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Corr rresp espond ondenc ence a e analys alysis is as a tool t ol to perf rform orm the e e embedd mbedded ed actor tor. A . An exampl ample e fro from mobil biliti ities es studi udies es PD DR. KATHARINA MANDERSCHEID

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SLIDE 1

Corr rresp espond

  • ndenc

ence a e analys alysis is as a tool t

  • l to

perf rform

  • rm the e

e embedd mbedded ed actor

  • tor. A

. An exampl ample e fro from mobil biliti ities es studi udies es

PD DR. KATHARINA MANDERSCHEID UNIVERSITÄT LUZERN

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24.03.2015

  • Theoretical Background:
  • Mobilities Paradigm
  • Relational understanding of practices
  • Methodological Foundation
  • Empirical Analysis
  • Data description
  • Regression analysis
  • Multiple correspondence analysis
  • Conclusion

Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 2

Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empirical Analysis Conclusion

Overview

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„[A]ll social relationships should be seen as involving diverse 'connections' that are more or less 'at distance', more or less fast, more or less intense and more or less involving physical movement. Social relations are never only fixed or located in place but are to very varying degrees constituted through 'circulating entities'.“ (Urry 2007: 46)

  • Social formations emerge through and are

stabilised by mobilities

  • Focus on interrelations of different forms
  • f spatial and virtual mobilities, movement

Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 3

Theore Theoreti tica cal Backgr Backgrou

  • und

nd Methodologic al Foundation Empirical Analysis Conclusion

Mobilities Paradigm

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  • Mobilities as a social practice, embedded

in a multiplicity of social, material and spatial contexts

  • Ability to move requires specific resources

(competences, money, information … cf. Kaufmann et al. 2004)

  • Mobility actors negotiate their movements

within their socia cial n l networ etwork

  • Negotiations take place within spatia

atial a l and d geog

  • grap

raphic hical s al situa tuatio tions ns (public transportation and traffic infrastructures, geographies of employment and housing

  • pportunities, child care facilities etc.)
  • Mobility practices shaped by social

structures

Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 4

Spatial mobility as a relational practice

Theore Theoreti tica cal Backgr Backgrou

  • und

nd Methodologic al Foundation Empirical Analysis Conclusion

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  • Antipositivist understanding of science:
  • Methods and methodologies extend and project

theoretical axiomes into the empirical world (Kuhn 1962; Diaz-Bone 2010)  Methods as carriers of theoretical assumptions  Perf rform

  • rmati

ative ve view o ew on metho thods ds as element of French Epistemology (Bachelard, Barthes, Canguilhem, Foucault)

  • STS quote: Social research practices “enact

realities and they can help to bring into being what they also discover” (Law/Urry 2004: 393)

Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 5

Methodological foundation

Theoretical Background Method Methodol

  • log
  • gic

ic al al Founda Foundati tion

  • n

Empirical Analysis Conclusion

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Empirical analyses of mobility practices should account for

  • 1. observable patterns of the practices of

interest, e.g. a set of interrelated geographical movements like residential mobility and commuting;

  • 2. the relational embedding of movement into

social networks, e.g. households. This entails also to focus on relational effects

  • f mobility, e.g. that movement of one member
  • f the household necessitates immobility of

another;

  • 3. the structuring of movement patterns by

geographical spatial situation, e.g. transportation and traffic infrastructures, employment geographies, etc.

Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 6

Intermediate conclusion

Theoretical Background Method Methodol

  • log
  • gic

ic al al Founda Foundati tion

  • n

Empirical Analysis Conclusion

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  • Data: Swiss Household Panel 2012 (+ some information

from 2004)

  • Research interest: job related mobilities: daily commuting

time and (cross-cantonal) residential mobility

  • (heterosexual) couples aged 30-65 years as cases;

n=1995

  • Variables of social context:
  • Age: male mean age: 50.1 years, female mean age: 47.7 years
  • Children in the household (2/3 with children)
  • Education
  • Household income
  • Distribution of work between spouses
  • Variables of spatial context:
  • Urban/rural settlement
  • Car available
  • House ownership

Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 7

Data and operationalisation

Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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24.03.2015

  • 1. R

Residenti idential al mobility ility and and leng length of

  • f

residence idence

  • 6% (n=115) moved between 2004 and 2012 from
  • ne canton into anther.
  • Length of residence at the current place:

Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor

≤ 5 yea years 6-12 2 yea years 13 13-18 18 yea years ≥ 19 yea years 33% (323) 28% (281) 13% (125) 26% (262)

Des escr cript ptives es

8

Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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24.03.2015

  • 2. Commuting Mobility

Average daily commuting time in minutes

Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor

Women Men 2012 44 51 2004 40 48 2012 with children 41 52 2012 without children 51 49

9

Descriptives

Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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Commuting Time Woman (R²0.124, p<0.01) Commuting Time Man (R²=0.064; p<0.01) Estimate

  • Std. Error

t Estimate Std. Error t Intercept 29.43* 12.89 2.28 28.78* 13.40 2.15

  • wn education

9.95*** 1.98 5.03 8.34*** 2.29 3.64

  • wn age
  • 0.63*

0.28

  • 2.22
  • 0.12

0.28 -0.42 children (no children) 5.69* 2.79 2.04

  • 8.05**

2.89 -2.78 Partner's comtime

  • 0.01

0.03

  • 0.42
  • 0.01

0.03 -0.42 Partner's edu 0.65 2.22 0.29 5.15* 2.08 2.48 Partner's age 0.05 0.27 0.18

  • 0.10

0.30 -0.34 household Income 8.66*** 1.54 5.62 4.11* 1.62 2.54 car available

  • 13.81**

5.27

  • 2.62

1.26 5.50 0.23 house (tenant) 4.73 2.72 1.74

  • 3.20

2.83 -1.13 urban 2.03 1.50 1.36

  • 0.04

1.56 -0.02 move (no move)

  • 6.28

4.84

  • 1.30
  • 12.52*

5.02 -2.50

Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor 10

OLS Regression Analysis

Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor

Space of mobility practices

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Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor

Space of mobility practices

High residential and commuting mobility

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Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor

Space of mobility practices

High residential and commuting mobility

Not employed

Employed in temporal proximity

13

Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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SLIDE 14

24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor

Space of mobility practices

High residential and commuting mobility

Nicht erwerbstätig

Employed in temporal proximity

14

Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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SLIDE 15

24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor

Space of mobility practices

High residential and commuting mobility

Not employed

Employed in temporal proximity

15

Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor

Space of mobility practices

High residential and commuting mobility

Not employed

Employed in temporal proximity

16

Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor

Socio-economic context

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Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor

Socio-economic context

age Income/education

18

Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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SLIDE 19

24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor

Socio-economic context

age Income/education

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Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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SLIDE 20

24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor

Socio-economic context

age Income/education

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Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor

Spatial context

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Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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Spatial context

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Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor

Spatial context

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Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor

Spatial context

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Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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Continuity of Movement: Commuting 2004

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Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empiri Empirica cal Analys Analysis is Conclusion

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24.03.2015 Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor

Conclusion

26

Theoretical Background Methodologic al Foundation Empirical Analysis Conclu Conclusi sion

  • n

Regression model reduces social and spatial context to properties of the individual  movement understood as outcome of rational choice made by individual subjects against the background of individual preferences and available resources MCA first constructs the geometric pattern of practices and then searches for interpretation of the dimensions  international comparison highlights structuring impact of social and spatial settings

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Bourdieu, P., 2000: Distinction. A social critique of the judgment of taste, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Diaz-Bone, R., 2010: Die Performativität der Sozialforschung - Sozialforschung als Sozio-Epistemologie. Workingpaper des Soziologischen Seminars Universität Luzern (No. 4). Kaufmann, V., M.M. Bergman and D. Joye, 2004: Motility. Mobility as

  • Capital. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 28: 745–

756. Kuhn, T.S., 1962: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Law, J. and J. Urry, 2004: Enacting the social. Economy and Society 33: 390–410. Urry, J., 2007: Mobilities, Cambridge: Polity. Katharina Manderscheid: MCA as a tool to perform the embedded mobile actor

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References