What are the environmental effects of Pumped Hydro of Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) gy g ( ) and how can future development d l proceed? proceed? The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EACI nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.`
stoRE: Main Facts stoRE: Main Facts Financed through the “Intelligent Energy � for Europe” programme p p g From May 2011 to 30 April 2014 � Aim: facilitate the high penetration of � intermittent renewable energies in the i t itt t bl i i th European grid by unblocking the potential for energy storage infrastructure Overall objective: help creating the � regulatory and market conditions that will give incentives for development of the necessary storage infrastructure i f
Environmental Issues Environmental Issues Our focus is environmental implications: 1. Environmental impacts of existing Pumped H d Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) & Compressed E St (PHES) & C d Air Energy Storage (CAES) 2. Recommendations for furthering the Sustainable Development of Bulk Energy Storage Facilities 3. Natura 2000 Guidelines
What is happening? What is happening? • Presentation 1 • Interactive event - Environmental Impacts • Interactive event - Environmental Impacts Coffee break • Presentation 2 • Panel Discussion
Environmental Aspects Presentation 1
PHES & CAES Today PHES & CAES Today PHES CAES • Services: energy storage, gy g • Services: energy storage, gy g grid services grid services • Mature & proven • Considered mature technology (CAES)/premature (AA- CAES) • 170 operational PHES E Europe • 2 operational CAES 2 ti l CAES worldwide • Renewed interest • R&D interest in AA-CAES R&D interest in AA CAES • Lack of experience in (“Adele”) developing PHES in current environmental current environmental • Lack of experience • Lack of experience regulations
Pumped Hydro Energy Storage • PHES: – Closed-loop Closed loop – Semi-open – Open system O t
Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Closed-loop PHES • Closed off from other water bodies • Artificial or modified existing lakes • E.g. Turlough Hill (I (Ireland) l d)
Closed ‐ loop System Closed loop System
Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Semi-open PHES • One artificial reservoir & one reservoir part of river system • E.g. Goldisthal (Germany) • Marine PHES – sea acts M i PHES t as a reservoir (Okinawa, Japan) Japan)
Semi ‐ Open system Semi Open system
Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Pump-back PHES • Both reservoirs form part p of river system • Operate as conventional hydro if pump is shut off • Hydro can be retrofitted with pump ith • E.g. Thissavros built as a pump back (Greece) pump-back (Greece)
Open ‐ system Open system
Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Construction Operation Closed-loop Artificial reservoir Pumping Lake impoundment Generating Tunnels Caverns Semi-open Artificial reservoir Pumping Dams Generating Tunnels Caverns Open Dams Pumping Tunnels Tunnels Generating Generating Caverns
Compressed Air Energy Storage CAES • Stores compressed air in p underground caverns for later electricity generation • Salt dome caverns • Additional natural gas needed d d • E.g Huntdorf (Germany)
CAES CAES
Specific site conditions Specific site conditions PHES CAES • Difference in elevation • Suitable geology/cavern g gy sites for storing • Access to water compressed air • Specific site conditions – p • Salt domes preferred limited number of suitable sites • Specific sites • Competition for suitable caverns with NG and CCS CCS
Development Development • Long development timeframe • Large scale civil projects – of strategic importance • Significant environmental impact • Vary considerably depending on type of PHES & siting - Similarities to hydropower • Lack experience development in current regulatory environment i t • Little development in last 20 years coincides with environmental directives & regulations environmental directives & regulations • Correct siting is vital – or waste time & money
Environmental Impacts Interactive Session
Environmental Impacts Environmental Impacts • Deviation from existing baseline conditions: difference with the project V conditions: difference with the project V without the project • Sensitive environment + PHES = High S iti i t + PHES Hi h impact • Modified environment + PHES = Lower impact impact
Environmental Impacts Environmental Impacts Potential Issues Potential Impacts Humans Noise and vibration Noise and vibration Ecology Land and soils Water Air and climate Cultural heritage Landscape
Environmental Impact Environmental Impact Potential Issues / EIA Huntdorf Turlough Hill g Goldisthal Thissavros terms of reference terms of reference Population L L L L Transport L L L L Human Human Interaction Cultural Heritage L L L L Material Assets L L L L H H H Biodiversity L M M H Fisheries L E Ecology and l d Natural M M M Landscape & Visuals L Systems L-H L-H L-H Air and Climate L-H Water Resources and M M H L Quality L L L Noise & Vibration L Physical L M H Soils & Geology L Environment Hydrology & H H H L Hydrogeology
Recap Recap • Large scale civil projects • RES Enablers • RES Enablers • Potential significant environmental impacts • Site specific • Impact related to sensitivity of site • Impact related to sensitivity of site • Site selection critical
Presentation 2 Recommendations for furthering the Sustainable Development of Bulk Energy Storage Facilities Storage Facilities
The Planning Hierarchy The Planning Hierarchy Policy Plans Programmes Projects
Recommendation 1 Recommendation 1 Establish a need for bulk Energy Storage Technologies - create appropriate policy create appropriate policy Policy Policy Plans Plans Programmes Programmes Projects Projects
Recommendation 2 Recommendation 2 Develop Plans and Programmes for bulk energy storage Policy Policy Plans Plans Programmes Programmes Projects Projects
Recommendation 3 Recommendation 3 Identify viable sites at strategic level Identify viable sites at strategic level Policy Policy Plans Plans Programmes Programmes Projects Projects
Recommendation 4 Recommendation 4 Develop Clear Guidelines and p Document Best Practice Policy Policy Plans Plans Programmes Programmes Projects Projects
Recommendation 5 Recommendation 5 Facilitate planning and approval procedures Policy Policy Plans Plans Programmes Programmes Projects Projects
Recommendations Recommendations 1. Establish a need for bulk EST – create appropriate policy 2. Develop Plans and Programmes for Bulk EST 3. Identify viable sites at Strategic Level 4. Develop clear guidelines and document best practice 5. Facilitate planning and approval procedures
Panel Discussion Sergey Moroz WWF Michael Fink Schluchseewerk Marta Moren Abat DG Environment Marta Moren-Abat DG Environment
Recommend
More recommend
