3. Rome: Republic to Empire 3.1. Foundational Elements of Roman - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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3. Rome: Republic to Empire 3.1. Foundational Elements of Roman - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 31, 2023 189 likes •744 views

3. Rome: Republic to Empire 3.1. Foundational Elements of Roman Society: Power of Tradition 3.2. Roman Organizational Genius 3.3. Government and Law in the Republic 3.4. The Punic Wars: 264146 B.C.E. 3.5. Socio-Economic Trends of

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  • 3. Rome: Republic to Empire
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3.1. Foundational Elements of Roman Society: Power of Tradition 3.2. Roman Organizational Genius 3.3. Government and Law in the Republic

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3.4. The Punic Wars: 264–146 B.C.E. 3.5. Socio-Economic Trends of Imperialism 3.6. Decline of the Republic

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3.7. The Principate of Augustus Caesar 3.8. Imperial Prosperity: Too Many Frontiers 3.9. Diocletian and Constantine

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3.10. The Invasions and Challenge of Christianity 3.11. Church Fathers: Jerome and Augustine

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3.1. Foundational Elements of Roman Society: Power of Tradition

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  • Heroic Myths:

Romulus, Horatius, Lucretia, Cincinnatus

  • The “father of the

family”

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  • Patricians (old elite)
  • Plebeians (non-elite)
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3.2. Roman Organizational Genius

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  • Monarchy to

Republic: Good Government

  • Organization:

Alphabet Soup of Offices/Titles

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  • Consuls with IMPERIUM

(command)

  • The Roman Senate
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3.3. Government and Law in the Republic

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  • The Struggle of the

Orders 494 BCE, Army Mutiny

  • The 12 Tables of Law,

Separate and Unequal

  • By 287 BCE All Equal

Under Law

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  • Father’s Power
  • Female Guardianship
  • Property Rights, Debt
  • Intermarriage
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3.4. The Punic Wars: 264–146 B.C.E.

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  • The First Punic War,

264-241 BCE

  • Control of Sicily,

Naval vs. Army Tactics

  • Roman Navy

Developed

  • Sicily Taken, $$$
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  • The Second Punic War,

218-201 BCE

  • Control of Spain,

Sardinia & Corsica

  • Carthaginian Army

Developed, Hannibal

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  • Roman Expansionism
  • Carthage Razed, 146

BCE, 3rd Punic War

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3.5. Socio-Economic Trends of Imperialism

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  • Expansion: Slaves,

Plunder, Jobs, Prestige, Land

  • Collapse of Small

Farming Class

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3.6. Decline of the Republic

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Land Reform: Tiberius Gracchus

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Army Reform: Marius Landless, Professional, Soldiers Loyal to Leader as the Path to Power

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Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE)

  • Victor in Spain 60 BCE
  • Held Army Command

in Gaul

  • Marched on Rome in

49 BCE, Triumphant in Rome, 45 BCE

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  • Julius Caesar Master
  • f Rome, Dictator for

Life

  • Senatorial Power

Weak, Real Power is the Army

  • Senatorial Enemies

Organized Conspiracy to Assassinate Caesar

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3.7. The Principate of Augustus Caesar

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  • Octavian Pursued

Enemies of Julius Caesar

  • Proscription Policy
  • Defeat & Death of

Antony/Cleopatra, 30 BCE

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  • Octavian Controls Rome,

Accumulates Titles: CAESAR, PRINCEPS, AUGUSTUS

  • Total Domination of

Rome: Army, Law, Taxes, Economics, Religion

  • Ruled until 14 CE,

“King?”

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3.8. Imperial Prosperity: Too Many Frontiers

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  • “A RED GIANT?” Is

expansion always a sign of strength?

  • Challenges:

Language, Law, Transport, Religion

  • Origins of the West

and East Division

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3.9. Diocletian and Constantine

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  • Emperor Diocletian

(r. 284-305) “The Rule

  • f Four”
  • Economic Edicts:

Prices, Labor, Taxes

  • Christianity

Assaulted

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Emperor Constantine

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  • Battle of Milvian Bridge

312, Edict of Milan 313

  • Christianity Accepted

as a Legal Religion

  • Council of Nicaea 325:

What is Christianity?

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3.10. The Invasions and Challenge of Christianity

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  • The Roman Empire

as a highway….

  • Push/Pull out of Asia
  • New Culture: Roman

Fused with Migrants

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3.11. Church Fathers: Jerome and Augustine

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  • St. Augustine of Hippo
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  • St. Jerome
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  • Jerome (d. 420): The

Vulgate Bible, Standard Latin Text

  • Augustine of Hippo (d.

430): Confessions & City of God, Celibacy

  • Monasticism
  • Petrine Supremacy