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1 Enhancing Community Centred Governance in Climate Change affected coastal areas Clim a te Cha ng e a s if p eop le m a ttered ! Authors: Mr. R. Suresh director@pacindia.org Ms. Prarthana Rao prarthana@pacindia.org Mr. Pavan Srinath

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Enhancing Community Centred Governance in Climate Change affected coastal areas

Authors:

  • Mr. R. Suresh director@pacindia.org
  • Ms. Prarthana Rao prarthana@pacindia.org
  • Mr. Pavan Srinath pavan.srinath@pacindia.org
  • Mr. J. Jangal j.jangal@pacindia.org

Clim a te Cha ng e a s if p eop le m a ttered !

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INTRODUCTION

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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012

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FOCUS

  • To develop an instrument which facilitates citizen

participation to protect their livelihoods from climate change and other threats.

  • Develop mechanisms whereby communities can

meaningfully engage with governance structures and sustainably participate in local environmental & livelihood management

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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012

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CCSC

Environment & Climate Change

Governance Livelihood

ENHANCING CITIZEN VOICES IN ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE

PILOT EXERCISE IN GULF OF MANNAR, INDIA

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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012

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Climate change score card is a knowledge product that connects people’s experience with scientific evidence to promote meaningful engagement with governance processes and their managers

Climate Change – As if People Mattered!

Climate Change Livelihoods Governance Participatory Rural Appraisal

  • Livelihood Matrix
  • Climate change Matrix
  • Governance Matrix

Review of Policies and regulations

Climate Change Score Card (CCSC)

Policy Discussions at the District Level Policy Discussions at the State/ National Level Policy Reform ISSUES METHODOLOGY OUTPUT OUTCOME

COMMUNITY LEVEL POLICY LEVEL

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PROJECT AREA AT A GLANCE

2 Districts – Ramanathapuram & Tuticorin 117 Villages – 15 villages chosen by Stratified Random Sampling technique Main livelihoods – Fishing, Palmyrah Tapping

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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012

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CLIMATE CHANGE SCORE CARD

  • Climate Change Score Card is an adaptation of the popular tool

“Community Score Card”

  • To create platforms for dialogue between communities and

governments

  • Inputs: Scoping exercises, Participatory Rural

Appraisal (PRA) exercises, climate data analyses, study of local livelihood governance

  • Scoring: by communities based on indicators
  • Interface Meeting: bringing together all

stakeholders at the district level

  • Policy Discourse : at provincial and state levels

Know ledge Creation | Empow erment | Constructive Engagement PEER LEARNING 7

UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012

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SAMPLE COVERAGE

  • Two Districts – Ramanathapuram and Thoothukudi
  • 15 out of 117 villages selected based on stratified

random sampling

  • 750 members from the communities across the

villages participated in the PRA activities

  • 55 villagers attended the district level meetings
  • 15 Government officials from 5 line departments

attended the unconferences

  • 425 participants in the scorecard exercise; 25

villagers representing different sections of the society per village

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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012

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In parallel… ..

  • Regulations analysis

▫ A research study by Centre for Development Finance, Chennai, on key regulations and policies that have implications on coastal ecosystems and human systems and consequently on livelihoods of coastal communities in the Gulf of Mannar region

  • Climate data analysis

▫ looked at the patterns of rainfall and temperature for the region.

  • Mapping of activities on the coast that have an environmental

implication using GPS

  • Sensitisation of public service providers (Government agencies,

Banks, Research institutes etc) and other stakeholders through workshops

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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012

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CLIMATE CHANGE IN GULF OF MANNAR

  • Rapidly rising temperatures
  • High uncertainty in seasons, in predictability of

weather.

  • Only rare livelihoods like palmyrah are resilient.

An interesting finding is that the num ber of rainy days during the palm yrah season (Mar-Sep) is reducing steadily in the region. The num ber is going dow n by roughly 0.9 rainy days per decade (99% confidence level).

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Social Map; Resource Map; Livelihood matrix; Seasonality diagram; Climate Change Matrix; Venn diagram; Problem Tree

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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012

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OUTPUTS OF PRAs

196 0 -70 19 70 -8 0 19 8 0 -1990 20 0 4-20 0 9 20 19 Fish catch 500 kgs 500 kgs 300 kgs fish 50kgs of prawns

  • 100 kgs
  • 30kgs

prawns

  • 20kgs of fish
  • No prawns
  • No. of fishers

550 550 400 350 Children will look for alternatives Beach land 50mts 35 mts 15mts 5 mts

  • 15mts

Problems in Fishing Only natural disturbances Middlemen, Conflict between trawlers and artisnal fishers Forest department, conflicts, Cross Border Problem Forest dept., Cross Border Problem, Coast guards problems, Sedu canal project, CMZ etc The fishers will be displaced.

Findings from PRA conducted by PAD in Kadaladi Block, Ramanathapuram

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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012

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REGULATIONS AND POLICY…

  • A range of socio-ecological issues are

complexly intertwined in the Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve.

  • Efforts to secure the biodiversity of the area

are mounting

  • Fishermen view the sea and its resources

as a means and right to life and livelihood

  • The state views the resource and the

biodiversity as an entity for protection.

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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012

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FISHERIES SCORE CARD

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  • Sl. No

Indicator Aspects Aggregated Score 1 Design and Implementation of Schemes 1.1 Welfare Schemes Awareness 6 Process 4 Benefits 4 1.2 Relief Schemes Awareness 5 Process 3 Benefits 3 1.3 Training and Capacity Development Awareness 1 Process 1 Benefits 2 1.4 Technical and Technological Support Awareness 7 Process 3 Benefits 4 2 Responsiveness of the agency 2 3 Grievance Redressal 2 4 Promotion of Alternate livelihoods 5 Uncertainty & Bad year Preparedness 2

Total Score (out of 100) 49

UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012

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PALMYRAH SCORE CARD

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  • Sl. No

Indicator Aspects Aggregated Score 1 Design and Implementation of Schemes 1.1 Welfare Schemes Awareness 2 Process 2 Benefits 3 1.2 Relief Schemes Awareness 2 Process Benefits 3 1.3 Training and Capacity Development Awareness 1 Process 1 Benefits 1.4 Technical and Technological Support Awareness 5 Process 1 Benefits 3 2 Responsiveness of the agency 1 3 Grievance Redressal 4 Promotion of Alternate livelihoods 1 5 Uncertainty & Bad year Preparedness 1

Total Score (out of 100) 27

UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012

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SCORING BY COMMUNITIES… ..

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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012

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PREPARING BOTH SIDES TO DIALOGUE…

..

  • Sensitisation workshops at District level
  • Informal meetings to update the status of

project work

  • Media outreach
  • PRA exercises
  • Monthly meetings of PAD team with the

community members, federation reps. etc

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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012

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Thasildar & Assistant Director, Fisheries

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Forest Departm ent Representative Fish worker Union Representative

UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012

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IT IS NOT THE NUMBERS… … BUT THE PROCESS

  • Creates spaces for dialogue
  • Knowledge generated empowers people to

demand for better governance

  • Helps understand both sides of the coin…
  • Brings various stakeholders together for a

common cause

  • Sharing of responsibilities and knowledge

for larger good

  • Demystifies science and relates it to

common wisdom

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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012

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WAY FORWARD

  • Continue such interactions at regular

intervals

  • Create a collective of these representatives

to take the issues at appropriate levels of governance for policy dialogue

  • Renew scientific knowledge base regularly
  • Replicate the exercise in other villages to

build such knowledge and dialogue platforms

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UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012

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THANK YOU

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www.pacindia.org director@pacindia.org

UNU-WIDER Conference on Climate Change and Development Policy Helsinki, Finland, 28-29 September 2012