1999: limited mostly to hotels ___________________________________ - PDF document

___________________________________ ___________________________________ Bed Bugs: ___________________________________ What You Should Know? ___________________________________ Department of Entomology ___________________________________ Rutgers University Richard Cooper and Changlu Wang ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Bed bugs were virtually eradicated from the U.S. in the post WWII era ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 1999: limited mostly to hotels ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Bed Bug Central ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________

___________________________________ Quickly spread into residential sector Apartments ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Single Family Homes Colleges & ___________________________________ Universities ___________________________________ Bed Bug Central ___________________________________ ___________________________________ New York City ___________________________________ # Bed bug calls 14000 12768 12000 10985 ___________________________________ 9213 10000 8000 6889 ___________________________________ 6000 4638 4000 ___________________________________ 1839 2000 537 0 ___________________________________ 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data source: NYC Dept. of Housing Preservation and Development ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Now bed bugs are found everywhere • Hotels & motels • Churches ___________________________________ • Apartments • Airplanes & cruise ships • Private homes • Public transportation ___________________________________ • College dorm rooms • Laundries & dry • Schools and day care cleaners ___________________________________ • Used furniture outlets • Movie theaters • Furniture rental stores • Fire stations ___________________________________ • Moving/delivery vans • Youth hostels • Health care facilities • Jails ___________________________________ • Nursing homes ___________________________________

___________________________________ What caused resurgence of bed bugs? ___________________________________ • Loss of effective pesticides (i.e. DDT) ___________________________________ • Resistance to insecticides • Changes in pest control practices (targeted ___________________________________ versus broad spectrum treatments) • Frequent travel to and from areas where bed ___________________________________ bugs are prevalent ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Factors that ___________________________________ promote spread 1. Lack of education and public awareness ___________________________________ (introduction, reintroduction) 2. Not detected quickly enough ___________________________________ 3. Infestations controlled but not eliminated 4. Reactionary approach rather than pro-active ___________________________________ community wide approach. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ HUD Notice: PIH-2012-17 ___________________________________ • Best practices for ___________________________________ prevention and control of bed bugs ___________________________________ • Rights and responsibilities of housing management ___________________________________ and residents ___________________________________ ___________________________________

___________________________________ A few basic facts ___________________________________ • Feed exclusively on blood • Do not feed every day, seek a blood ___________________________________ meal once every week or so ___________________________________ • Can survive many months without feeding ___________________________________ • Lay 1-3 eggs each day (hatch in 7-10 days) • Nocturnal & very secretive ___________________________________ Richard Naylor ___________________________________ ___________________________________ What they look like ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Lihua Lϋ ___________________________________ John Obermyer ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Lihua Lϋ Stoy Hedges ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Feeding • Usually feed at night while you are sleeping ___________________________________ • Hungry bed bugs will feed any time • A blood meal takes 3-10 minutes ___________________________________ – May change feeding sites on same person during one meal • Digested blood is excreted as black or brown fecal spots ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Stephen Doggett Changlu Wang ___________________________________

___________________________________ Medical importance • Do not transmit human diseases ___________________________________ • Reaction to bites vary – Delayed or no symptoms ___________________________________ – Itching – Swelling ___________________________________ – Pustules Changlu Wang – Scarring • Emotional impact ___________________________________ – Loss of sleep – Nightmares ___________________________________ – Stress/anxiety Changlu Wang ___________________________________ ___________________________________ How bed bugs disperse • Transported from infested areas on personal ___________________________________ belongings • Crawl from feeding sites to other areas in ___________________________________ apartment • Crawl to neighboring units through walls, ___________________________________ utility pipes and hallways. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Changlu Wang Changlu Wang Changlu Wang ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Reported infestations may be coming from a neighboring unit ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Severe ___________________________________ Reported unreported infestation infestation ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________

___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Bed Bug Central ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Bed Bug Central ___________________________________ Bed Bug Central ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Bed Bug Central ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Bed Bug Central ___________________________________

___________________________________ How does this happen? ___________________________________ Occupants unwilling or not capable of reporting the problem: ___________________________________ 1. Trying to avoid attention ___________________________________ - unauthorized occupants - illegal activities taking place in unit ___________________________________ 2. Mentally handicapped 3. Ashamed or embarrassed ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ How to find bed bugs? ___________________________________ • Interview • Visual inspection ___________________________________ • Monitors • Scent dogs ___________________________________ Changlu Wang ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Richard Cooper ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Interviews ___________________________________ • Advantages – Provides information on the infestation and ___________________________________ treatment history – An opportunity for educating residents ___________________________________ • Disadvantages – Unreliable ___________________________________ – Some residents do not report infestations or do not recognize the presence of bed bugs ___________________________________ ___________________________________