13.12.2011 Mobility in the European Higher Education Area Trends - - PDF document

13.12.2011 1

Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Achievements, Challenges, Future Actions: Agenda 2020 Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Mobility in the European Higher Education Area Trends and Challenges

Laura E. Rumbley Deputy Director

Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Agenda

• A word about ACA
• Mobility in Europe

1. Scope – a quantitative perspective 2. Policy – what we say we want 3. Practice – much accomplished, much to do

• Challenges and considerations for the future

Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

A word about ACA

• Membership organisation
• ‘Think tank’

21 full members 3 associate members

• Secretariat

Publications (reports and studies) Tailored consultancy (AIM: ACA Internationalisation Monitor) Monthly newsletter (ACA Newsletter – Education Europe) European Policy Seminar series (4/year) Annual conference (Helsinki, June 2012) national-level agencies supporting internationalisation

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Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Mobility in Europe – scope (1)

ACA study (2011): Mapping Mobility in European Higher Education http://ec.europa.eu/education/erasmus/doc922_en.htm

• 1. Map mobility into and out of “Europe 32” countries using existing data/information
• focus mostly (but not exclusively) on students
• “Europe 32” = EU 27 + EFTA 4 + Turkey
• data source = UOE (UNESCO, OECD, and EUROSTAT)
• 1998/99 – 2006/07
• 2. Analyse mobility trends (in Europe 32 generally + more in-depth in

11 selected countries) AND assess data quality itself

• 3. Make recommendations for the future

3 Goals

Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Mobility in Europe – scope (2)

ACA study (2011): Mapping Mobility in European Higher Education

• Type: degree versus credit (non-degree, temporary, exchange)

General considerations: student “mobilities”

• Direction: inbound versus outbound
• “Nature”: vertical versus horizontal
• Level: ISCED 5A, 5B (Bachelor, Master), ISCED 6
• Measurement method: yearly basis (census-type statistics) versus “event”
• f mobility in the course of study (surveys)
• Mechanism: structured programmes versus “free movers” (self-organised

and self-funded)

Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Mobility in Europe – scope (3)

ACA study (2011): Mapping Mobility in European Higher Education

• 50.9% of world’s mobile students in 2006/07 were in Europe 32 countries
• From 1998/99 to 2006/07, Europe 32 group slightly increased the percentage of the world’s

mobile students it hosts

• From 1998/99 to 2006/07, Europe 32 group grew its international student population by well
• ver 50% (may be closer to 80%); non-Europe 32 students fuelled much of this growth
• Foreign nationals as a proportion of total enrolment in Europe 32 countries grew from 4.5%

to 6.9%

• Almost 2/3 of all international students in the Europe 32 countries were enrolled in

just 3 countries: UK, Germany and France

Selected findings: incoming international students

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Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Mobility in Europe – scope (4)

ACA study (2011): Mapping Mobility in European Higher Education

• Study abroad among Europe 32 students has grown by 37.1% (robust but less dynamic

than the growth seen in incoming students from outside the Europe 32)

• Europe 32 students tend to stay within Europe for international study experience

(85.5%)

• On average, for every 1,000 nationals enrolled in a Europe 32 country, 33 nationals of

this country are enrolled abroad. BUT, again, there are MAJOR difference between countries.

Selected findings: outgoing study abroad students

Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Mobility in Moldova – scope

UNESCO Institute of Statistics (2011)

Outbound (2009) Inbound (2009) Total 12,277 80% go to just 5 countries:

• Russian Federation (3,564)
• Romania (3,389)
• Ukraine (1,297)
• Italy (951)
• France (884)

6% study outside of Europe Total 1,461 80% come from just 5 countries:

• Israel (300)
• Russian Federation (295)
• Ukraine (279)
• Turkey (149)
• Romania (141)

35% come from outside Europe

Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Mobility in Europe – scope (5)

ACA study (2011): Mapping Mobility in European Higher Education Recommendations: data availability and quality

• 1. “…a complete transition to the collection of data on mobility, in addition to data on

nationality”

• 2. A separation by UOE of data by cycle (bachelor’s / master’s)
• 3. A commitment to defining genuine mobility as a function of “education/residence prior to the

current stage of education”

• 4. An introduction of separate and consistent reporting of credit and diploma mobility
• 5. An introduction of a mechanism to track the event of mobility in the course of study

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Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Mobility in Europe – policy (1)

EU EHEA Council conclusion (November 2011): Benchmark for learning mobility: By 2020, an EU average of 20% of higher education graduates should have had a period of higher education-related study or training (including work placements) abroad; minimum 15 ECTS or 3 months. Mobility Strategy 2020 draft (August 2011) Mobility target from 2009 (Leuven/Louvain-la Neuve) affirmed: By 2020 at least 20% of graduates in the EHEA have undertaken a study or training period abroad, with the achievement of at least 1 ECTS credit

• Language competences to enhance

mobility

• Eastern dimension of youth participation

and mobility

• Final document to be ready for Ministerial

adoption in Bucharest, April 2012

MOBILITY = GOOD… MORE MOBILITY = GREAT

Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Mobility in Europe – policy (2)

ACA study (2012): European and National Policies and Practices on Mobility (ENPMOB) Selected findings

• 1. Few countries have a fully-fledged mobility policy or strategy in place
• 2. Generally, less ‘enthusiasm’ in the national mobility discourse than is seen at

the European level, but sometimes more ambitious targets

• 3. Top priorities = outgoing credit mobility + incoming degree mobility
• 4. Quantitative targets often need further specification

Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Mobility in Europe – policy (3)

ACA study (2012): European and National Policies and Practices on Mobility (ENPMOB) Selected findings (continued…)

• 5. At times, gaps between discourse, objectives and actual measures
• 6. “Unintended consequences” of mobility?
• 7. Unclear link between “good policies” and more mobility
• 8. Convergence

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Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Mobility in Europe – practice (1)

ACA study (2011): Mapping Mobility in European Higher Education

Obstacles Incentives 1. Lack of information 2. Low/no personal interest or motivation 3. Inadequate financial support 4. Foreign language deficiencies 5. Sense of insufficient time/space in the course of study 6. Quality concerns 7. Legal barriers 8. Problems gaining recognition

Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Mobility in Europe – practice (1)

ACA study (2011): Mapping Mobility in European Higher Education

Obstacles Incentives 1. Lack of information 2. Low/no personal interest or motivation 3. Inadequate financial support 4. Foreign language deficiencies 5. Sense of insufficient time/space in the course of study 6. Quality concerns 7. Legal barriers 8. Problems gaining recognition 1. Personal 2. Curricular 3. Financial

Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Mobility in Europe – practice/policy (2)

ACA study (2011): Mapping Mobility in European Higher Education Incentives – hints from the literature

• 1. Financial incentives
• Portability of loans and grants
• Funding instruments specifically to support mobility
• An EHEA-wide mobility fund, or at least better synchronisation of existing

instruments

• “Providing financial support, making the support intelligible and adequate and

getting the word out to students about the ‘feasibility’ of the bottom line”

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Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Mobility in Europe – practice/policy (3)

ACA study (2011): Mapping Mobility in European Higher Education Incentives – hints from the literature

• 1. Financial incentives
• 2. Curricular incentives
• Full compliance with key technical instruments: recognition, Diploma

Supplement, ECTS

• Programmatic innovations: mobility windows, joint or double degrees, re-

energising of ERASMUS (return to its academic cooperation roots)

• Targeted information delivery to students about academic relevance in specific

(under-represented) fields

• Foreign language support

Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Mobility in Europe – practice/policy (4)

ACA study (2011): Mapping Mobility in European Higher Education Incentives – hints from the literature

• 1. Financial incentives
• 2. Curricular incentives
• 3. Personal incentives
• Tailored messages clearly articulating the benefits of mobility
• Impact of “multipliers”
• Promising (and delivering) high quality experiences
• Encouraging longer-term thinking about the benefits of mobility

Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Mobility in Europe – practice/policy (5)

Several projects to watch

• 3. Mapping University Mobility of Staff and Students (MAUNIMO) - EUA

http://www.maunimo.eu/

• 2. Mapping “Mobility Windows” in European Higher Education. Examples from selected

countries (MOWIN) – ACA, CIMO, HIS http://www.aca-secretariat.be

• 4. Indicators for Mapping and Profiling Internationalisation (IMPI) – CHE, ACA,

CampusFrance, NUFFIC, Perspektywy, SIU http://impi-project.eu/

• 1. European and National Policies and Practices on Mobility (ENPMOB) – ACA, NUFFIC, DAAD

http://impi-project.eu/

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Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Mobility in the EHEA – challenges and considerations for the future

• data
• quality and “qualities”
• quantity and “balance”
• utcomes
• Moldova: demographics?
• Moldova: language?
• Moldova: flexibility?
• Moldova: vision and rationale?
• information provision
• peer/mutual learning
• “virtual” mobility

Laura E. Rumbley Implementation of the EHEA in the Republic of Moldova Chisinau ~ 2 December 2011

Thank You! ~ Mulțumesc!

laura.rumbley@aca-secretariat.be http://www.aca-secretariat.be