Yimnang Golbuu Palau International Coral Reef Center
Ngerukewid Island Preserve Established 1956
Ngerumekaol Spawning Area Established 1976 3.5 sq. mi. NO TAKE
Ngeruangel Reserve Ebiil Conservation Area Ileyakl Beluu Conservation Area Ngaraard Mangrove Conservation Area Ngermasch Conservation Area Bkulengriil Conservation Area Ngermeduu Conservation Area Ngatpang Conservation Area Ngelukes Conservation Area Oikuul Mangrove Conservation Area Ngerkebesang Conservation Zone Ngerumekaol Spawning Area Ngederak Reef Ngkisaol Sardine Sanctuary Ngerukewid Islands Wildlife Preserve Ngemelis Island Complex Teluleu Conservation Area Angaur Conservation Area
Problems Current MPAs formed an ad hoc system of protected areas Not necessarily effective for nation-wide biodiversity Does not incorporate concepts such as resilience and ecological integrity Ad hoc created protected areas cannot deal with the impact global climate change
Dual Objectives of PAN Protecting the country’s biodiversity Assist with local management of natural resources
Science and Monitoring Network Design (habitat, stratification, connectivity, resilience) Monitoring indicators and monitoring protocol (effect of protection on resources)
Golbuu et al. 2012
Golbuu et al. 2012
Bay Outside pH=7.8-7.9 pH=8.05 Ω arg=2-2.5 Ω arg=3.6-3.7 temp =30 temp =29 Shamberger et al. 2014
Coral Connectivity 24 hours Initial Seeding 48 hours 72 hours gaps in connectivity
Fish Connectivity 7 days Initial Seeding 4 days 10 days gaps in connectivity
Golbuu et al. 2012
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