!"#$%&'(%#)*"#+,-.%(/,&01 &2# - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

!"#$%&'(%#)*"#+,-.%(/,&01 &2# /34#+&%(5#6,0789(5/3:1 )(;04/&1<3454 =0/45(>/,&0 !"#$%&'#(%)*+,#$-./%%0 12.3-4 5.0-&. /2& +%-6.+%-*7%) 1)%4+%894-&2'6:4*74 ;5+19< =.'%&-+.0- 2/#!%-6.+%-*74 >?#@.AB.0 @.AB.0,#C.)D*A+ 9$EFGH?!#IJKL#M JNOJPOIJKL#%-#KKQJJ

!"#$%&' R GB.&B*.S 2/#-6.#5GG@T)A*= T&%+.S2&U � GB.&B*.S 2/#-6.#V)2W%)#!X=#$2)B.& R F.4A)-4 R 5207)A4*20

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� 1%&%)).) *0/&%4-&A7-A&. /2& X15#S6.&. 47%)%W*)*-: *4#-.4-.3 A' -2#KJI`#51?4"

9$!:6$1./01;!$)'5 R Y3.%) !X=#._A%-*204 R 5.))87.0-.& A'S*03 T*0*-. ]2)A+. 476.+.4 R E2-%)#B%&*%-*20 3*+*0*46*0D R Y+')*7*- -*+.#4-.''*0D R C J aC K 4')*--*0D R 3*BCbJ#7204-&%*0- 4%-*4/%7-*20 ;6:'.&W2)*7 3*B.&D.07. 7).%0*0D,#c8S%B.< R 90*42-&2'*7 +.46#%3%'-%-*20 2B.& A04-&A7-A&.3 D&*34

/<='5:!$%210%)'59'&2'12$'6&%&911 � � � � � � $ � � � � � � � � � � ' ' % $ $ % ! � & � � � � � � � � # $ ! � � � � [))*'-*7 72&&.7-*20 ;b#'&2d.7-*20 476.+.< # ! � � � � � � � � # " # " ! " 1%&%W2)*7 72&&.7-*20 ;3*44*'%-*20 2/#3*BC ! $ " .&&2&4< ! � % � � � X:'.&W2)*7 72&&.7-*20 ;'&2'%D%-*20 � � � � � # )*) ! " ( $ � " & 2/#3*BC .&&2&4 S*-6 > 3 < ( !*^.3 72&&.7-*20 ;W2-6 3*44*'%-*20 � � � % � � � � � # %03#'&2'%D%-*20 2/#3*BC .&&2&4< � $ $ " & " ( !

� � � � � % � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � $ � � � � � � � � � % % ! ! $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ % � � � � /02 % % ! % % ! % % ! � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � % $ $ % ! ! $ � � � � � � % � � � � � � � & � � $ � � � � � � � � , ! $ $ $ $ % $ % $ � � , % % % ! % % � � � � � $ � + $ � � � � -./ % R X:'.&W2)*7#4:4-.+#2/#e#._A%-*204#S*-6#.*D.0B%)A.4Q#B,#Bf7 / ,#Bf7 4 ,#Bf7 9 ,# f A 542 ;-6.#4%+.#4:4-.+#%4#6:'.&W2)*7#3*B.&D.07.#7).%0*0D#S*-6# 6:'.&W2)*7#72&&.7-*20< � R *4#%#47%)%&#'2-.0-*%)#/A07-*20,# A 542 *4#%#7204-%0-#&./.&.07.#4'..3#;."D"# /&..4-&.%+ /)2S#4'..3< R 3*B : b#J#7203*-*20#*4#4%-*4/*.3#A'#-2#-6.#+%76*0.#%77A&%7:#).B.)#%-# 720B.&D.07. R -6.#4:4-.+#&.+%*04#'A&.):#6:'.&W2)*7#%03#7%0#W.#42)B.3#S*-6#%0:# 720B.0-*20%)#A'S*03#/*0*-.#B2)A+.#0A+.&*7%)#476.+.#4A*-%W).#/2&# 6:'.&W2)*7#1=[#4:4-.+4#;."D"#E]=#FA4%02B 476.+.<

:1>1: ? @: A1 ;=$%##%&9 : ? *4#%#3*'2). /*.)3 -6%- &.'&.4.0-4 -6.#[%&-6g4 +%D0.-*7 /*.)3"# � % � � � � � � � � � � � $ & 0 1 1 0 ! - - & - Y- *4#%#'2-.0-*%) /*.)3 -6%- 4%-*4/*.4 -6.#/2))2S*0D 7203*-*204Q � � � � $ � � � � � � � ! $ $ ! ! ! � & : A *4#-6.#B%&*%W). +%D0.-*7 /*.)3 -6%- *4#42)B.3 W: -6.#42)B.&"

#)015";6&!)1;2/'.' � � � � � � � � � � % � � � � � # " # " # " # " " " 2 3 2 3 '() 3 2 $ 23 " " * %03 %&. -6.#42)A-*20 B%&*%W).4 -6%- %&. )*0.%&): 2 3 &.7204-&A7-.3 %-#-6.#7.)) %03#0.*D6W2&*0D 7.)) 4*3.4 2/#%#7.)) /%7.,#&.4'.7-*B.):" * C%&-6 %03#h.4'.&4.0 %03#].0U%-%U&*460%0 %&. -6.#)*+*-.&4 A4.3"

%.=$%2%#1#%.'1;#'==%&91BAC "FGH+,*I 4JK-4L4H H4J+E4FH+MN,H4OF GLP+J+ QON /02 (Yalim et al. JCP Vol 230 pp. 6136-6154 2011) !23*/*.3 4:4-.+ 2/#*3.%)#!X=#._A%-*204 /2& X=5#7%0#W.#S&*--.0 %4#/2))2S4Q � � 4 " � � � ' " & % " $ ! 4& =*47&.-*\*0D *0#-*+.#A4*0D -6.#I"#2&3.& W%7US%&3 3*//.&.0-*%-*20 /2&+A)% 476.+.,#S. 2W-%*0 ; + " D � A , � & " D@A � - " D � " DEA � � � ! � 5 " D � A $ � / " D @*0.%&*\*0D -6.#&.4*3A%) -.&+ %&2A03 ,#S. D.- -6.#/2))2S*0D )*0.%& 4:4-.+Q# D � � � " $2)B. A0-*) � � � ; D � � ; " � � � � S6.&. � *4#%#B.&: 4+%)) �� " D D " � '24*-*B. 0A+W.& � " � � D > " D@A E" � " D

%.=$%2%#1#%.'1;#'==%&91BRC 04S+NM+FL+ L-+,F4FM 3G4FM 4JK-4L4H H4J+14FH+MN,H4OF QON 3FGH+,*I ./0 Y0 2&3.& -2#4%-*4/: -6.#3*BC 7204-&%*0- 3A&*0D -6.#-&%04*.0-,#-6.# ._A%-*20 /2& 3*B.&D.07. 7).%0*0D *4#720B.&D.3 -2#4-.%3: 4-%-. %-# .%76 -*+.4-.' W: %''):*0D � � � + " D � A , � 5 � " D � A ; E6A4,#%#'A&. H.S-20#*-.&%-*20 '&27.3A&. *4#%'')*.3 -2#-6.#.))*'-*7 72&&.7-*20 ;b#'&2d.7-*20 476.+.<"#E6*4 ._A%-*20 *4#)*0.%& *0# : ;.B.0 %/-.& 3*47&.-*\%-*20<#%03#-6.#3*BC 7204-&%*0- S*)) W.#4%-*4/*.3 %-#.%76 4AW*-.&%-*20"#

6&%;!#5!=%21.';/1606=#6#%!&1(!51 "&;#5"2#"5'0195%0;1BAC * $2)%&#S*03O')%0.-%&: +%D0.-24'6.&. *0-.&%7-*20 %'')*7%-*204 720-%*0 B.&: 3*//.&.0- D.2+.-&*7 47%).4 4A76 %4#4627U )%:.&4 %03#)%&D. D.2+.-&*7 3*4-%07.4" 8 E6.&./2&.,#42)A-*208%3%'-*B. D&*3 +.-6234 6%B. &.7.*B.3 7204*3.&%W). %--.0-*20 /27A4*0D +%*0): 20#-6.#9!F#4-&%-.D: ;."D"#A4.3 *0#-6.# 9!F]95#723.<#A4*0D 6*.&%&76*7%) &./*0.+.0- *0#-6.#4-&A7-A&.3 D&*3 720-.^-" 8 i. *0B.4-*D%-. %0#%)-.&0%-*B. %''&2%76 A4*0D /A)): A04-&A7-A&.3 D&*34 72+'24.3 2/#-.-&%6.3&%" 8 E6.4. 2//.& 6*D6.& /).^*W*)*-: /2& %0*42-&2'*7 %3%'-%-*20 4A76 %4#0..3.3 *0#4627U )%:.&4 ;%3%'-%-*20 +%3. *0#-6.#3*&.7-*20 02&+%)#-2#-6.#4627U<"

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

5';"$#; JjOJ`OIJJJ,#IJOKKOIJJL#%03#JNOJ`OIJKJ#!%D0.-*7 $-2&+ $*+A)%-*204 ;?04-.%3:<#*07)A3*0D 8 $.%&76 /2& -6.#1&.4.07.#2/#%#52+').^ 1)%0.-%&: C2S $627U $-&A7-A&.

;%."$6#%!&10!.6%& R V$!#722&3*0%-. 4:4-.+ ;^8%^*4 '2*0-4 %-#-6.#$A0,#^\8')%0. 720-%*04 -6.#3*'2). ; ! " <#%^*4 S6.&. %#/*^.3 -*)- %0D). 2/#KK"e`k*4#%'')*.3"< $2)%&#S*03 ')%4+% '%&%+.-.&4 /&2+ 95[#;l#@K<# ; � B# # B# ! $ B#<@ 64 s average magswe*.hdf data \ : GA-).- ;4*+'). .^-&%'2)%-*20 2/#'%&%+.-.&4< ^ Y00.& W2A03%&: ;l#I"NF [ < ;12S.)) 4/#(%? Keee,#V2+W24* 4/#(%? IJJI< � *4#/*^.3 -2#Nj#9!?O7+ L m # *4#Jm CD E @ 0 *4#J#%03# CD E @ / *4#.^-&%'2)%-.3m F *4#/*^.3 -2#LNJJJ#>"

93%'-.3#V&*3#;n#2/#023.4Q#`PLJjP,#n#2/#-.-&%6.3&%Q#IPPL`Ij< =.04*-: 720-2A&4 2B.& -6.#%3%'-.3 D&*3 *0#-6.#B*7*0*-: 2/#-6.#[%&-6 %-#-#b#J

.69&'#%21;#!5.1.!)%'; 8 JjOJ`OIJJJ#4-2&+ � =4- +*0 Q#8Icc#0E IJOKKOIJJL#4-2&+ � =4- +*0 Q#8`PI#0E JNOJ`OIJKJ#4-2&+ � =4- +*0 Q#8cK#0E R =NOHOF1F3JT+N *+FG4HI JOS4+ R =NOHOF1GK++* JOS4+ R =NOHOF1KN+GG3N+ JOS4+ R : U JOS4+ R .,MF+H4L Q4+-* -4F+G JOS4+

61&".'5%26$1.69&'#%21;#!5.1%&0'V 8 i. '&.4.0- %#0A+.&*7%) +%D0.-*7 4-2&+ *03.^ W%4.3 20#-6.#%B.&%D. 2/# -6.#+%D0*-A3. 2/#-6.#'.&-A&W%-*20 /*.)3,# ! $ ,#*04*3.#%#4'6.&. 2/#&%3*A4 L# [%&-6 &%3** 4A&&2A03*0D -6.#[%&-6" 8 T2& %)) -6.#-6&.. 4-2&+4 2/#3*//.&.0- 4-&.0D-64,#-6.#-*+.4 2/#-6.#*0*-*%) dA+' %03#-6.#'.%U 2/#-6.#4-2&+ *03.^ %&. 7)24. -2#-6.#B%&*%-*204 *0#-6.#=4- *03.^"#