1.3 Energy & Power Andy van den Dobbelsteen 2 What did you - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 Zero-Energy Design 1.3 Energy & Power Andy van den Dobbelsteen

2 What did you learn from the Energy Slaves film?

2 What did you learn from the Energy Slaves film? ▪ A household uses an immense amount of energy

2 What did you learn from the Energy Slaves film? ▪ A household uses an immense amount of energy ▪ Some activities cost much more energy than others

2 What did you learn from the Energy Slaves film? ▪ A household uses an immense amount of energy ▪ Some activities cost much more energy than others ▪ A lot of energy use is often hidden, unknown

3 Back to school

4 Energy

4 Energy J joule

4 Energy J joule kJ kilojoule 10 3 J

4 Energy J joule kJ kilojoule 10 3 J MJ megajoule 10 6 J

4 Energy J joule kJ kilojoule 10 3 J MJ megajoule 10 6 J GJ gigajoule 10 9 J

4 Energy J joule kJ kilojoule 10 3 J MJ megajoule 10 6 J GJ gigajoule 10 9 J TJ terajoule 10 12 J

4 Energy J joule kJ kilojoule 10 3 J MJ megajoule 10 6 J GJ gigajoule 10 9 J TJ terajoule 10 12 J PJ petajoule 10 15 J

4 Energy J joule kJ kilojoule 10 3 J MJ megajoule 10 6 J GJ gigajoule 10 9 J TJ terajoule 10 12 J PJ petajoule 10 15 J EJ exajoule 10 18 J

4 Energy J joule kJ kilojoule 10 3 J MJ megajoule 10 6 J GJ gigajoule 10 9 J TJ terajoule 10 12 J PJ petajoule 10 15 J EJ exajoule 10 18 J Other energy units cal calorie 4.18 J kcal kilocalorie 4.18 kJ

4 Energy J joule kJ kilojoule 10 3 J MJ megajoule 10 6 J GJ gigajoule 10 9 J TJ terajoule 10 12 J PJ petajoule 10 15 J EJ exajoule 10 18 J Other energy units cal calorie 4.18 J kcal kilocalorie 4.18 kJ Wh watt-hour 3.6 kJ kWh kilowatt-hour 3.6 MJ GWh gigawatt-hour 3.6 GJ

4 Energy Power J joule kJ kilojoule 10 3 J MJ megajoule 10 6 J GJ gigajoule 10 9 J TJ terajoule 10 12 J PJ petajoule 10 15 J EJ exajoule 10 18 J Other energy units cal calorie 4.18 J kcal kilocalorie 4.18 kJ Wh watt-hour 3.6 kJ kWh kilowatt-hour 3.6 MJ GWh gigawatt-hour 3.6 GJ

4 Energy Power J joule W watt 1 J/s kJ kilojoule 10 3 J MJ megajoule 10 6 J GJ gigajoule 10 9 J TJ terajoule 10 12 J PJ petajoule 10 15 J EJ exajoule 10 18 J Other energy units cal calorie 4.18 J kcal kilocalorie 4.18 kJ Wh watt-hour 3.6 kJ kWh kilowatt-hour 3.6 MJ GWh gigawatt-hour 3.6 GJ

4 Energy Power J joule W watt 1 J/s kJ kilojoule 10 3 J kW kilowatt 10 3 W or J/s MJ megajoule 10 6 J MW megawatt 10 6 W or J/s GJ gigajoule 10 9 J GW gigawatt 10 9 W or J/s TJ terajoule 10 12 J TW terawatt 10 12 W or J/s PJ petajoule 10 15 J PW petawatt 10 15 W or J/s EJ exajoule 10 18 J Other energy units cal calorie 4.18 J kcal kilocalorie 4.18 kJ Wh watt-hour 3.6 kJ kWh kilowatt-hour 3.6 MJ GWh gigawatt-hour 3.6 GJ

4 Energy Power J joule W watt 1 J/s kJ kilojoule 10 3 J kW kilowatt 10 3 W or J/s MJ megajoule 10 6 J MW megawatt 10 6 W or J/s GJ gigajoule 10 9 J GW gigawatt 10 9 W or J/s TJ terajoule 10 12 J TW terawatt 10 12 W or J/s PJ petajoule 10 15 J PW petawatt 10 15 W or J/s EJ exajoule 10 18 J Other energy units Other unit of power cal calorie 4.18 J hp horse power 746 W kcal kilocalorie 4.18 kJ Wh watt-hour 3.6 kJ kWh kilowatt-hour 3.6 MJ GWh gigawatt-hour 3.6 GJ

4 Energy Power J joule W watt 1 J/s kJ kilojoule 10 3 J kW kilowatt 10 3 W or J/s MJ megajoule 10 6 J MW megawatt 10 6 W or J/s GJ gigajoule 10 9 J GW gigawatt 10 9 W or J/s TJ terajoule 10 12 J TW terawatt 10 12 W or J/s PJ petajoule 10 15 J PW petawatt 10 15 W or J/s EJ exajoule 10 18 J Other energy units Other unit of power cal calorie 4.18 J hp horse power 746 W kcal kilocalorie 4.18 kJ Wh watt-hour 3.6 kJ kWh kilowatt-hour 3.6 MJ 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ and 1 MJ = 0.278 GWh gigawatt-hour 3.6 GJ kWh


 5 Daily examples of power Human Sleeping 75 W Sitting 115 W Walking 230 W Race walking 345 W Cycling 475 W Swimming 550 W Running 670 W Judo 1150 W


 5 Daily examples of power Human Sleeping 75 W Sitting 115 W Walking 230 W Race walking 345 W Cycling 475 W Swimming 550 W Running 670 W Judo 1150 W


 5 Daily examples of power Human Sleeping 75 W Sitting 115 W Walking 230 W Race walking 345 W Cycling 475 W Swimming 550 W Running 670 W Judo 1150 W


 
 5 Daily examples of power Human Equipment Sleeping 75 W Lamp 1-100 W Sitting 115 W Computer 200-300 W Walking 230 W Television 100-120 W Race walking 345 W Vacuum cleaner 1200-1800 W 
 Cycling 475 W Swimming 550 W Small car 75000 W Running 670 W Big car 80000 W Judo 1150 W Sports car 375000 W


 
 5 Daily examples of power Human Equipment Sleeping 75 W Lamp 1-100 W Sitting 115 W Computer 200-300 W Walking 230 W Television 100-120 W Race walking 345 W Vacuum cleaner 1200-1800 W 
 Cycling 475 W Swimming 550 W Small car 75000 W Running 670 W Big car 80000 W Judo 1150 W Sports car 375000 W


 
 5 Daily examples of power Human Equipment Sleeping 75 W Lamp 1-100 W Sitting 115 W Computer 200-300 W Walking 230 W Television 100-120 W Race walking 345 W Vacuum cleaner 1200-1800 W 
 Cycling 475 W Swimming 550 W Small car 75000 W Running 670 W Big car 80000 W Judo 1150 W Sports car 375000 W 100 horses!

6 Energetic value of fossil fuels Natural gas 1 m 3 35.2 MJ 
 9.8 kWh Petrol 1 l 32.4 MJ 
 9.0 kWh Diesel 1 l 35.8 MJ 
 10.0 kWh Kerosine 1 l 37.4 MJ 
 10.4 kWh Oil and fat 1 kg (vegetable/animal) 37.0 MJ 
 10.3 kWh

6 Energetic value of fossil fuels Natural gas 1 m 3 35.2 MJ 
 9.8 kWh Petrol 1 l 32.4 MJ 
 9.0 kWh ~ 36 MJ Diesel 1 l 35.8 MJ 
 ~ 10 kWh 10.0 kWh Kerosine 1 l 37.4 MJ 
 10.4 kWh Oil and fat 1 kg (vegetable/animal) 37.0 MJ 
 10.3 kWh


 6 Energetic value of fossil fuels Natural gas 1 m 3 35.2 MJ 
 9.8 kWh Petrol 1 l 32.4 MJ 
 9.0 kWh ~ 36 MJ Diesel 1 l 35.8 MJ 
 ~ 10 kWh 10.0 kWh Kerosine 1 l 37.4 MJ 
 10.4 kWh Oil and fat 1 kg (vegetable/animal) 37.0 MJ 
 10.3 kWh LPG 1 m 3 26.0 MJ 
 7.2 kWh Coal 1 kg 24.0 MJ 
 6.7 kWh Wood 1 kg 20.0 MJ 
 5.6 kWh

7 The ‘under-estimated’ flame [Prof. Jo Hermans]

7 The ‘under-estimated’ flame [Prof. Jo Hermans] ▪ Power of 1 flame = 100 W 
 (approximately 1 human sitting still) 


7 The ‘under-estimated’ flame [Prof. Jo Hermans] ▪ Power of 1 flame = 100 W 
 (approximately 1 human sitting still) 
 1 flame, 1 hour long: 
 100 W x 1 h = 100 Wh = 0.1 kWh = 0.36 MJ 


7 The ‘under-estimated’ flame [Prof. Jo Hermans] ▪ Power of 1 flame = 100 W 
 (approximately 1 human sitting still) 
 1 flame, 1 hour long: 
 100 W x 1 h = 100 Wh = 0.1 kWh = 0.36 MJ 
 ▪ Power of old boiler/geyser

7 The ‘under-estimated’ flame [Prof. Jo Hermans] ▪ Power of 1 flame = 100 W 
 (approximately 1 human sitting still) 
 1 flame, 1 hour long: 
 100 W x 1 h = 100 Wh = 0.1 kWh = 0.36 MJ 
 ▪ Power of old boiler/geyser 10 rows of 10 flames = 10 x 10 x 100 W 
 = 10000 kW = 10 kW

8 Practical example: showering Conversion figures Energy values 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ 1 litre of fuel: 36 MJ or 10 kWh 1 MJ = 0.278 kWh 1 m 3 of gas: 36 MJ or 10 kWh Power of boiler: 10 kW 


8 Practical example: showering Conversion figures Energy values 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ 1 litre of fuel: 36 MJ or 10 kWh 1 MJ = 0.278 kWh 1 m 3 of gas: 36 MJ or 10 kWh Power of boiler: 10 kW 
 How much energy does showering cost?

8 Practical example: showering Conversion figures Energy values 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ 1 litre of fuel: 36 MJ or 10 kWh 1 MJ = 0.278 kWh 1 m 3 of gas: 36 MJ or 10 kWh Power of boiler: 10 kW 
 How much energy does showering cost? ▪ 1 hour: 10 kW * 1 h = 10 kWh ≡ 1 l diesel (“milk can”)

8 Practical example: showering Conversion figures Energy values 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ 1 litre of fuel: 36 MJ or 10 kWh 1 MJ = 0.278 kWh 1 m 3 of gas: 36 MJ or 10 kWh Power of boiler: 10 kW 
 How much energy does showering cost? ▪ 1 hour: 10 kW * 1 h = 10 kWh ≡ 1 l diesel (“milk can”) ▪ 20 minutes: 10 kW * 0.33 h = 3.3 kWh ≡ 0.33 l diesel (“abbey beer bottle”)

8 Practical example: showering Conversion figures Energy values 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ 1 litre of fuel: 36 MJ or 10 kWh 1 MJ = 0.278 kWh 1 m 3 of gas: 36 MJ or 10 kWh Power of boiler: 10 kW 
 How much energy does showering cost? ▪ 1 hour: 10 kW * 1 h = 10 kWh ≡ 1 l diesel (“milk can”) ▪ 20 minutes: 10 kW * 0.33 h = 3.3 kWh ≡ 0.33 l diesel (“abbey beer bottle”) ▪ 5 minutes: 10 kW * 0.08 h = 0.8 kWh ≡ 0.08 l diesel (“double whisky”)

9 What does a Dutch household use in a year’s time?

9 What does a Dutch household use in a year’s time? For their house

9 What does a Dutch household use in a year’s time? For their house ▪ Heat: 1400 m 3 of gas = 13.7 MWh therm

9 What does a Dutch household use in a year’s time? For their house ▪ Heat: 1400 m 3 of gas = 13.7 MWh therm ▪ Electricity: 3500 kWh = 3.5 MWh electr

10 Electricity and primary energy