SLIDE 1 1
Zero-Energy Design
1.3 Energy & Power
Andy van den Dobbelsteen
What did you learn from the Energy Slaves film?
1.3 Energy & Power Andy van den Dobbelsteen 2 What did you - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
1.3 Energy & Power Andy van den Dobbelsteen 2 What did you - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
1 Zero-Energy Design 1.3 Energy & Power Andy van den Dobbelsteen 2 What did you learn from the Energy Slaves film? 2 What did you learn from the Energy Slaves film? A household uses an immense amount of energy 2 What did you learn
SLIDE 2 2
SLIDE 3 2
What did you learn from the Energy Slaves film?
▪ A household uses an immense amount of energy
SLIDE 4 2
What did you learn from the Energy Slaves film?
▪ A household uses an immense amount of energy ▪ Some activities cost much more energy than others
SLIDE 5 2
What did you learn from the Energy Slaves film?
▪ A household uses an immense amount of energy ▪ Some activities cost much more energy than others ▪ A lot of energy use is often hidden, unknown
SLIDE 6 3
Back to school
SLIDE 7 4
Energy
SLIDE 8 4
Energy
J joule
SLIDE 9 4
Energy
J joule kJ kilojoule 103 J
SLIDE 10 4
Energy
J joule kJ kilojoule 103 J MJ megajoule 106 J
SLIDE 11 4
Energy
J joule kJ kilojoule 103 J MJ megajoule 106 J GJ gigajoule 109 J
SLIDE 12 4
Energy
J joule kJ kilojoule 103 J MJ megajoule 106 J GJ gigajoule 109 J TJ terajoule 1012 J
SLIDE 13 4
Energy
J joule kJ kilojoule 103 J MJ megajoule 106 J GJ gigajoule 109 J TJ terajoule 1012 J PJ petajoule 1015 J
SLIDE 14 4
Energy
J joule kJ kilojoule 103 J MJ megajoule 106 J GJ gigajoule 109 J TJ terajoule 1012 J PJ petajoule 1015 J EJ exajoule 1018 J
SLIDE 15 4
Energy
J joule kJ kilojoule 103 J MJ megajoule 106 J GJ gigajoule 109 J TJ terajoule 1012 J PJ petajoule 1015 J EJ exajoule 1018 J Other energy units cal calorie 4.18 J kcal kilocalorie 4.18 kJ
SLIDE 16 4
Energy
J joule kJ kilojoule 103 J MJ megajoule 106 J GJ gigajoule 109 J TJ terajoule 1012 J PJ petajoule 1015 J EJ exajoule 1018 J Other energy units cal calorie 4.18 J kcal kilocalorie 4.18 kJ Wh watt-hour 3.6 kJ kWh kilowatt-hour 3.6 MJ GWh gigawatt-hour 3.6 GJ
SLIDE 17 4
Energy
J joule kJ kilojoule 103 J MJ megajoule 106 J GJ gigajoule 109 J TJ terajoule 1012 J PJ petajoule 1015 J EJ exajoule 1018 J Other energy units cal calorie 4.18 J kcal kilocalorie 4.18 kJ Wh watt-hour 3.6 kJ kWh kilowatt-hour 3.6 MJ GWh gigawatt-hour 3.6 GJ
Power
SLIDE 18 4
Energy
J joule kJ kilojoule 103 J MJ megajoule 106 J GJ gigajoule 109 J TJ terajoule 1012 J PJ petajoule 1015 J EJ exajoule 1018 J Other energy units cal calorie 4.18 J kcal kilocalorie 4.18 kJ Wh watt-hour 3.6 kJ kWh kilowatt-hour 3.6 MJ GWh gigawatt-hour 3.6 GJ
Power
W watt 1 J/s
SLIDE 19 4
Energy
J joule kJ kilojoule 103 J MJ megajoule 106 J GJ gigajoule 109 J TJ terajoule 1012 J PJ petajoule 1015 J EJ exajoule 1018 J Other energy units cal calorie 4.18 J kcal kilocalorie 4.18 kJ Wh watt-hour 3.6 kJ kWh kilowatt-hour 3.6 MJ GWh gigawatt-hour 3.6 GJ
Power
W watt 1 J/s kW kilowatt 103 W or J/s MW megawatt 106 W or J/s GW gigawatt 109 W or J/s TW terawatt 1012 W or J/s PW petawatt 1015 W or J/s
SLIDE 20 4
Energy
J joule kJ kilojoule 103 J MJ megajoule 106 J GJ gigajoule 109 J TJ terajoule 1012 J PJ petajoule 1015 J EJ exajoule 1018 J Other energy units cal calorie 4.18 J kcal kilocalorie 4.18 kJ Wh watt-hour 3.6 kJ kWh kilowatt-hour 3.6 MJ GWh gigawatt-hour 3.6 GJ
Power
W watt 1 J/s kW kilowatt 103 W or J/s MW megawatt 106 W or J/s GW gigawatt 109 W or J/s TW terawatt 1012 W or J/s PW petawatt 1015 W or J/s Other unit of power hp horse power 746 W
SLIDE 21 4
Energy
J joule kJ kilojoule 103 J MJ megajoule 106 J GJ gigajoule 109 J TJ terajoule 1012 J PJ petajoule 1015 J EJ exajoule 1018 J Other energy units cal calorie 4.18 J kcal kilocalorie 4.18 kJ Wh watt-hour 3.6 kJ kWh kilowatt-hour 3.6 MJ GWh gigawatt-hour 3.6 GJ
Power
W watt 1 J/s kW kilowatt 103 W or J/s MW megawatt 106 W or J/s GW gigawatt 109 W or J/s TW terawatt 1012 W or J/s PW petawatt 1015 W or J/s Other unit of power hp horse power 746 W
1 kWh = 3.6 MJ and 1 MJ = 0.278 kWh
SLIDE 22 5
Human
Sleeping 75 W Sitting 115 W Walking 230 W Race walking 345 W Cycling 475 W Swimming 550 W Running 670 W Judo 1150 W
Daily examples of power
SLIDE 23 5
Human
Sleeping 75 W Sitting 115 W Walking 230 W Race walking 345 W Cycling 475 W Swimming 550 W Running 670 W Judo 1150 W
Daily examples of power
SLIDE 24 5
Human
Sleeping 75 W Sitting 115 W Walking 230 W Race walking 345 W Cycling 475 W Swimming 550 W Running 670 W Judo 1150 W
Daily examples of power
SLIDE 25 5
Human
Sleeping 75 W Sitting 115 W Walking 230 W Race walking 345 W Cycling 475 W Swimming 550 W Running 670 W Judo 1150 W
Equipment
Lamp 1-100 W Computer 200-300 W Television 100-120 W Vacuum cleaner 1200-1800 W Small car 75000 W Big car 80000 W Sports car 375000 W
Daily examples of power
SLIDE 26 5
Human
Sleeping 75 W Sitting 115 W Walking 230 W Race walking 345 W Cycling 475 W Swimming 550 W Running 670 W Judo 1150 W
Equipment
Lamp 1-100 W Computer 200-300 W Television 100-120 W Vacuum cleaner 1200-1800 W Small car 75000 W Big car 80000 W Sports car 375000 W
Daily examples of power
SLIDE 27 5
Human
Sleeping 75 W Sitting 115 W Walking 230 W Race walking 345 W Cycling 475 W Swimming 550 W Running 670 W Judo 1150 W
Equipment
Lamp 1-100 W Computer 200-300 W Television 100-120 W Vacuum cleaner 1200-1800 W Small car 75000 W Big car 80000 W Sports car 375000 W
Daily examples of power
100 horses!
SLIDE 28 6
Energetic value of fossil fuels
Natural gas 1 m3 35.2 MJ
9.8 kWh
Petrol 1 l 32.4 MJ
9.0 kWh
Diesel 1 l 35.8 MJ
10.0 kWh
Kerosine 1 l 37.4 MJ
10.4 kWh
Oil and fat 1 kg (vegetable/animal) 37.0 MJ
10.3 kWh
SLIDE 29 6
Energetic value of fossil fuels
Natural gas 1 m3 35.2 MJ
9.8 kWh
Petrol 1 l 32.4 MJ
9.0 kWh
Diesel 1 l 35.8 MJ
10.0 kWh
Kerosine 1 l 37.4 MJ
10.4 kWh
Oil and fat 1 kg (vegetable/animal) 37.0 MJ
10.3 kWh
~ 36 MJ ~ 10 kWh
SLIDE 30 6
Energetic value of fossil fuels
Natural gas 1 m3 35.2 MJ
9.8 kWh
Petrol 1 l 32.4 MJ
9.0 kWh
Diesel 1 l 35.8 MJ
10.0 kWh
Kerosine 1 l 37.4 MJ
10.4 kWh
Oil and fat 1 kg (vegetable/animal) 37.0 MJ
10.3 kWh
LPG 1 m3 26.0 MJ
7.2 kWh
Coal 1 kg 24.0 MJ
6.7 kWh
Wood 1 kg 20.0 MJ
5.6 kWh
~ 36 MJ ~ 10 kWh
SLIDE 31 7
The ‘under-estimated’ flame [Prof. Jo Hermans]
SLIDE 32 7
The ‘under-estimated’ flame [Prof. Jo Hermans]
▪ Power of 1 flame = 100 W (approximately 1 human sitting still)
SLIDE 33 7
The ‘under-estimated’ flame [Prof. Jo Hermans]
▪ Power of 1 flame = 100 W (approximately 1 human sitting still) 1 flame, 1 hour long: 100 W x 1 h = 100 Wh = 0.1 kWh = 0.36 MJ
SLIDE 34 7
The ‘under-estimated’ flame [Prof. Jo Hermans]
▪ Power of 1 flame = 100 W (approximately 1 human sitting still) 1 flame, 1 hour long: 100 W x 1 h = 100 Wh = 0.1 kWh = 0.36 MJ ▪ Power of old boiler/geyser
SLIDE 35 7
The ‘under-estimated’ flame [Prof. Jo Hermans]
▪ Power of 1 flame = 100 W (approximately 1 human sitting still) 1 flame, 1 hour long: 100 W x 1 h = 100 Wh = 0.1 kWh = 0.36 MJ ▪ Power of old boiler/geyser 10 rows of 10 flames = 10 x 10 x 100 W = 10000 kW = 10 kW
SLIDE 36 8
Practical example: showering
Conversion figures 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ 1 MJ = 0.278 kWh Power of boiler: 10 kW Energy values 1 litre of fuel: 36 MJ or 10 kWh 1 m3 of gas: 36 MJ or 10 kWh
SLIDE 37 8
Practical example: showering
Conversion figures 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ 1 MJ = 0.278 kWh Power of boiler: 10 kW
How much energy does showering cost?
Energy values 1 litre of fuel: 36 MJ or 10 kWh 1 m3 of gas: 36 MJ or 10 kWh
SLIDE 38 8
Practical example: showering
Conversion figures 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ 1 MJ = 0.278 kWh Power of boiler: 10 kW
How much energy does showering cost? ▪ 1 hour: 10 kW * 1 h = 10 kWh ≡ 1 l diesel (“milk can”)
Energy values 1 litre of fuel: 36 MJ or 10 kWh 1 m3 of gas: 36 MJ or 10 kWh
SLIDE 39 8
Practical example: showering
Conversion figures 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ 1 MJ = 0.278 kWh Power of boiler: 10 kW
How much energy does showering cost? ▪ 1 hour: 10 kW * 1 h = 10 kWh ≡ 1 l diesel (“milk can”) ▪ 20 minutes: 10 kW * 0.33 h = 3.3 kWh ≡ 0.33 l diesel (“abbey
beer bottle”)
Energy values 1 litre of fuel: 36 MJ or 10 kWh 1 m3 of gas: 36 MJ or 10 kWh
SLIDE 40 8
Practical example: showering
Conversion figures 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ 1 MJ = 0.278 kWh Power of boiler: 10 kW
How much energy does showering cost? ▪ 1 hour: 10 kW * 1 h = 10 kWh ≡ 1 l diesel (“milk can”) ▪ 20 minutes: 10 kW * 0.33 h = 3.3 kWh ≡ 0.33 l diesel (“abbey
beer bottle”)
▪ 5 minutes: 10 kW * 0.08 h = 0.8 kWh ≡ 0.08 l diesel (“double
whisky”)
Energy values 1 litre of fuel: 36 MJ or 10 kWh 1 m3 of gas: 36 MJ or 10 kWh
SLIDE 41 9
What does a Dutch household use in a year’s time?
SLIDE 42 9
What does a Dutch household use in a year’s time?
For their house
SLIDE 43 9
What does a Dutch household use in a year’s time?
For their house ▪ Heat: 1400 m3 of gas = 13.7 MWhtherm
SLIDE 44 9
What does a Dutch household use in a year’s time?
For their house ▪ Heat: 1400 m3 of gas = 13.7 MWhtherm ▪ Electricity: 3500 kWh = 3.5 MWhelectr
SLIDE 45 10
Electricity and primary energy
SLIDE 46 11
What does a Dutch household use in a year’s time?
For their house ▪ Heat: 1400 m3 of gas = 13.7 MWhtherm ▪ Electricity: 3500 kWh = 3.5 MWhelectr This is actually 7.8 MWhprim
SLIDE 47 11
What does a Dutch household use in a year’s time?
For their house ▪ Heat: 1400 m3 of gas = 13.7 MWhtherm ▪ Electricity: 3500 kWh = 3.5 MWhelectr This is actually 7.8 MWhprim Total energy demand: 21.5 MWh (± 9.8 MWh per person1)
1: An average Dutch household contains 2.2 persons
SLIDE 48 12