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Welcome to Presentation on Date Palm (Saudi Khajur) Cultivation in Bangladesh

DAM MFP

Krishibid Md. Niamul Kabir Senior Program Officer (Agri.) MFP, DAM December 28,2014

History of Date Palm(Saudi Khajur)

DAM MFP

 Date palm is one of the oldest cultivated plant(Lee,1963,Riad 2006)  May even have been cultivated as early as 5000 B.C.(Popenoe,1924)  Dates are also mentioned more than 20 times in the Qur’an and 50 times in the Bible  Dates have been cultivated since ancient times, probably as early as 6000 BC.

History of Date Palm(Saudi Khajur)

DAM MFP

 Date palm were one of the first plants cultivated by man  The first written records of date palm being grown and harvested are from about 5000 years ago in ancient Mesopotamia (current day Iraq) along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers  Date palms were also used 6000 years ago near Ur in southern Iraq in the construction

• f the temple of the moon god

Geographical Distribution

DAM MFP

 Old World (Near East and North Africa  New World (American Continent)  Distribution according to Latitude:  Distribution according to Altitude:392 m below sea level to 1500 m above with an altitude range of 1892 m

• date palm distribution are between 10°N (Somalia)

and 39°N (Elche/Spain or Turkmenistan)

 Number of date palms in the world: # date palms 100 million, 30 Countries and production 2.5-5.0 MT fruit per year/Country

Old World and New World diff. Countries:

DAM MFP

Name of Country Name of Country Name of Country Algeria, Bahrein, Somalia, Spain Niger, Pakistan China, Egypt, Sudan, Oman Peru Iraq, Israel, Tunisia, Turkey Qutar Kuwait, U.A.Emirates Cameroon Libya USA, Yemen Gaza, Iran Mexico Mauritania, Saudi Arabia Jordan, Kenya Morocco

Geographical Distribution (Cont.)

Scientific Classification

DAM MFP

 Kingdom: Plantae  Group: Spadiciflora  Tribe: Phoeniceae  Order: Arecales  Family: Arecaceae  Sub-Family: Coryphyoideae  Genus: Phoenix  Species: Phoenix dactylifera

Varieties of Date Palm

DAM MFP

More than 3000 varieties all around the world Different Commercially Important date varieties  Amari  Bahri  Hayani  Medhjout  Deglet Nour  Hadrawi  Zahidi (Medjhool,Deglet nour, Barhi)

Varieties Distribution of Date Palm

DAM MFP

SI. No Name of Country No.of Varieties 01 Iran 400 02 Iraq 370 03 Tunisia 250 04 Morocco 244 05 USA 196 06 Egypt 26 07 Egypt & Sudan 22

Nutrient Value of Date Palm

DAM MFP  The flesh of dates contains 60 to 65 % sugar, about

2.5 % fibre, 2 % protein and less than 2 % each of fat, minerals, and pectin substances.  Date fruits are also a good source of iron, potassium and calcium, with a very low sodium and fat content.  In addition, moderate quantities of chlorine, phosphorous, copper, magnesium, silicon and sulphur are also found in the date fruit

Botanical Description of Date Palm

DAM MFP

Vegetative Organs:  Root System: Pri, Secondary & Tertiary  Trunk (Stem): 1-1.10 m Circumference  Leaves: Normal life 3-7 years

• 30-140 green leaves/adult date palm
• 10-30 new green leaves/date palm/year
• Leave length 3-8 m (4m average)
• Total # leaflet 120-240
• Fibre and Spines

Botanical Description of Date Palm (Cont.)

DAM MFP

Reproductive Organs (Dioecious Plant):  Inflorescences/ Flowers  Fruit:

• Weight: 2-60 g
• Length: 18-110 mm
• Width: 8-32 mm
• Color: Yellow to black

 Seed

Climatic Requirement of Date Palm

DAM MFP

 Dates are grow in very hot and dry climates, and are

relatively tolerant of salty and alkaline soils

 Date palms require a long, intensive hot summer

with little rain and very low humidity during the period from pollination to harvest

 Dates are widely grown in the arid regions between

15o N and 35o N and it survive in a wide temperature up to about 50-60o C

 Date palm can grow from 12.7-27.5o C and sustaining

short periods of frost at temperature as below -5o C

 The ideal temperature for the growth of the date

palm, ranges from 21-24o C

 Vegetative stage: 10o C

 Flowering stage: shade temperature more than 18o C

 Fruiting stage: temperature more than 25o C

Date Palm of Saudi Arabia

DAM MFP

 Saudi Arabia produces 17% of world’s dates  Around: 1.10 million ton and 157000 ha.  # Date palm trees more than 25 million  160 Famous types Date palm  The world second largest dates producer  Export around 5% dates produce

Date Palm of Madinah Munawarah

DAM MFP

 World famous & delicious dates produce  Species: # 70 Cultivated Varieties:  Lubna, Marium, Kalmi Mudina  Salabi tamar, Sukhal B Dana  Amari, Barni Mudina  Sugai, Sukri and Ajwa

Top Ten Producers of Date Palm in World

DAM MFP

Name of Country Production (‘000 MT) Egypt 1470 Iran 1066 Saudi Arabia 1050 Algeria 789 Iraq 650 Pakistan 600 Oman 270 United Arab Emirates 250 Tunisia 190 Libya 170 Source: FAO, 2012

Scenario of Date Palm in Bangladesh

DAM MFP

District Upazila Year

Mymensingh Bhaluka 2001 Bogra Dunat, Nandigram 2008 Magura Shalikha, Sreepur 2005, 2007 Natore Boraigram 2008 Sherpur Sadar Moulovibazar Kulaura Jhenaidah Horinakunda Feni Rangamati Kaptai 2008-09

Scenario of Date Palm in Bangladesh Cont.

DAM MFP

• Saudi Khajur start:2001
• Land:1.5 acres
• Seedling Produce: 7000
• First Saudi Khajur

Farmer Md.Abdul Mutaleb in Bhaluka

• Fruiting

Plant: 35

Scenario of Date Palm in Bangladesh Cont.

DAM MFP

• Place: Puragachi,

Shalikha, Magura

• Land:1.0 acre
• Plant No.: 1000
• Farmer: Md. Alauddin

Hossain

• Start Time: 2007

Scenario of Date Palm in Bangladesh Cont.

DAM MFP

• Place: Jhenaidah

sadar, Horinakunda

• Land:50 Biga
• Plant No.: 300,000
• Farmer:#48
• Expected Yield: 10000 MT
• Start Time: 2007

Scenario of Date Palm in Bangladesh Cont.

DAM MFP

• Place:

Raikhali Agri.Research Institute, Kaptai, Rangamati

• Start Time: 2008-09

Importance of Date Palm

DAM MFP

 Nutrient Supply  Fibre Food/Fruit  Employment Create  Fallow land use  Environmental Hazard Remove  Foreign Currency  Hilly land Use  Medicinal Use

Benefits of Date Palm

DAM MFP

 Unripe dates as fertility foods: To help the conceive  Date flower: Improve the chances of conceiving  Dates during and after pregnancy: dates are rich in

potassium, glycine and threonine, activate prolactin, the milk hormone and promote the flow of milk

 Dates restore health: dates are rich in vitamin A & C,

fibre, calcium, iron, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, copper, magnesium and manganese

 Cancer and heart disease  Date fruits to provide relieve from:

• Sore throat, colds, fever, throat & chest infection
• Bronchial asthma, poisonous effect

Date Palm Products Development

DAM MFP

 Pastry, bakery, confectionery products & beverages  Sandwich spreads, party snacks, salad  Breakfast foods, dietetic baby foods  Sweets & snacks, chocolate, date butter or cream, date

jam, ice-cream, date juice, liquid sugar, protein yeast, vinegar, wine, alcohol, organic acids

 Animal feed, soil amendments, panel board, industrial

raw stock

 Traditional use of Date palm products :

• Trunk, leaves, reproductive organs
• Date palm sap, pharmaceutical use & shade

Scope of Date Palm in Bangladesh

DAM MFP

 Soil  Climate:  Temperature  Fallow land use  Hilly land use  Roadside and canal

Cultivation Procedure of Date Palm

DAM MFP

 Land Selection  Land preparation  Seedling Collection  Hole Preparation  Sowing/Planting  Fertilization  Plantation

Cultivation Procedure of Date Palm (Cont.)

DAM MFP

Inter Cultural Operation:  Mulching  Irrigation  Propagation  Pruning and Thinning  Harvesting/Fruit Collection  Mature fruit bagging

Constraints/Challenges/Problems

• f date palm cultivation

DAM MFP

 Low quality palm cultivars  Poor farm management  Pest & disease control  Inadequate IPM Control  Pollination  Pollution  Harvesting

Constraints/Challenges/Problems of date palm cultivation (cont.)

DAM MFP

 Processing  Marketing  Shortage of national qualified and trained staff & Labour  Insufficient research and development

DAM MFP

Different type of dates

DAM MFP

Wild date palm in Bangladesh

DAM MFP

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