What is a Picture? Frdo Durand and Julie Dorsey MIT- Lab for - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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What is a Picture? Frdo Durand and Julie Dorsey MIT- Lab for - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 09, 2023 520 likes •1.34k views

The Art and Science of Depiction What is a Picture? Frdo Durand and Julie Dorsey MIT- Lab for Computer Science Photoshop assignment Perspective Converging perspective is OK in the 3D real world It is not in 2D Distracting

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SLIDE 1

The Art and Science of Depiction Frédo Durand and Julie Dorsey MIT- Lab for Computer Science

What is a Picture?

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SLIDE 2

What is a picture? 2

Photoshop assignment

  • Perspective

– Converging perspective is OK in the 3D real world – It is not in 2D

  • Distracting elements

– Are usually not distracting in “reality” – But are harder to “filter out” in the picture – The image does not “read” as well

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SLIDE 3

What is a picture? 3

Reading

  • Photo-surrealism

– Unable to detect discrepancy – Non realistic physics helps tell story

  • Jet Lighter

– New approach to making images – Photos are the new building block to make photos – Very different from traditional montage – The same may happen to cinema (Lucas)

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SLIDE 4

What is a picture? 4

Discussion

  • Visions of Light
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SLIDE 5

What is a picture? 5

Visions of Light

  • Intuition, realize afterwards
  • Craft, not art
  • Dominance of the actor

– Must be beautiful – No shadow on faces – Dietrich more luminous, pops out

  • Film noir
  • Color in The Last Emperor
  • Communication Director Photo-director
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SLIDE 6

What is a picture? 6

Visions of Light

  • Formal rules / breaking rules

– The rules are broken, not eliminated – Only when necessary – The counter-example does prove the rule

  • Difficulty with new language

– Silent to talky, Black and white to color, wide format

  • Invention

– Technological – Pictorial, new language

  • Importance of fresh eyes
  • To be “realistic”, do not use formal rules
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SLIDE 7

What is a picture? 7

Relativism of realism

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SLIDE 8

What is a picture? 8

Questions

  • What makes a picture a picture
  • Would a 100% faithful hologram be a picture?
  • Could it be artistic

– Would it be better than a “normal” picture – Would it be inferior?

  • Example of cinema

– Static to dynamic – Silent to talkie – Black and white to color – 3D

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SLIDE 9

What is a picture? 9

What is art

  • Craft (Painting, Cinema)
  • Religion
  • Beauty
  • Self expression
  • Emotion
  • Enhanced experience
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SLIDE 10

What is a picture? 10

Plan

  • The chain of representation of reality
  • Duality of images 2D/3D
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SLIDE 11

What is a picture? 11

Reality

  • Objective, physical
  • May be imagination

– But always references to reality

Light transferts

  • ptics

perspective

Reality

Objects Material

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SLIDE 12

What is a picture? 12

The Artist

  • Visual system

– Not straightforward!

Visual system

Artist

selection interpretation intention message Context social historical artistic

Light transferts

  • ptics

perspective

Reality

Objects Material

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SLIDE 13

What is a picture? 13

The Artist

  • Visual system
  • Intention
  • Context

Visual system

Artist

selection interpretation intention message Context social historical artistic

Light transferts

  • ptics

perspective

Reality

Objects Material

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SLIDE 14

What is a picture? 14

The Picture

  • Flat, limitations
  • Seen in a given environment, conditions

environnement limitations

Picture

  • ptics

perspective

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SLIDE 15

What is a picture? 15

The Beholder

  • Visual system
  • Interpretation
  • Context

Visual system

Beholder

selection interpretation Context social historical artistic

environnement limitations

Picture

  • ptics

perspective

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SLIDE 16

What is a picture? 16

The Chain of Depiction

  • Differences,

Mismatch

– Context – Conditions – Perception – Message Selection

Visual system

Artist

selection interpretation intention message Context social historical artistic Light transferts

  • ptics

perspective

Reality

Objects Material Visual system

Beholder

selection interpretation Context social historical artistic environnement limitations

Picture

  • ptics

perspective

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SLIDE 17

What is a picture? 17

Context

  • Historical
  • Political
  • Gender
  • Artistic

Visual system

Artist

selection interpretation intention message Context social historical artistic Light transferts

  • ptics

perspective

Reality

Objects Material Visual system

Beholder

selection interpretation Context social historical artistic environnement limitations

Picture

  • ptics

perspective

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SLIDE 18

What is a picture? 18

Conditions

  • Darker
  • Distance
  • Etc.

Visual system

Artist

selection interpretation intention message Context social historical artistic Light transferts

  • ptics

perspective

Reality

Objects Material Visual system

Beholder

selection interpretation Context social historical artistic environnement limitations

Picture

  • ptics

perspective

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SLIDE 19

What is a picture? 19

Perception

  • Is the

perception

  • f pictures

different from the perception

  • f reality?

Visual system

Artist

selection interpretation intention message Context social historical artistic Light transferts

  • ptics

perspective

Reality

Objects Material Visual system

Beholder

selection interpretation Context social historical artistic environnement limitations

Picture

  • ptics

perspective

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SLIDE 20

What is a picture? 20

Perception picture/reality

  • Photos usually do not

look distorted

  • Why is the photo of

the photo distorted?

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SLIDE 21

What is a picture? 21

Picture vs. Reality

  • We see reality the way we see pictures
  • Not the other way around
  • Make up
  • Stage lighting
  • Statues as 2D views
  • Architecture un-distortion
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SLIDE 22

What is a picture? 22

Message, selection

  • How can

the artist transmit a message and select what the viewer perceives

Visual system

Artist

selection interpretation intention message Context social historical artistic Light transferts

  • ptics

perspective

Reality

Objects Material Visual system

Beholder

selection interpretation Context social historical artistic environnement limitations

Picture

  • ptics

perspective

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SLIDE 23

What is a picture? 23

Selection

  • Viewpoint selection, framing
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SLIDE 24

What is a picture? 24

Selection

  • Depth of field
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SLIDE 25

What is a picture? 25

Selection

  • Edge burning
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SLIDE 26

What is a picture? 26

Selection

  • Lighting
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SLIDE 27

What is a picture? 27

Selection

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SLIDE 28

What is a picture? 28

Message, selection

  • How can

the artist transmit a message and select what the viewer perceives

  • Caption

Visual system

Artist

selection interpretation intention message Context social historical artistic Light transferts

  • ptics

perspective

Reality

Objects Material Visual system

Beholder

selection interpretation Context social historical artistic environnement limitations

Picture

  • ptics

perspective

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SLIDE 29

What is a picture? 29

Caption

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SLIDE 30

What is a picture? 30

Caption, context

  • Christina’s world, Wyeth
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SLIDE 31

What is a picture? 31

Making pictures

  • Simple in principle:

Draw or paint what you see

Visual system

Artist

selection interpretation intention message Context social historical artistic Light transferts

  • ptics

perspective

Reality

Objects Material environnement limitations

Picture

  • ptics

perspective

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SLIDE 32

What is a picture? 32

Making pictures

  • Simple in principle:

Draw or paint what you see

  • Problem:

what we see is not so simple

Visual system

Artist

selection interpretation intention message Context social historical artistic Light transferts

  • ptics

perspective

Reality

Objects Material environnement limitations

Picture

  • ptics

perspective

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SLIDE 33

What is a picture? 33

Making pictures

  • Previsualization (Adams)

Visual system

Artist

selection interpretation intention message Context social historical artistic Light transferts

  • ptics

perspective

Reality

Objects Material environnement limitations

Picture

  • ptics

perspective

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SLIDE 34

What is a picture? 34

Making vs. analyzing pictures

  • Practice
  • Feedback
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SLIDE 35

What is a picture? 35

Making vs. analyzing pictures

  • Practice
  • Feedback
  • Clouds,

Constellations

  • Rorschach
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SLIDE 36

What is a picture? 36

Goals of pictures

  • Optical vs. Haptical
  • What we see vs. What we know
  • What we feel/mean
  • Other “channels”

– Sound, data, etc.

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SLIDE 37

What is a picture? 37

Do we always need photo-realism?

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SLIDE 38

What is a picture? 38

Plan

  • The chain of representation of reality
  • Duality of images 2D/3D
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SLIDE 39

What is a picture? 39

Duality of pictures

  • Pictures are both

– Flat 2D objects – Depictions of 3D scenes

  • The dialectic between these two essences is

crucial

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SLIDE 40

What is a picture? 40

Duality of pictures

  • Magritte
  • Anecdote

Matisse

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SLIDE 41

What is a picture? 41

Duality of pictures

  • Magritte
  • Anecdote

Matisse

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SLIDE 42

What is a picture? 42

2D/3D

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SLIDE 43

What is a picture? 43

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 44

What is a picture? 44

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 45

What is a picture? 45

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 46

What is a picture? 46

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 47

What is a picture? 47

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 48

What is a picture? 48

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 49

What is a picture? 49

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 50

What is a picture? 50

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 51

What is a picture? 51

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 52

What is a picture? 52

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 53

What is a picture? 53

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 54

What is a picture? 54

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 55

What is a picture? 55

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 56

What is a picture? 56

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 57

What is a picture? 57

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 58

What is a picture? 58

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 59

What is a picture? 59

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 60

What is a picture? 60

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 61

What is a picture? 61

Is it 2D, is it 3D?

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SLIDE 62

What is a picture? 62

What makes it 2D

  • The surface of the picture is visible
  • The marks are visible (brush strokes, grain,

scratching film…)

  • Absence of one visual channel (color, texture…)
  • Letters
  • Accidental viewpoint
  • Absence of shading
  • “non-realism”
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SLIDE 63

What is a picture? 63

Interaction 2D/3D

  • Celtic knots
  • Islamic arabesques
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SLIDE 64

What is a picture? 64

Interaction 2D/3D

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What is a picture? 65

Interaction 2D/3D

  • The image is 3D
  • The message is in the 2D
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What is a picture? 66

Do we always need photographs?

  • Focusing on the 2D aspect

emphasize the “potential” side

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What is a picture? 67

Perspective correction

  • 3D verticality must be translated as 2D verticality

Snapshot-Perspective-Speed, aperture-Filter-Lighting-Processing & Print-Make up-Retouching

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SLIDE 68

What is a picture? 68

Perspective distortion

  • The 3D symmetric sphere

is projected as a 2D asymmetric ellipse

Snapshot-Perspective-Speed, aperture-Filter-Lighting-Processing & Print-Make up-Retouching

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SLIDE 69

What is a picture? 69

The School of Athens, Raphael

  • Sphere

should project to an ellipse

Snapshot-Perspective-Speed, aperture-Filter-Lighting-Processing & Print-Make up-Retouching

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SLIDE 70

What is a picture? 70

3D and 2D attributes

  • Show a dice to children (~6-7)
  • They usually draw a rectangle
  • The rectangle can stand for one face
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SLIDE 71

What is a picture? 71

3D and 2D attributes

  • Show colored or numbered dice to children (6-7)
  • The still draw a rectangle
  • But different colors or many points
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SLIDE 72

What is a picture? 72

3D and 2D attributes

  • Show colored or numbered dice to children (6-7)
  • The still draw a rectangle
  • But different colors or many points
  • The rectangle stands for the whole dice
  • The notion of 3D object with corners is translated

as a 2D object with corners

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SLIDE 73

What is a picture? 73

Discussion

  • Why is black and white photography considered

“more artistic”

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SLIDE 74

What is a picture? 74

Assignments

  • Feedback
  • Image
  • Reading
  • Piranesi
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What is a picture? 75

Reading

  • Do not forget Gombrich
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What is a picture? 76

Assignment

  • Piranesi tutorial

– Demo version on the class web page – Non-photorealistic rendering – Tutorial 1 to 3 – Skip 2.4

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SLIDE 77

What is a picture? 77

Talk

  • Vague decision next week
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SLIDE 78

What is a picture? 78

The End

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What is a picture? 79

Degree of realism

  • Non-figurative
  • Remote
  • Realistic
  • Recording
  • Photojournalism (objective, “neutral”)
  • Holography
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SLIDE 80

What is a picture? 80

Misc.

  • Different techniques for the same goal
  • Knots for 2D/3D, posters, trompe-l’œil