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Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Gothenburg Region OpenFOAM User Group Meeting 2012 Chalmers R.P. Mathie

November 23, 2012

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Outline

Introduction and Motivation Compressors and Expanders Heat Transfer with Cyclic Work Gas Springs Energy Storage

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Table of Contents

Introduction and Motivation Compressors and Expanders Heat Transfer with Cyclic Work Gas Springs Energy Storage

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Energy Storage

◮ Energy storage needed to match supply

from renewables (wind/solar) with energy demand

◮ 60 GWh of storage planed for the U.K. by

2020

◮ Working with company Isentropic ◮ U.K. government grant for a MW scale

technical demonstrator

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Energy Storage

◮ Energy storage needed to match supply

from renewables (wind/solar) with energy demand

◮ 60 GWh of storage planed for the U.K. by

2020

◮ Working with company Isentropic ◮ U.K. government grant for a MW scale

technical demonstrator

◮ Imperial have a two part project:

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Energy Storage

◮ Energy storage needed to match supply

from renewables (wind/solar) with energy demand

◮ 60 GWh of storage planed for the U.K. by

2020

◮ Working with company Isentropic ◮ U.K. government grant for a MW scale

technical demonstrator

◮ Imperial have a two part project:

Experimental test rig and CFD modelling

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Energy Storage

◮ Energy storage needed to match supply

from renewables (wind/solar) with energy demand

◮ 60 GWh of storage planed for the U.K. by

2020

◮ Working with company Isentropic ◮ U.K. government grant for a MW scale

technical demonstrator

◮ Imperial have a two part project:

Experimental test rig and CFD modelling

◮ I am here to learn how to model parts of

this device using openFoam

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Pumped Thermal Energy Storage

◮ Gas is compressed/expanded to

heat/cool thermal reservoirs

◮ Flow direction is reversed to

reclaim energy

◮ Round trip efficiency of 75 to

80 %

◮ High sensitivity to

compressor/expander efficiency

◮ See White [2009], White et al.

[2012]

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Table of Contents

Introduction and Motivation Compressors and Expanders Heat Transfer with Cyclic Work Gas Springs Energy Storage

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Reciprocating Compressors and Expanders

◮ Reciprocating compressors/expanders

have high polytropic efficiency

◮ Isentropic are planning on using a ”Valve

in Piston” configuration – DRESSER–RAND

◮ Large Open area ratio → Low pressure

loss

◮ However, does this arrangement result in

increased mixing?

◮ How does this affect heat transfer and

the efficiency of the compressor/expander?

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Heat Transfer in a Gas Undergoing Cyclic Work

• 10
• 5

5 10 15

• 20000
• 10000

10000 20000 30000 theta qf

◮ Work done on gas generates an inversion

• f the temperature profile at the wall

◮ Heat can be transferred into the fluid,

despite the bulk fluid temperature being higher than the wall

◮ Normal heat transfer coefficient

inadequate

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Gas Springs

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 loss Pe 0.010 0.10 0.32 1.0 10 ad{ 32

◮ Losses due to the cyclic heat

transfer

◮ Sensitive to the heat transfer

process

◮ Complex Nusslet number (Lee

[1983] and Kornhauser and Smith [1994])

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Piston in Valve?

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Table of Contents

Introduction and Motivation Compressors and Expanders Heat Transfer with Cyclic Work Gas Springs Energy Storage

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Energy Storage

Second part of project:

◮ Evaluation of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES)

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Energy Storage

Second part of project:

◮ Evaluation of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) ◮ LHTES offers large performance gains in energy density, and

efficiency

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Energy Storage

Second part of project:

◮ Evaluation of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) ◮ LHTES offers large performance gains in energy density, and

efficiency (due to the constant temperature heat rejection)

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Energy Storage

Second part of project:

◮ Evaluation of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) ◮ LHTES offers large performance gains in energy density, and

efficiency (due to the constant temperature heat rejection)

◮ I want to analyse the losses in latent heat thermal reservoirs

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Energy Storage

Second part of project:

◮ Evaluation of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) ◮ LHTES offers large performance gains in energy density, and

efficiency (due to the constant temperature heat rejection)

◮ I want to analyse the losses in latent heat thermal reservoirs ◮ In a similar fashion to that done for passive materials White

[2011]

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Using meltFoam

◮ Quick Evaluation Using meltFoam

R¨

• sler and Br¨

uggemann [2011]

◮ Non isothermal phase change ◮ Darcy momentum source for solid

phase

◮ Fluid flow solved by PIMPLE

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Using meltFoam

◮ Quick Evaluation Using meltFoam

R¨

• sler and Br¨

uggemann [2011]

◮ Non isothermal phase change ◮ Darcy momentum source for solid

phase

◮ Fluid flow solved by PIMPLE ◮ Need to expand to 3D ◮ Is Fabian’s method correct? ◮ More complex boundary condition

required (evolution of temperature in the gas side of the heat exchanger)

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)

Thank You For Listening!

A.J. White. Thermodynamic analysis of the reverse joule-brayton cycle heat pump for domestic heating. Applied Energy, 86(11): 2443–2450, 2009.

• A. White, G. Parks, and C.N. Markides. Thermodynamic analysis
• f pumped thermal electricity storage. Applied Thermal

Engineering, 2012. K.P. Lee. A simplistic model of cyclic heat transfer phenomena in closed spaces. In IECEC’83; Proceedings of the Eighteenth Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, volume 1, pages 720–723, Orlando, FL, USA, August 1983. 21-26. A.A. Kornhauser and J.L. Smith. Application of a complex nusselt number to heat transfer during compression and expansion. Journal of Heat Transfer, 116(3):536–542, 1994. A.J. White. Loss analysis of thermal reservoirs for electrical energy storage schemes. Applied Energy, 88(11):4150–4159, 2011.

• F. R¨
• sler and D. Br¨
• uggemann. Shell-and-tube type latent heat

thermal energy storage: numerical analysis and comparison with

• experiments. Heat and mass transfer, 47(8):1027–1033, 2011.

ICL Modelling Compressors and Expanders for Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES)