A SOLAR SCENARIO IN BRAZIL: FROM STAND ALONE PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS IN THE AMAZON REGION TO THERMAL COLLECTORS OF REUSED BOTTLES EVERYWHERE Postgraduate symposium on household energy consumption, technology and efficiency, 6th of June 2012 Daphiny Pottmaier, Mechanical Engineering Department / UFSC, Brazil. Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
Outline ✴ Energy Matrix in Brazil ✴ Brazilian Solar Map ✴ Photovoltaic Panels ✴ Thermal Collectors Energy from the sun can be harnessed with photovoltaic panels (PV) and thermal collectors (TC). Whereas solar PV cells often silicon-based semiconductors and thin films, convert sunlight directly into electricity, solar thermal collectors convert it into heat. Solar energy presents itself as a growing alternative. While representing a small percentage (less than 0.1 %) of the global energy production, is the source of renewable energy the fastest growing in percentage. In Brazil, lack of public policies to encourage the production of electricity with photovoltaic panels connected to the network and the price of energy production are determining factors for the few experiments made with PV systems connected to the network (8 independent plants producing about 1.5 MW). Only in 2011 it was inaugurated in the first plant to generate electricity produced by PVs and connected to the grid, with a capacity of 1 MW. The largest use is in stand-alone systems, PV installations are growing in rural and isolated areas, especially in the Amazon region, where large distances make it impossible to build transmission grids and islands, signal buoys and telephone transmission towers. Brazil has large inhabitable areas with high solar irradiation, which enables production of clean electricity by building solar power plants with photovoltaic systems or concentrated solar power towers. Whereas production of solar electrical power has still a very small significance in Brazil, thermal energy by solar TCs has expanded and heavily contributed for the reduction of energy consumption for water heating. Today there are installed about 6 million m 2 of TCs for water heating, generating 4,000 MW of thermal energy, twice the power capacity of Brazilian nuclear plants. A rapid growth of TCs are expected and pushed by a set of factors: policy incentive using state and local laws; Governmental programs as “My House, My Life” with subsidized installation of TCs; and the facility of manufacturing solar heat systems with recycled PVC collectors or reused PET bottles. Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
Energy Matrix: Brazil Wind 1% ∆ Nuclear Coal Imported 2% 2% 7% Oil 6% Biomass 7% Gas Hydro 11% 66% ∆ - Hydro ∆ - Thermo ∆ ∆ - Nuclear - Biomass - Wind - Solar Energy Matrix -> Solar Map -> PV -> TC Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
Power Unit Type Units (kW) % Hydroelectric Energy Unit (UHE) 182 78,530,049 66.59 Thermal Electric Unit (UTE) 1,550 31,656,798 26.84 Small Hydroelectric Central (PCH) 429 3,991,785 3.38 Thermal Nuclear Unit (UTN) 2 2,007,000 1.7 Eolian Generation Unit (EOL) 75 1,519,042 1.29 Hydroelectric Generation Central (CGH) 380 224,886 0.19 Photovoltaic Unit (UFV) 8 1,494 0 IN OPERATION - Total: 2,626 units Power: 117,931,054 kW (100 %) ower: 117,931,054 kW (100 %) ower: 117,931,054 kW (100 %) Hydroelectric Energy Unit (UHE) 11 18,252,400 67.08 Thermal Electric Unit (UTE) 44 4,970,197 20.27 Eolian Generation Unit (EOL) 57 1,467,090 5.39 Thermal Nuclear Unit (UTN) 1 1,350,000 4.96 Small Hydroelectric Central (PCH) 56 623,277 2.29 Hydroelectric Generation Central (CGH) 1 848 0 UNDER CONSTRUCTION - Total: 170 units Power: 27,208,304 kW (100 %) ower: 27,208,304 kW (100 %) ower: 27,208,304 kW (100 %) Thermal Electric Unit (UTE) 150 11,768,573 54.79 Eolian Generation Unit (EOL) 197 5,698,190 27.23 Hydroelectric Energy Unit (UHE) 11 2,179,042 10.41 Small Hydroelectric Central (PCH) 134 1,815,400 8.68 Hydroelectric Generation Central (CGH) 61 40,698 0.19 Wave Generation Central (CGU) 1 50 0 ISSUED - Total: 551 units Power: 20,922,731 kW (100 %) ower: 20,922,731 kW (100 %) ower: 20,922,731 kW (100 %) Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
Photovoltaic Generation vs. Hydroeletric •ITAIPU usine: 1350 km 2 (Itaipu Lake) = 14 GW = 80 a 90 TWh / year < 25% of energy consumption in Brazil • Covering Itaipu lake with photovoltaics (for about 8% global efficiency and average solar radiation of the region) 1350 km 2 = 108 GWp = 183 TWh / year > 50% of energy consumption in Brazil Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
Solar Energy: Brazil Holder Name Power (KW) City, State 100 % MPX Ltda. Taua 1,000 Taua, CE 100 % Desportos do Estado Salvador, BA Pituaçu Solar 404.80 100 % Embaixada Italiana Brasilia, DF Embaixada Italiana 50.0 100 % FAPEU Araras 20.48 Nova Marmore, RO 100 % IEE Sao Paulo, SP IEE 12.26 100 % IEE Sao Paulo, SP UFV/IEE 3.0 100 % EBIA Sao Paulo, SP Aeroporto Campo de Marte 2.12 100 % Dupont do Brasil S/A Barueri, SP PV Beta Test Site 1.7 Total: 8 units Total: 8 units Power: 1,494.36 kW Largely used in remote zones far away from � � the grid, working independently and or combined with a conventional generation system. Electricity: light, TV, radio, telephone, water pumping Exterior illumination Signalization Ships and boats Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
First Solar energy usine in Latin America, MPX Tauá inaugurated in August 2011. 4,680 PV panels Generation capacity 1 MW Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
PV Daily generation of PV, in kWh/kWp, Amazon region Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
PV Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
PV Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
PV Project of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) for the International Airport Hercilio Luz, in Florianópolis, with installation of photovoltaic panels. Accordingly only 10 p / passenger during 1 year to cover the costs. New complex will cost $ 100 million against $ 10 million for the Solar Alternative. Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
PV World Cup 2014 Pituaçu, Mineirão e Maracanã Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
Low Cost Thermal Collectors Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
TC PET bottles Milk boxes + black ink PVC tubes Jose Alcino Alano - Manual for the Construction and Installation of Thermal Collectors from Recyclables Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
TC Essa diferença de altura é necessária para garantir a circulação da água no coletor, pela 1st Step - How to cut the PET bottles Cortem as garrafas com o tamanho suficiente para ajustarem-se entre si, o que Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
TC 2nd Step - How to cut and fold the Milk boxes 3rd Step - Painting process - acrylic ink Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
TC 4th Step - PVC tubes junctions 5th Step - Mounting parts O segundo passo é inserir, também com adesivo, os 05 tubos(colunas) ao que será o Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
TC 6th Step - Installation 7th Step - Utilization Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
TC Creche Chico Mendes – Florianópolis - SC Creche Joana de Angelis – Tubarão - SC Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
Research Centres working with Solar Energy in Brazil: Solar Energy Laboratory - Federal University of Santa Catarina (Labsolar/UFSC) – http://www.labsolar.ufsc.br Photovoltaic Systems Laboratory - Sao Paulo University (USP) – http://www.energia.usp.br/lsf/ Solar Energy Laboratory - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – http://www.solar.ufrgs.br/ Reference Center in Wind and Solar Energy Sérgio de Salvo Brito (Cresesb) – http://www.cresesb.cepel.br Studies Group for the Development of Renewable Energy - Federal University of Para (GEDAE/UFPA) – http:// www.ufpa.br/gedae Brazilian Electricity Company - Eletrobras/Cepel – http://www.cepel.br/ THANK YOU! Muito Obrigada! Daphiny Pottmaier, UFSC, Brazil. Wednesday, June 6, 2012
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