EU STUDENT MOBILITY TO CHINA Lin Goethals Lin Goethals Lin Goethals Lin Goethals Research Assistant – Research Assistant Research Assistant Research Assistant – ESSCA School of Management – – ESSCA School of Management ESSCA School of Management ESSCA School of Management ANR Project “Immigrants in China ANR Project “Immigrants in China ANR Project “Immigrants in China ANR Project “Immigrants in China LEAD Final Conference LEAD Final Conference LEAD Final Conference LEAD Final Conference Mobility Deficit (IN/OUT) Brussels, 10 September 2018 Brussels, 10 September 2018 Brussels, 10 September 2018 Brussels, 10 September 2018 Intra-EU Mobility CHINA AS A TALENT MAGNET THE STUDENT MOBILITY –MIGRATION NEXUS IN EU-CHINA RELATIONS Source: (CAFSA 2008, CAFSA 2009, CAFSA 2011, CAFSA 2012, MoE 2002, MoE 2006, MoE 2009, MoE 2010, MoE 2010b, MoE 2011, MoE 2012, MoE 2014, moE 2015, MoE 2015a, MoE 2015b, moE 2016, MoE2017) ANR Project Immigrants in China CONTENT THE MOBILITY CONTEXT - China has set its goal to receive 500,000 International CLASSIFICATION OF MOBILE EU STUDENTS IN CHINA students by 2020 (vs ET2020) Typology of Students • 16,2% European Students in China • Language and Cultural Students dominate WHY? WHO? • But diversification diversification of student population, study fields, more diversification diversification Push and Pull factors Who are the Mobile exchange and degree mobility Motivations EU students in China? • English programmes • First/Second tier cities vs others • Major differences between HEIs and programmes • Trend towards shorter shorter mobility – Are we scratching the surface? shorter shorter HOW? WHAT AFTER? Experiences of student mobility - Erasmus+ and intra-European mobility as the New mobility as the New mobility as the New mobility as the New Prospects for cont. engagement Migration? Normal Normal New and more exotic destinations Normal Normal Return on investment? - Rise of China and required Knowledge of China - Economic drivers, youth employment and employability - EU shared competence – MS driven MS driven MS driven MS driven ANR Project Immigrants in China FIELD FIELD OF STUDY FIELD FIELD OF STUDY OF STUDY OF STUDY DURATION DURATION DURATION DURATION SCHOLARSHIP SCHOLARSHIP SCHOLARSHIP SCHOLARSHIP FUTURE FUTURE FUTURE FUTURE ENGAGEMENT ENGAGEMENT ENGAGEMENT ENGAGEMENT Sinophiles Chinese Language, > 6 months Extra incentive Specific interest in Intrinsic CLASSIFICATION OF STUDENTS Culture and Regional Long(er) stay Active search the region Sinophiles Motivation Studies LANG-EXCH of Students Visionaries Visionaries Business 3-6 months Extra Incentive Based on experience Opportunity-seekers Opportunity seekers Technology EXCH(-DEG) No necessity and opportunities Specific Fields NO LANG Explore the market Diaspora Shorter stay Talents Diaspora Chinese Language Medium Duration Extra incentive Less migration Miscellaneous LANG-EXCH-DEG No Necessity More cooperation Incidentals and engagement Wanderers Talents Government Duration of the Necessity Global war on talent Prospects and likeliness prioritised fields programme Brain Circulation for future engagement once incentives dry INDICATORS out HEI, Field and level Personal Characteristics Interest for the Mobility Features of Study Nationality language, culture and region Motivations Experience/Partner Job market and opportunities Scholarships Wanderers Miscellaneous 3-6 Months Necessity Based on experience EXCH Prospects for return and cooperation 1
Luxembourg 120.06 Ireland 80.64 Denmark 63.83 EU STUDENT MOBILITY TO CHINA GDP PER CAPITA Spain 58.35 Netherlans 55.19 Austria 53.76 Finland 52.42 Germany 50.84 Belgium 49.27 Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong 48.83 48.83 48.83 48.83 France 44.93 United Kingdom 44.18 Italy 35.91 Malta 31.85 ATTRACT TRAIN ENGAGE Cyprus 28.68 Slovenia 27.54 PROMOTE MAINTAIN RETAIN Taiwan Taiwan Taiwan Taiwan 25.98 25.98 25.98 25.98 Portugal 24.24 Czech Republic 23.75 Estonia 23.61 Greece 21.14 BEFORE DURING AFTER Slovakia 20.51 Lithuania 19.53 Latvia 18.47 Hungary 16.72 Poland 16.18 Croatia 14.79 Romania 12.58 China China China China 10.09 10.09 10.09 10.09 ANR Project Immigrants in China 8 Bulgaria 9.23 WHO? WHY? 1. Specific Knowledge of China Knowledge of China and expertise Knowledge of China Knowledge of China development Interest in China and the region 5 groups of EU MS Hypermobility 2. Skills development and Employability Career Career Career Career - Western Europe Circular migration and brain circulation - UK development development development development - Nordic Countries - International Experience - Southern Europe - Central and Eastern Europe TOP SENDING COUNTRIES 3. China as an emerging market 3. 3. 3. China as an emerging market China as an emerging market China as an emerging market Opportunities France Germany 4. Availability of scholarship scholarship scholarship scholarships and funding UK 5. China as an out out out- out - -of - of of- of -the - - the- the the -ordinary - - ordinary destination The ordinary ordinary Attractiveness of China as a attractive unknown mobility destination Image of China in the EU 6. Family ties and linkages to China Variety of options and opportunities 7. Previous experiences in China 8. 8. Attractiveness of the 8. 8. Attractiveness of the programmes programmes Double degree Double degree Attractiveness of the Attractiveness of the programmes programmes Double degree Double degree 9. Internship Immigrant China, Fudan 2017 ANR Project Immigrants in China Why Choose China as a Mobility Destination? HOW? - STUDENT EXPERIENCES Students’ perspectives “ I was studying Chinese but it was my first time to come to China” Language as biggest challenge Hierarchy and bureaucracy “It is interesting to discover more about China, it is the future and a Language Proficiency is key Responsibility ping pong huge market” Advanced levels and diversification Double degree Integration “My main motivation was the double degree” Experience and Cultural Difficult to make local friends Understanding Diverging rules and provisions for “I had lived in China before and wanted to come back” Skills development local and foreign students – tensions Immersion - Duration “I wanted to live in China, and study Chinese. It is a good programme, Life in China otherwise I would not have done it and would have worked in China Academic Environment and quality Great experience - social life Expectations vs reality instead” Living costs/scholarships Teaching style, requirements, low Tier 1 and Tier 2 versus other cities workload “China is different, a different experience” (Academic) Freedom Courses on offer in English limited Pollution Content of the courses “ what was “The question is not why I wanted to come to China, but more why covered was not useful” not? I did not know much about China before coming here” ANR Project Immigrants in China 2
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