for communication and active electrolocation . However, the fish’s own EOD also affects passive electroreceptors tuned to detect external fields. Previous studies have shown that such interference, a ringing pattern of activation that may persist for as long as the interval between EODs…….
Post stimulus time histogram responses of ampullary afferent to EODs A ringing pattern of activation that may persist for as long as the interval between EODs ……. Spikes per bin for many EODs (arbitrary units)
Introduction Weakly electric mormyrid fish emit brief EOD pulses for communication and active electrolocation . However, the fish’s own EOD also affects passive electroreceptors tuned to detect external fields. Previous studies have shown that such interference, a ringing pattern of activation that may persist for as long as the interval between EODs, is cancelled out in medium ganglion cells through the generation of motor corollary discharge responses that are temporally specific negative images of the sensory consequences of the EOD.
Medium Ganglion Cell Plasticity EOD command 20
Introduction Weakly electric mormyrid fish emit brief EOD pulses for communication and active electrolocation . However, the fish’s own EOD also affects passive electroreceptors tuned to detect external fields. Previous studies have shown that such interference, a ringing pattern of activation that may persist for as long as the interval between EODs, is cancelled out in medium ganglion cells through the generation of motor corollary discharge responses that are temporally specific negative images of the sensory consequences of the EOD.
3) The paper talks about a corollary discharge of the electric organ discharge signal. What exactly is a corollary discharge? Can you site an example of a corollary discharge in a mammalian or avian nervous system? http://www.urllabs.com/wad/ia/corollar/corollar.htm
The Basic Architecture of Mormyrid ELL 1. Bell, C. C., Han, V. and Sawtell, N. B. (2008). Cerebellum-like structures and their implications for cerebellar function. Annu Rev Neurosci 31, 1-24.
Neuroscientists have been attracted to the puzzle of the Cerebellum ever since Cajal. The orderly structure, the size of the cerebellum and the regularity of the neural elements suggest it might be possible to understand how it functions like a machine. Ramón y Cajal 1894
Brains of vertebrates color coded by brain area. Cerebellum in orange
The main players in cerebellar function are: Granule cells: which receive input from mossy fibers, and send their outputs to Purkinje cells via parallel fibers Purkinje cells: the “Principal Cell” of the Cerebellum Climbing fibers: bring “error signals” from the inferior olive to ONE Purkinje cell.
Basic circuitry of cerebellum Masao Ito 2008 (Nature Reviews- Neuroscience)
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2) The electric fish electro sensory lateral line lobe (ELL) is a cerebellum-like structure. Which of the structures mentioned in Fig. 1b or in the associated text are found in both the ELL and cerebellum, and what are the names typically used in cerebellum? ELL CEREBELLUM Medium ganglion cells Granule cells Golgi cells Unipolar brush cells Sensory afferents Mossy fibers Parallel fibers Molecular layer
Recording from electrosensory lobe in medulla (equivalent of cochlear nuclei for auditory system) silenced EOD (curarized)
Medium ganglion cells in ELL
4) What is a the benefit of being able to form a negative image of an expected sensory response locked to a motor act?
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